Technical Meeting on Safety Challenges for New Nuclear Power Plants Design Safety and Safety Assessment Review Service (DESARS) IAEA, Vienna, 22 26 June 2015 J. Yllera IAEA, Division of Nuclear Installation Safety
History IAEA Statute Under Article III.A.6 of its Statute, the IAEA is authorized: To establish or adopt, in consultation and, where appropriate, in collaboration with the competent organs of the United Nations and with the specialized agencies concerned, standards of safety for protection of health and minimization of danger to life and property, and to provide for the application of these standards to its own operation as well as to the operations making use of materials, services, equipment, facilities, and information made available by the Agency 2
Safety Standards Hierarchy Safety Fundamentals Safety Requirements Safety Guides Global Reference Point for a High Level of Nuclear Safety 3
Safety Standards: Structure 4
Commission & Committees Commission on Safety Standards (CSS) Nuclear Safety Standards Committee (NUSSC) Radiation Safety Standards Committee (RASSC) Waste Safety Standards Committee (WASSC) Transport Safety Standards Committee (TRANSSC) 5
Process Flow for the Development of IAEA Safety Standards Outline and work plan Prepared by the Secretariat Review by the committees and Commission on Safety Standards Drafting or revising of safety standard by the Secretariat and consultants Review by the safety standards committee(s) Member States Endorsement by Commission on Safety Standards Establishment by the IAEA s Director General or BoG SF and SRs approved by BoG SGs approved by DG Publication 6
Involvement of Stakeholders Participation by the different stakeholders (for example, users, regulators and co-sponsors) during the drafting and review phase is a long established practice 7
IAEA Fundamental Safety Principles (2006) Safety Objective To protect people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation Responsibility for Safety 10 Safety Principles Protective Actions to Reduce Existing Or Unregulated Radiation Risks Role of Government Emergency Preparedness and Response Leadership and Management for Safety Prevention of Accidents Justification of Facilities and Activities Optimization of Protection Limitation of Risks to Individuals Protection of Present and Future Generations 8
Safety Standards Related to SAS 9
Requirements for Safety Assessment GRS Part 4 Revised after the Fukushima Daiichi accident. The changes relate mainly to: Margins to withstand external events Margins to avoid cliffedge effects Multiple facilities / activities at one site Cases where resources are shared Human factors in accident conditions
IAEA Relevant Safety Guides for Safety Assessment
Requirements for Design of NPPs (SSR 2/1 ) 2000 To be implemented by the designer to fulfill the fundamental safety functions with the appropriate level of defence in depth To be used by the reviewer of the design (e.g. Safety Authority) to assess the safety of the design 2012 12
IAEA Safety Standards for Design of NPPs 13
SSR 2/1 - Applicability Primarily for land based stationary nuclear power plants with water cooled reactors It may be used, with judgement, for application to other reactor types, to determine the requirements that have to be considered in developing the design It might not be practicable to apply all the requirements to nuclear power plants that are already in operation It is expected that a comparison will be made against the current standards, for example as part of the periodic safety review for the plant 14
Status of the IAEA Safety Standards Safety Standards are non binding on Member States (MSs) but may be adopted by them binding for IAEA s own activities binding on MSs in relation to operations assisted by the IAEA or MSs wishing to enter into project agreements with IAEA 15
Design Safety and Safety Assessment Review Service (DESARS) The DESARS is an integrated IAEA design safety and safety assessment review service to address the needs of Member States at all stages of development and implementation of the Nuclear Power Programme. 16
DSARS OBJECTIVES DSARS SCOPE To provide to the requesting Member State a tailored, independent peer review of the plant design safety & safety assessment documentation; to make recommendations for improvements aiming at the enhancement of safety. Review of: Safety of operating and new nuclear plant designs specific sections of the safety analysis report safety assessments, also related to plant modifications actions taken to address emerging safety issues countries Periodic Safety Review programme 17
General Process 1. REQUEST: Member State (MS) sends a formal request to the IAEA Staff 2. PLANNING: Staff plans & prepares the mission in cooperation with the requesting party 3. IMPLEMENTATION: Staff conducts mission at the site with support of int l experts 4. REPORT: Staff finalizes the mission report at its headquarter & sends the report to the MS 5. COMMUNICATION & FEEDBACK: MS implements refinements based on recommendations and considers inviting a follow-up mission
Generic Reactor Safety Review (GRSR) DESCRIPTION Review service conducted by the IAEA staff and international experts to review the safety case of new reactor design against the requirements of IAEA Safety Standards on Safety Assessment for Facilities and Activities (GSR Part 4) and Safety of NPPs: Design (SSR- 2/1) OBJECTIVE To enable the requesting party to understand to which extent the safety case is complete and comprehensive in addressing the requirements of the safety standards PROCESS The process takes between 6-8 months to complete. Funded by the requesting party OUTPUT A report summarizing the extent to which the safety case addresses the requirements and, if needed, recommendations for improvement of completeness and comprehensiveness are provided. 19
Examples of GRSRs Russia AES 2006/Rosenergoatom Concern OJSC Completed January 2013 China ACPR 1000+ (Conceptual Design)/China Guangdong Nuclear Power Holding Co., LTD Completed May 2013 Russia VVER-TOI/Rosenergoatom Concern OJSC Completed December 2014 China ACP1000/China National Nuclear Corporation Completed January 2015 China ACP100/China National Nuclear Corporation Planned to start July 2015
Design Safety Review (DSR) DESCRIPTION Peer review service conducted by the IAEA staff and international experts to review the safety of designs of nuclear power plants against the IAEA Safety Standards. The review can be limited on specific technical areas OBJECTIVE To assist the requesting Member State to review the safety analysis reports or design safety regulations for nuclear power plants and to make recommendations in order to enhance safety PROCESS The process includes preparatory work by the review team and review missions that usually last two weeks. Funded by the requesting party or through technical cooperation projects OUTPUT A report summarizing the findings of the review and, if needed, includes a set of recommendations to improve the compliance with the IAEA Safety Standards. 21
Examples of DSRs Ukraine Design safety reviews of 15 NPPs Completed January 2010 Bulgaria Follow up of design safety review of units 5 and 6 of Kozloduy NPP Completed May 2013 Armenia Follow up of design safety review of Metzamor NPP Completed November 2009
Review of National Regulations DESCRIPTION Peer review service conducted by the IAEA staff and international experts to review specific National Regulations for Design and Safety Assessment OBJECTIVE To provide recommendations or suggestions to requesting Member State (Regulatory Body) on safety regulations for design of NPPs and safety assessment for compliance with the IAEA Safety Standards. PROCESS The process includes preparatory work by the review team issuing comments and analysing responses form the Member Sate and a review missions that usually last one week. Funded by the requesting party or through technical cooperation projects OUTPUT A report summarizing the findings of the review and including recommendations and suggestions to improve the compliance with the IAEA Safety Standards. 23
The Netherlands Reviews of Regulations Review of the new regulatory document: Safety Requirements for Nuclear Reactors: Fundamental Safety Requirements, also known as the Dutch Safety Requirements (DSR). Completed June 2013 Lithuania Review of the new regulatory documents for: Nuclear Power Plant Design and Probabilistic Safety Assessment Completed May 2014