NOTEBOOK Table of Contents: #41: Comparative Circulatory System Assignment Page: #41: Monday January 9, 2017: Comparative Circulatory System Agenda: 1. Comparative Circulatory System (Notes with Handout) Objectives: 1. Compare and contrast open and closed circulatory systems. 2. Compare and contrast patterns of circulation in vertebrates. Reminders: 1. Moodle HW 21 (Video with questions) Due Sun 11:55pm 2. FINAL Day for 2nd QTR makeup work: TODAY at 3:00pm 3. Test 10: January 11th (NEXT TIME)
Comparative Circulatory System The function of animal circulatory systems is mainly Transport of O 2 to the cells Transport of CO 2 out of the body AND Transport of nutrients
Two Different Circulatory Systems Open Circulatory System Blood (hemolymph) is pumped into open body cavity (hemocoel). Blood reenters heart through openings (ostia). Does not require much energy to operate, but can t sustain high levels of activity. Closed Circulatory System Blood is contained within blood vessels: Arteries move blood away from the heart. Veins move blood toward the heart. Energetically costly to operate, but allows higher levels of activity.
Invertebrate Circulatory Systems Most Invertebrates have an open circulatory system.
Fish Circulation Heart pumps blood to the gills to be re-oxygenated (gill circulation) after which blood flows to rest of body and back to the heart in one circuit. A fish heart has two chambers, one atrium and one ventricle. Single-loop circulation results in lower blood pressure in the body capillaries
Amphibian and Reptile Circulation Amphibian and Reptilian heart is a Double-loop circulatory system. Advent of lungs resulted in two circulations: Pulmonary circulation - (Lungs) Systematic circulation - (Rest of body) Maintains blood pressure in body capillaries Oxygen rich and oxygen deficient blood mix in the ventricle.
Mammalian and Bird Circulation Mammals, birds, and crocodiles have four- chambered heart. right and left atria right and left ventricles The right and left ventricles are separated by a muscular wall called the septum This prevents oxygen rich and oxygen deficient blood from mixing Made up of two pumping systems/circuits. Pulmonary circulation Systemic circulation
Comparison of Vertebrate Hearts (page 860)
The Human Circulatory Functions: Transports gases, nutrients, hormones, and waste Regulate body temperature Fight infection Major Organs: Heart Blood vessels System
Circulation through body Heart pumps blood Pulmonary circulation (heart to lungs to heart) Systemic Circulation (heart to body to heart) Circulation through heart Vena Cava Right atria Right ventricle Pulmonary artery Lungs Pulmonary vein Left atria Left ventricle Aorta Body
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Unoxygenated blood enters the atrium on the right side of the heart. Unoxygenated blood comes in from the top of the body through the superior vena cava. Unoxygenated blood comes in from the lower body though the inferior vena cava.
While the unoxygenated blood is in the right atrium, the tricuspid valve is closed to keep the blood from flowing down to the ventricle.
The atrium contracts and the tricuspid valve opens, forcing the blood down into the ventricle.
The tricuspid valve closes again so that blood cannot move back up into the atrium.
The ventricle contracts. This forces the unoxygenated blood through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary arteries.
The right pulmonary artery takes the unoxygenated blood to the right lung. The left pulmonary artery takes the unoxygenated blood to the left lung. THE PULMONARY ARTERIES ARE THE ONLY ARTERIES THAT CARRY UNOXYGENEATED BLOOD.
Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the heart through the left atrium. The mitral valve is closed to keep the blood from going into the ventricle.
Oxygenated blood from the right lung returns to the heart through the right pulmonary vein. Oxygenated blood from the left lung returns to the heart through the left pulmonary vein. THE PULMONARY VEINS ARE THE ONLY VEINS THAT CARRY OXYGENATED BLOOD.
The left atrium contracts. This forces the oxygenated blood through the mitral valve into the left ventricle.
The mitral valve closes again. This keeps the oxygenated blood from moving back up into the atrium.
Oxygenated blood is forced into the aorta to be carried to the rest of the body.
Tissues connective smooth muscle endothelium (type of epithelial tissue) Arteries Veins Capillaries Blood Vessels
Blood Connective tissue Fluid structure (can flow to all parts of the body) Blood Cells Red blood cells lack nuclei transport oxygen White blood cells contain nuclei fight infection Platelets plasma proteins and cell fragments responsible for clotting Blood Plasma 90% water 10 % dissolved gases salts nutrients enzymes waste plasma proteins transport fatty acids, hormones, vitamins fight infections involved in blood clotting