Dr DIALLO ADAMA CONSULTANT FAO PPR VACCINE, VACCINATION AND VACCINE QUALITY CONTROL
Lessons from rinderpest eradication 2011 was the official recognition of the world freedom from rinderpest Lessons from this success may help for other animal disease control programme An important element for this great success was the use of a Very Efficient and Quality Assured Vaccine 3
Important requirements for a vaccine Efficacy: Must strong protection of the host against disease following proper administration Must protect against all circulating strains of the pathogen Safety no side effect whatever the physiological status of the host (in particular: no abortion) Cost: must be cheap Availability: must be easy to be procured 4
Important requirements for a vaccine The attenuated Rinderpest vaccine used during the Global Rinderpest Eradication Campaign (GREP) has all the above attributes The attenuated PPR vaccine has the same attributes 5
Immune response to PPRV infection As Rinderpest, PPR is also caused by a virus belonging to the Genus Morbillivirus Both PPRV and RPV induce very strong protective immunogenic response in the infected host 6
Immune response to PPRV infection For both PPR and Rinderpest, an animal that have recovered from infection never develop the disease again This interesting immune protective quality of PPRV and RPV wild type virus strains is conserved in their respective derived live attenuated vaccine viruses 7
PPR vaccines The first PPR control vaccination trials were done with Rinderpest vaccine: goats were vaccinated with RPV and challenged with PPRV a year later 8
PPR vaccines Revue d Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 1989b, 42, 311-319 Development of PPR attenuated vaccine homologous vaccine: Extensively tested in Africa and the Middle East Provide protective immunity for at least 3 years Safety: 3 back passages in animals with no reversion Can be used in pregnant animals at any stage of pregnancy Passive immunity in young animals for 2-4 months after birth 9
PPR vaccines Currently, 6 Attenuated PPR Vaccine strains are available: PPRV Nigeria 75/1 (Nigeria, lineage II, goat origin) PPR Sungri 96 (India, Lineage IV; goat origin) Arasur 87 (India, lineage IV; sheep origin) Coimbatore 97 (India, lineage IV; goat origin). Titu (Bangladesh, lineage IV; goat origin) 45G37/35-K PPR Vaccine (Kazakhstan, Lineage IV?) 10
Geographical distribution of PPR 11
PPRV Lineages distribution 12
PPRV Effective against Viruses of all Lineages PPRV Dendogramme-based Immuno-protective F protein gene Pakistan (2010) 87 Saudi Arabia (1994) Pakistan (1994) Turkey (1996) F Gene Morocco (2008) India (2005) Ethiopia (2011) Egypt (2009) China (2014) Lineage IV Iran (2010) Nepal (1995) Bangladesh (2012) Nigeria (2009) Cameroon (2010) 99 Sudan (2008) Uganda (2009) DR Congo (2011) Senegal (2013) 100 Benin (2011) Cote divoire (2009) 82 Ghana (2010) Nigeria (2012) Burkina Faso (2010) Lineage II Nigeria (1976) Nigeria/75/1 Cote divoire(1989) 97 97 Guinea (1991) Senegal (1969) Kenya (2011) Uganda (2012) Ethiopia (1996) Lineage I 86 99 United Arab Emirates (1986) Lineage III Oman (1983) Sudan (1971) Sudan (1972) Rinderpest (Egypt) Rinderpest (Tanzania -RBT1) 89 Rinderpest (strain Kabete O) Rinderpest (RBOK) 0.01 13 Rinderpest (South Korea L72) Rinderpest (Fusan Japan)
PPRV Effective against Viruses of all Lineages PPRV Dendogramme-based Immunoprotective H protein gene 14
PPR vaccine Thermostability improvement 15 Sen et al.
There are efficient vaccines for PPR-GEP Current homologous attenuated PPR vaccine: Duration of immunity: at least 3-5 years Safety: 3 back passages in animals with no reversion, no abortion as side effect A vaccine strain can protect against all lineages The thermostability was improved Available for use for a Global Control Programme: produced by more than 20 Vaccine Manufacturers So Need for Independent Certification of Produced Vaccines to ensure Good Quality of Vaccines to be used for PPR Control Programme 16
Protection against PPR: Part of the fight for poverty alleviation 17
Thank you Dr DIALLO ADAMA FAO CONSULTANT a.diallob@outlook.com