REFERENCE DIAGRAMS OF UPPER LIMB MUSCLES: NAMES, LOCATIONS, ATTACHMENTS, FUNCTIONS MUSCLES CONNECTING THE UPPER LIMB TO THE AXIAL SKELETON A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES Page 1
MUSCLES CONNECTING THE UPPER LIMB TO THE AXIAL SKELETON Page 2 A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES
MUSCLES CONNECTING THE SCAPULA AND HUMERUS A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES Page 3
MUSCLES CONNECTING THE SCAPULA AND HUMERUS Page 4 A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR ARM MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR ARM A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES Page 5
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR FOREARM: LAYER 1 Page 6 A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR FOREARM: LAYER 2 MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR FOREARM: LAYER 3 MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR FOREARM: LAYER 3 MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR FOREARM: LAYER 4 A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES Page 7
MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM: LAYER 1 Page 8 A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES
MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM: LAYER 1 A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES Page 9
MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM: LAYER 2 Page 10 A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES
MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM: LAYER 2 MUSCLES OF THE HAND: Thenar mm. MUSCLES OF THE HAND: Thenar mm. MUSCLES OF THE HAND: Thenar mm. A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES Page 11
MUSCLES OF THE HAND: Hypothenar mm. MUSCLES OF THE HAND: Hypothenar mm. MUSCLES OF THE HAND: Hypothenar mm. Page 12 A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES
MUSCLES OF THE HAND A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES Page 13
LAB ASSIGNMENT 1: UPPER LIMB MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS & FUNCTIONS. Use an articulated skeleton or diagram(s) with muscle origins and insertions indicated. (1) For each set of attachments, write the name of the muscle with those attachments in the blank space. Note: The muscle actually may have more extensive attachments than those listed. (2) List the primary action(s) of the muscle. Scapula: subscapular fossa Humerus: lesser tubercle Scapula: supraspinous fossa Humerus: greater tubercle Scapula: infraspinous fossa Humerus: greater tubercle Scapula: lateral (axillary) border Humerus: greater tubercle Scapula: lateral (axillary) border Humerus: crest of lesser tubercle Scapula: coracoid Ribs: 3-5 Scapula: coracoid Humerus: mid-shaft, medial side. Scapula: coracoid (Hint: short head) Radius: radial tuberosity Scapula: supraglenoid tubercle (Hint: long head) Radius: radial tuberosity Scapula: infraglenoid tubercle (Hint: long head) Ulna: olecranon Scapula: medial (vertebral) border, posterior surface Spinous processes, T2-T5 Scapula: medial (vertebral) border, posterior surface Spinous processes, C7-T1 Scapula: medial (vertebral) border, anterior surface Ribs 1-8 or 9 Page 14 A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES
Scapula: medial border & superior angle Transverse processes, C1-C4 Scapula: acromion & spine Vertebral spines C7-T12, occipital, ligamentum nuchae Scapula: acromion & spine Vertebral spines C7-T12, occipital, ligamentum nuchae Clavicle: anterior border, medial half Clavicle: anterior border, lateral half Clavicle: posterior border, lateral half Humerus: greater tubercle Scapula: supraspinous fossa Humerus: greater tubercle Scapula: infraspinous fossa Humerus: greater tubercle Scapula: lateral (axillary) border Humerus: lesser tubercle: Scapula: lateral (axillary) border Humerus: intertubercular groove, lateral lip Sternum, costal cartilages 1-6, clavicle Humerus: intertubercular groove, medial lip Scapula: axillary border Humerus: intertubercular groove, floor Vertebral spines T7-L5, ribs 9-12, iliac crest What muscle tendon runs in the intertubercular groove? Humerus: deltoid tuberosity Scapula: spine & acromion; Clavicle: acromial end Humerus: mid-shaft, medial side Scapula: coracoid Humerus: shaft, anterior, lower 2/3 rd Ulna: coronoid, tuberosity Humerus: shaft, posterior & Ulna: olecranon Humerus: medial epicondyle Radius: mid-shaft Humerus: medial epicondyle Metacarpals 2 & 3 A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES Page 15
Humerus: medial epicondyle Palmar aponeurosis Humerus: medial epicondyle Pisiform, hamate, metacarpal 5 Humerus: lateral epicondyle Metacarpal 3 Humerus: lateral epicondyle Distal phalanges 2-5 Humerus: lateral epicondyle Metacarpal 5 Humerus: lateral epicondyle Ulna: olceranon (lateral aspepct) Humerus: lateral supracondylar ridge Radius: base of styloid process Humerus: lateral supracondylar ridge Metacarpal 2 Radius: tuberosity Scapula: coracoid, supraglenoid tubercle Radius: base of styloid process Humerus: lateral supracondylar ridge Ulna: olecranon Scapula: infraglenoid tubercle; humerus: posterior shaft Ulna: coronoid & tuberosity Humerus: anterior surface, distal 2/3 Ulna: distal shaft, anterior surface Radius: distal shaft, anterior surface Hand: palmar, distal phalanges 2-5 Ulna & interosseous membrane Hand: palmar, middle phalanges 2-5 Humerus: medial epidondyle, ulna: coronoid, radius: shaft Hand: palmar, pollex, distal phalanx Radius & interosseous membrane Page 16 A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES
LAB ASSIGNMENT 2: UPPER LIMB MUSCLE IDENTIFICATION (MODELS) The list below is a key to the muscles of the upper limb models (Somso) in the lab. One of the models is intact. Please do not disassemble it! The other model has had muscles removed to expose deeper muscles. Working in teams of two or more: first, use the key to find each muscle on the model and give an action for the muscle; second, point to each muscle on the model and name it without using the key; third, name each muscle on the list and find it on the model without using the number key. MUSCLES, TENDONS, AND LIGAMENTS 1. Supraspinatus 2. Infraspinatus 3. Teres major 4. Teres minor 5. Latissimus dorsi 6. Subscapularis 7. Deltoid 8. Pectoralis major 9. Biceps brachii 10. Brachialis 11. Triceps brachii 12. Pronator teres 13. Flexor carpi radialis 14. Palmaris longus 15. Flexor carpi ulnaris 16. Extensor carpi ulnaris 17. Extensor digitorum 18. Extensor carpi radialis brevis 19. Extensor carpi radialis longus 20. Brachioradialis 21. Extensor pollicis longus (tendon) 22. Extensor pollicis brevis 23. Abductor pollicis longus 24. Flexor digitorum superficialis 25. Supinator 26. omit 27. Extensor retinaculum 28. Flexor pollicis brevis 29. Abductor pollicis brevis 30. Adductor pollicis 31. Opponens pollicis 32. Opponens digiti minimi 33. Flexor digiti minimi 34. Abductor digiti minimi 35. Lumbricales 36. Dorsal interossei 37. Flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament) 38. Tendon sheath 39. omit 40. omit 41. Flexor pollicis longus (tendon) 42. Flexor digitorum superficialis (tendons) 43. Flexor digitorum profundus (tendons) 44. omit A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES Page 17
LAB ASSIGNMENT 3: UPPER LIMB MUSCLE IDENTIFICATION (MODELS) The following diagrams are based on the intact upper limb models (Somso). Color each muscle in the diagram, write its name on the diagram, then find it on the model. N.B.: the numbers and letters on the diagrams are purposely NOT the same as those on the model. 2 19 18 10 20 17 12 21 16 E 22 9b 9d G 9a 9c 5 SCAPULAR REGION & ARM POSTERIOR ASPECT A. Clavicle B. Scapula: spine & acromion C. Scapula: medial border E. Humerus: lateral epicondyle G. Ulna: olecranon 1. Trapezius m. (cut) 2. Pectoralis major m. (cut) 3. Deltoideus m. 5. Teres major m. 6. Teres minor m. 7. Infraspinatus m. 9. Triceps brachii m. a. long head b. lateral head c. medial head d. triceps tendon 10. Biceps brachii m. 12. Brachialis m. 16. Flexor carpi ulnaris m. 17. Brachioradialis m. 18. Extensor carpi radialis longus m. 19. Extensor carpi radialis brevis m. 20. Extensor digitorum m. 21. Extensor carpi ulnaris m. 22. Anconeus m. 3 6 A B 7 C 1 Page 18 A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES
LAB ASSIGNMENT 3: UPPER LIMB MUSCLE IDENTIFICATION (MODELS) 15 14 13 17 SCAPULAR REGION & ARM ANTERIOR ASPECT A. Clavicle C. Scapula: medial border D. Scapula: coracoid process F. Humerus: medial epicondyle F 9c 9a 11 10c 10b 10a 3 2. Pectoralis major m. (cut) 3. Deltoideus m. 4. Latissimus dorsi m. (cut) 5. Teres major m. 8. Subscapularis m. 9. Triceps brachii m. a. long head c. medial head 10. Biceps brachii m. a. long head b. short head c. bicipital tendon 11. Coracobrachialis m. 13. Pronator teres m. 14. Flexor carpi radialis m. 15. Palmaris longus m. 17. Brachioradialis m. 5 4 2 8 D 2 C 3 A A A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES Page 19
LAB ASSIGNMENT 3: UPPER LIMB MUSCLE IDENTIFICATION (MODELS) FOREARM AND HAND POSTERIOR ASPECT E. Humerus: lateral epicondyle G. Ulna: olecranon H. Common extensor tendon I. Extensor retinaculum 28 29 26 18 19 25 24 I 30 27 26 23 10. Biceps brachii m. 12. Brachialis m. 17. Brachioradialis m. 18. Extensor carpi radialis longus m. 19. Extensor carpi radialis brevis m. 20. Extensor digitorum m. 21. Extensor carpi ulnaris m. 22. Anconeus m. 23. Extensor digiti minimi m. 24. Abductor pollicis longus m. 25. Extensor pollicis brevis m. 26. Extensor pollicis longus m. (tendon) 27. Extensor indicis m. (tendon) 28. Adductor pollicis m. 29. Dorsal interosseous m. I 30. Abductor digiti minimi m. 20 21 19 18 17 H 22 E G 10 12 Page 20 A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES
LAB ASSIGNMENT 3: UPPER LIMB MUSCLE IDENTIFICATION (MODELS) FOREARM & HAND ANTERIOR ASPECT 32 31b 40 29 K 37 38 39 35 36 34 31a 33 16 15 14 13 F 12 10 17 25 F. Humerus: medial epicondyle J. Flexor retinaculum K. Sheath of long flexor tendons in digits 10. Biceps brachii m. 12. Brachialis m. 13. Pronator teres m. 14 Flexor carpi radialis m. 15. Palmaris longus m. 16. Flexor carpi ulnaris m. 17. Brachioradialis m. 25. Extensor pollicis brevis m. (tendon) 29. Dorsal interosseous m. I 31. Flexor digitorum superficialis m. a. muscle fibers b. tendons 32. Flexor digitorum profundus m. (tendons) 33. Opponens pollicis m. 34. Abductor pollicis brevis m. 35. Flexor pollicis brevis m. 36. Adductor pollicis m. 37. Flexor pollicis longus m. (tendon) 38. Abductor digiti minimi m. 39. Flexor digiti minimi brevis m. 40. Lumbricales mm. 1-4 A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES Page 21
LAB ASSIGNMENT 4: UPPER LIMB MUSCLE IDENTIFICATION (CADAVERS) The following is a checklist of muscles that you will identify on the prosected cadavers or upper limb specimens. Please note that not every muscle will be visible on every cadaver or specimen. It depends upon the cadaver orientation and the dissection. (1) Pectoralis major (2) Pectoralis minor (3) Serratus anterior (4) Trapezius (5) Latissimus dorsi (6) Rhomboid major (7) Rhomboid minor (8) Teres major (9) Teres minor (10) Infraspinatus (11) Supraspinatus (12) Subscapularis (13) Deltoid (14) Biceps brachii (15) Coracobrachialis (16) Brachialis (17) Triceps brachii (18) Pronator teres (19) Flexor carpi radialis (20) Palmaris longus (21) Flexor carpi ulnaris (22) Flexor digitorum superficialis (23) Flexor digitorum profundus (24) Flexor pollicis longus (25) Brachioradialis (26) Extensor carpi radialis longus (27) Extensor carpi radialis brevis (28) Extensor digitorum (29) Extensor digiti minimi (30) Extensor carpi ulnaris (31) Anconeus (32) Thenar muscles (33) Hypothenar muscles Page 22 A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES
LAB ASSIGNMENT 5: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES: GENERAL ORGANIZATION The deep fascia organizes the arm and forearm muscles into muscular compartments. In general, the muscles in each compartment share the same embryological origins, functions, nerve supply, and blood supply. Study the following diagrams carefully. A25LAB EXERCISES: UPPER LIMB MUSCLES Page 23
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