BODY SYSTEMS A body system is a group of organs and other structures work together to carry out specific functions. The following systems work together to carry out a function needed for life: Respiratory Circulatory Nervous Musculoskeletal Integumentary Endocrine Digestive Genitourinary Movements Flexion flexing or bending Bending at the knee or making a fist Extension straightening movement Hyper movement beyond the normal position Updated 8/2012 BODY CAVITIES CRANIAL CAVITY- contains brain and protected by the skull. SPINAL CAVITY- contains spinal cord and is protected by the bones of the spine. THORACIC CAVITY- (trunk) contains heart, lungs and other important structures. ABDOMINAL CAVITY-(unprotected) contains liver, gall- bladder, pancreas, intestines, stomach, kidneys and spleen. PELVIC CAVITY- contains the bladder, rectum and reproductive organs. BODY CAVITIES THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Airway and lungs Pharnx, larynx, and trachea Supplies the body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide through breathing Brain cells will begin to die in 4-6 minutes without oxygen CONDITIONS THAT AID: Respiratory Infections/distress Respiratory arrest Airway obstruction Asthma Allergies Injuries to the chest Signs/Symptoms: Wheezing Chest tightness Pale or bluish appearance Trouble breathing Persistent coughing/irritation Pediatric Considerations In Respiratory System Smaller structures More easily obstructed Breathe through nose (especially infants) Airway is more easily blocked Tongue takes up more space proportionately Can block airway sometimes 1
Pediatric Considerations In Respiratory System Continued Presence of baby teeth Can be dislodged and enter airway Face shape and nose are flatter Difficult to make a good seal of airway Trachea is narrower, softer and more flexible Can close if head is tipped back too far Have more secretions Can block airway Pediatric Considerations In Respiratory System Continued Use abdominal muscles to breathe Can be hard to assess breathing Chest wall is softer Tend to rely more heavily on diaphragm More flexible ribs Lungs more susceptible to damage Breathe faster Can fatigue more quickly, leading to respiratory distress THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Heart, blood and blood vessels. Arteries Veins Transports nutrients and oxygen to body cells and remove waste products AID: Blood loss Impaired circulation-blood clot Failure of heart to pump effectively, ex. Heart attack. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Brain Spinal cord Nerves Transmits messages to and from the brain Brain cells, unlike other body cells, cannot regenerate or grow back. Illness or injury. Head injury. Spinal injury. Paralysis. THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Bones Ligaments Muscles Tendons Supports the body Protects internal organs Allows movement Fractures Dislocations Strains Sprains MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES 2
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Skin Hair Nails Sweat Glands Oil Glands Protects the body Helps keep fluids within the body Infections Blood loss Loss of other vital body fluids (may result in shock) Glands Hormones Secretes hormones and other substances into blood and onto the skin. Diabetes Too much or too little insulin is secreted into the blood. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Esophagus Stomach Intestines Pancreas Gallbladder Liver Breaks down food, absorb nutrients and eliminates waste AID CARE: Organs can be damaged by a penetrating injury (stab, gunshot wound.) Damaged organs can: Bleed internally May spill waste products in the abdominal cavitycausing infection. THE GENITOURINARY SYSTEM Kidneys Bladder Uterus Genitalia Removes waste from the circulatory system and regulates water balance. Internal bleeding Ruptured bladder Injuries to genitalia SUMMARY Body systems work together to help the body maintain a constant healthy state and function properly. Injuries or illnesses that affects one body system can have a serious impact on other systems. Respiratory System Activity: If an airway obstruction blockage does not permit air to reach the lungs and prevents oxygen from being circulated to the vital organs, 3
Circulatory System If a heart attack damages the heart and diminishes or prevents the delivery of oxygenated blood to the vital organs, Nervous System injury to the brain occurs, Musculoskeletal System If an injury occurs that breaks a bone, Integumentary System injury occurs to the skin, what can Endocrine System If a problem develops with the endocrine system, Digestive System injury occurs to a part of the digestive system, 4
Genitourinary System If an injury occurs to the pelvic area, damaging a part of the genitourinary system, 5