1 Human Anatomy Biology 351 Upper Limb Exam Please place your name on the back of the last page of this exam. You must answer all questions on this exam. Because statistics demonstrate that, on average, between 2-5 questions on every 100-point exam are ambiguous enough to come out aberrant on an item analysis, the total number of points possible on this exam is 106. However, grades will be calculated out of a possible 100 points, assuming that 2 3 questions on this exam are aberrant. Section 1: Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the shoulder If the following statements are true place a (+) in the space provided; if the following statements are false place a (O) in the space provided. (2 points each) 1. Intrinsic muscles of the shoulder arise (originate) from the bones of the pectoral girdle, insert onto the humerus, and act only at the shoulder joint. 2. The trapezius muscle has quite a few attachments. A series of those attachments are the spines of vertebrae C 7 to T 12. 3. Like the trapezius, the latissimus dorsi has quite a few attachments. The insertion of the latissimus dorsi is the intertubercular sulcus (groove) of the humerus. 4. The trapezius extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus at the shoulder. 5. Both the rhomboideus major and the rhomboideus minor insert onto the lateral border of the scapula. Both of these muscles adduct and downwardly rotate the scapula. 6. Both the rhomboideus major and rhomboideus minor muscles are innervated by the suprascapular nerve. 7. The most important actions of the extrinsic muscles of the shoulder are to move the scapula and, through those movements, increase the range of motion of the humerus. 8. Extrinsic muscles of the shoulder arise (originate) from the axial skeleton (vertebral column and thoracic wall) and insert onto the bones of either the pectoral girdle or the arm. 9. The actions of the pectoralis major are to adduct, medially rotate, and flex (an extended) the humerus at the shoulder. 10. The serratus anterior originates from the upper 8 or 9 pairs of ribs, insert onto the lateral border of the scapula (after passing deep to the scapula), and acts to abduct and upwardly rotate the scapula. The serratus anterior is innervated by the long thoracic nerve.
Section 2: Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the shoulder 2 Utilize the list below for questions 11 through 15 Note that the choices are NOT in alphabetical order (2 points each) a. deltoid f. subscapularis b. supraspinatus g. pectoralis minor c. infraspinatus h. pectoralis major d. teres minor k. latissimus dorsi e. teres major m. trapezius 11. Which of the muscles above have the following anatomical characteristics? inserts onto the greater tubercle of the humerus abducts the humerus at the shoulder innervated by the suprascapular nerve originates from the supraspinatus fossa 12. Which of the muscles above have the following anatomical characteristics? innervated by the lower subscapular nerve extends and medially rotates the humerus at the shoulder inserts onto the intertubercular sulcus (groove) of the humerus originates from the scapula 13. Which of the muscles above have the following anatomical characteristics? originates from the scapula innervated by the axillary nerve laterally rotates and adducts the humerus at the shoulder inserts onto the greater tubercle of the humerus 14. Which of the muscles above have the following anatomical characteristics? originates from the upper 2 nd through 4 th or 3 rd through 5 th pairs of ribs inserts onto the coracoid process of the scapula abducts, depresses and downwardly rotates the scapula innervated by the medial pectoral nerve 15. Which of the muscles above have the following anatomical characteristics? innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus at the shoulder inserts onto the intertubercular sulcus (groove) of the humerus originates from the lower 6 thoracic and all lumber vertebra, the thoracolumbar fascia, lower 3-4 pairs of ribs and the inferior tip of the scapula
Section 3: Muscles of the arm and forearm 3 Utilize the list below for questions 16 through 19. Note that the choices are NOT in alphabetical order (2 points each) a. biceps brachii t. extensor carpi radialis brevis b. coracobrachialis u. extensor digitorum (communis) c. brachialis x. extensor digiti minimi d. triceps brachii z. extensor carpi ulnaris e. pronator teres aa. abductor pollicis longus f. flexor carpi radialis bb. extensor pollicis brevis g. palmaris longus cc. extensor pollicis longus h. flexor carpi ulnaris dd. extensor indicis k. flexor digitorum superficialis m. flexor digitorum o. flexor pollicis longus p. pronator quadratus r. brachioradialis s. extensor carpi radialis longus 16. Which of the muscles above have the following anatomical characteristics? origins on the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the coronoid process of the ulna insertion on the radius innervated by the median nerve actions of medial rotation of the radius around the ulna, and flexion of the forearm at the elbow 17. Which of the muscles above have the following anatomical characteristics? origins on the shaft of the ulna, coronoid process of the ulna, and the interosseous membrane inserts onto the fingers innervated by the median and ulnar nerves 18. Which of the muscles above have the following anatomical characteristics? origins on the medial epicondyle of the humerus, coronoid process of the ulna and the shaft of the ulna, and the radius inserts onto the fingers innervated by the median nerve 19. Which of the muscles above have the following anatomical characteristics? originates on the ulna inserts onto the radius innervated by the median nerve medially rotates the radius around the ulna
Utilize the list below for questions 20 through 24. Note that the choices are NOT in alphabetical order (2 points each) 4 a. biceps brachii t. extensor carpi radialis brevis b. coracobrachialis u. extensor digitorum (communis) c. brachialis x. extensor digiti minimi d. triceps brachii z. extensor carpi ulnaris e. pronator teres aa. abductor pollicis longus f. flexor carpi radialis bb. extensor pollicis brevis g. palmaris longus cc. extensor pollicis longus h. flexor carpi ulnaris dd. extensor indicis k. flexor digitorum superficialis m. flexor digitorum o. flexor pollicis longus p. pronator quadratus r. brachioradialis s. extensor carpi radialis longus 20. Which of the muscles above have the following anatomical characteristics? insertion onto the 2 nd metacarpal originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus innervated by the radial nerve acts to extend and abduct the wrist 21. Which of the muscles above have the following anatomical characteristics? insertion onto the humerus originates from the coracoid process of the scapula innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve acts to flex and adduct the humerus at the shoulder 22. Which of the muscles above have the following anatomical characteristics? origins on the supraglenoid tubercle and coracoid process of the scapula insertion onto the radial tuberosity innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve this muscle crosses three joints and has actions upon all of these joints 23. Which of the muscles above have the following anatomical characteristics? this muscle crosses two joints this muscle originates from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and from two locations on the shaft of the humerus this muscle is innervated by the radial nerve 24. Pick out your favorite muscle from the list above and put the corresponding letter in the space provided
Utilize the list below for questions 25 through 32. Note that the choices are NOT in alphabetical order (2 points each) 5 a. biceps brachii t. extensor carpi radialis brevis b. coracobrachialis u. extensor digitorum (communis) c. brachialis x. extensor digiti minimi d. triceps brachii z. extensor carpi ulnaris e. pronator teres aa. abductor pollicis longus f. flexor carpi radialis bb. extensor pollicis brevis g. palmaris longus cc. extensor pollicis longus h. flexor carpi ulnaris dd. extensor indicis k. flexor digitorum superficialis m. flexor digitorum o. flexor pollicis longus p. pronator quadratus r. brachioradialis s. extensor carpi radialis longus 25. Which of the muscles above inserts onto the styloid process of the radius? 26. Which of the muscles above inserts onto the pisiform? 27. Which of the following muscles above inserts onto the 2 nd and 3 rd metacarpals and is innervated by the median nerve? 28. Which of the muscles above inserts only onto the 2 nd metacarpal and is innervated by the radial nerve? 29. Which of the muscles above inserts only onto the 5 th metacarpal and is innervated by the radial nerve? 30. Which of the muscles above inserts only onto the trapezium and the 1 st metacarpal and is innervated by the radial nerve? 31. Which of the muscles above have the following anatomical characteristics? origins on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the interosseous membrane inserts onto the little finger innervated by the radial nerve 32. Which of the muscles above have the following anatomical characteristics? origin on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus inserts onto the 3 rd metacarpal extends and abducts the wrist innervated by the radial nerve
Section 4: Short answer 6 33. Turn the page horizontally and draw and label the brachial plexus. (10 points)
Section 5: Agonists-antagonists 7 Answer the following questions by placing the most correct answer in the space provided. (2 points each) 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. Two of the actions of the trapezius muscle are to upwardly rotate and elevate the scapula. Which of the following muscles would serve as an antagonist to these actions? a. latissimus dorsi b. rhomboideus major c. trapezius d. pectoralis major e. serratus anterior The pectoralis major abducts, depresses and downwardly rotates the scapula. Which of the following muscles would be antagonistic to one of the actions of the pectoralis major? a. supraspinatus b. infraspinatus c. subscapularis d. teres minor e. teres major Which of the following muscles would be antagonistic to all of the actions of the flexor carpi radialis? a. palmaris longus b. extensor digitorum c. extensor indicis d. extensor pollicis brevis e. extensor carpi radialis longus f. extensor carpi ulnaris Which of the following muscles would be antagonistic to the actions of the lateral fibers of the deltoid? a. supraspinatus b. pectoralis major c. pectoralis minor d. trapezius e. rhomboid major The serratus anterior abducts and upwardly rotates the scapula. Which of the following muscles would be antagonistic to both of those actions? a. supraspinatus b. pectoralis major c. pectoralis minor d. latissimus dorsi e. rhomboid major
Section 6: Muscle Identification. On the next page is a cross section of a middle portion of the arm. If a muscle on the following page is labeled place the proper letter in the appropriate space. However, if a muscle is not labeled place XX in the space provided. (2 points each) 8 39. Deltoid 40. Biceps brachii 41. Brachialis 42. Lateral head of the triceps brachii
Plate Number 410B Arm Middle Cross Section Copyright 1995 Ciba-Geigy Corporation All rights reserved.
Section 7: Muscle Identification. On the next page is a cross section of a middle portion of the forearm. If a muscle on the following page is labeled place the proper letter in the appropriate space. However, if a muscle is not labeled place XX in the space provided. (2 points each) 10 43. Brachioradialis 44. Flexor carpi ulnaris 45. Flexor digitorum profundus 46. Flexor carpi radialis 47. Palmaris longus 48. Flexor digitorum superficialis
Plate Number 423B Forearm Middle Cross Section Copyright 1995 Ciba-Geigy Corporation All rights reserved.