PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion

PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion For Industrial Lacquers Regional Product Availability Description Asia-Pacific PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion is specifically designed for the formulation of clear and pigmented ambient or forced-air-dry industrial lacquers. Coating systems based on this polymer are suitable for use on a variety of substrates and offer a number of key benefits currently provided by solvent-borne industrial lacquers, but without the flammability, odor, or other problems inherent with such systems. White Lacquer based on PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion : WL-81-1 Water Diluent 40.0 OROTAN 165A Dispersant 10.8 TRITON CF-10 Surfactant 1.4 Patcote 519 Defoamer 2.0 Titanium dioxide Pigment 160.0 Sub-Total 214.2 Cowles grind to 7 7.5 N.S. Hegman, then letdown by adding the following in order with good agitation: Water Diluent 54.0 PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion 575.0 Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether Coalescent 91.0 Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether Coalescent 91.0 Patcote 519 Defoamer 1.0 Byk-301 Defoamer 1.2 Dow Corning Additive #14 Silicone additive 1.2 Add slowly under good agitation: Ammonium benzoate (10% soln) Flash rust resistance 24.0 Total 971.1 PVC, % 15 Volume solids, % 31 Weight solids, % 41 Density, g/ml 1.15 ph 8.0 Pigment / Binder ratio 40 / 60 Viscosity, No.4 Ford cup, sec 20 to 30 VOC, g/lt (US method) 285 Page 1 of 10 PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion / Dow Coating Materials 03/2015. Rev.0

White Lacquer (with Strontium chromate reactive pigment) based on PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion : WL-81-2 Water Diluent 45.0 OROTAN 165A Dispersant 10.8 TRITON CF-10 Surfactant 1.4 Patcote 519 Defoamer 0.4 Titanium dioxide Pigment 152.0 Strontium chromate Reactive pigment 8.5 Sub-Total 218.1 Cowles grind to 7 7.5 N.S. Hegman, then letdown by adding the following in order with good agitation: Water Diluent 33.4 Surfactant XQS-20 (25% solids) Surfactant 18.0 PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion 556.2 Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether Coalescent 88.6 Paraplex WP-1 Plasticiser 17.5 Patcote 519 Defoamer 0.8 Add slowly under good agitation: Ammonium benzoate (10% soln) Flash rust resistance 24.7 Total 957.3 PVC, % 15 Volume solids, % 32.5 Weight solids, % 43 Density, g/ml 1.15 ph 8.0 Pigment / Binder ratio 40 / 60 Viscosity, cps 100 to 400 VOC, g/lt (US method) 220 Page 2 of 10 PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion / Dow Coating Materials 03/2015. Rev.0

Clear Lacquer based on PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion : WL-81-3 PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion 650.0 Water Diluent 110.0 Sub-Total 760.0 Premix and add the following in order with good agitation: Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether Coalescent 103.8 Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether Coalescent 10.8 Byk-301 Defoamer 1.3 Patcote 519 Defoamer 0.9 Add slowly under good agitation: Ammonium benzoate (10% soln) Flash rust resistance 24.7 Total 876.8 Note: To increase the lacquer viscosity, add ammonia solution (14%). To decrease the lacquer viscosity thin with water. Volume solids, % 29 Weight solids, % 31 Density, g/ml 1.01 ph 7.5 Viscosity, cps 100 to 400 VOC, g/lt (US method) 304 Page 3 of 10 PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion / Dow Coating Materials 03/2015. Rev.0

Lacquer based on PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion and Epotuf 38-690 Epoxy Ester : WL-81-4 Epotuf 38-690 Epoxy ester blend system 26.6 Aquacat clear Cationic solution 1.0 Magnacat Catalyst 1.0 Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether Coalescent 13.5 Mix well, then add in order: Triethylamine ph control 2.3 Water Diluent 125.1 OROTAN 165A Dispersant 2.6 Patcote 550 Defoamer 0.5 Raven 2000 Carbon black 32.7 Strontium chromate Reactive pigment 9.7 Ball mill to 7.5 N.S. Hegman and add the following in order: Epotuf 38-690 Epoxy ester blend system 144.1 Triethylamine ph control 11.7 Water Diluent 125.1 Mix well, and add the following in order with good agitation: PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion 278.2 TRITON X-405 Surfactant 4.6 Santicizer 160 Plasticiser 22.9 Water Diluent 31.3 Ammonium benzoate (10% soln) Flash rust resistance 23.2 Total 856.1 Volume solids, % 31.5 Weight solids, % 35.3 Density, g/ml 1.03 ph 8.9 Viscosity, cps 290 Page 4 of 10 PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion / Dow Coating Materials 03/2015. Rev.0

Lacquer based on PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion and Epotuf 38-690 Epoxy Ester : WL-81-5 Epotuf 38-690 Epoxy ester blend system 26.7 Aquacat clear Cationic solution 1.0 Magnacat Catalyst 1.0 Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether Coalescent 13.5 Triethylamine ph control 2.3 Water Diluent 125.4 OROTAN 165A Dispersant 2.6 Patcote 550 Defoamer 0.5 Raven 2000 Carbon black 32.8 Ball mill to 7.5 N.S. Hegman and add the following in order: Epotuf 38-690 Epoxy ester blend system 144.5 Triethylamine ph control 11.7 Water Diluent 125.4 Mix well, and add the following in order with good agitation: PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion 279.1 TRITON X-405 Surfactant 4.7 Santicizer 160 Plasticiser 23.0 Water Diluent 31.4 Ammonium benzoate (10% soln) Flash rust resistance 23.3 Total 848.9 Volume solids, % 31.3 Weight solids, % 34.5 Density, g/ml 1.03 ph 8.9 Viscosity, cps 230 Pigment / Binder ratio 11 / 89 Page 5 of 10 PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion / Dow Coating Materials 03/2015. Rev.0

Clear Lacquer based on PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion with Zinc Yellow for Corrosion Resistance on Cold-rolled Steel : WL-81-7 PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion 488.3 Water Diluent 150.6 TRITON X-405 (35% wt solids) Surfactant 7.3 Zinc yellow slurry (10%)* Pigment 30.3 Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether Coalescent 101.1 Texanol ester alcohol Coalescent 10.3 Paraplex WP-1 Plasticiser 20.5 Ammonium benzoate (10% soln) Flash rust resistance 17.6 Byk-301 Defoamer 3.9 Aqueous ammonia (14%) ph control 14.6 Total 844.5 Volume solids, % 25.2 Weight solids, % 27.3 Density, g/ml 1.02 ph 9.0 Viscosity, cps 1000-1200 VOC, g/lt (US method) 334 Zinc Yellow Slurry * Zinc Yellow (e.g. Heubach Y-539-D Pigment 10.0 zinc potassium chromate) Water Diluent 88.0 TRITON X-405 (35% wt solids) Surfactant 2.0 Total 100.0 Page 6 of 10 PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion / Dow Coating Materials 03/2015. Rev.0

Appendix Coalescents / Plasticisers Internal Thickening Mechanism Prime Pigments Flat Black Lacquer based on PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion : WL-81-8 PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion 612.1 Water Diluent 65.9 Colanyl black PR-A Tinting paste 24.5 Mix well, then sidt in: Syloid 166 Silica 18.8 Mix well, and add the following in order with good agitation: Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether Coalescent 97.9 Texanol ester alcohol Coalescent 10.4 Ammonium benzoate (10% soln) Flash rust resistance 23.5 Patcote 519 Defoamer 1.4 Total 845.5 Volume solids, % 28.7 Weight solids, % 31.0 Density, g/ml 1.03 ph 7.9 8.4 Viscosity, cps 400-1000 VOC, g/lt (US method) 330 If viscosity is too low, adjust up with aqueous ammonia (14%). If viscoity is too high, adjust down with water. Guidelines for General Industrial Formulating Characteristics Which Affect Formulating Approach 1. Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether is the most efficient coalescent. 2. PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion is hard (Tukon Hardness 12.0 KHN). For air-dry formulations some slow coalescent (e.g., 5-15% diethylene glycol monobutyl ether on latex nonvolatiles) is required for good film formation. 3. Coalescents affect the thickening response of PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion. We recommend checking the coalescent system in a clear formulation. This ph / viscosity profile will help to identify pigment interactions in a finished formulation. 4. Paraplex WP-1 plasticizer is an excllent choice of plasticizer. 1. Ammonia or organic amines should always be added as final components and always added to systems of relatively low viscosity. 2. Add ammonia and amines, preferably diluted with water, slowly and with good agitation. 3. If amine neutralization does not thicken a formulation adequately, minor increases in cosolvents, which swell the particle, can be added. Slurry ph is important since electrolytes can affect emulsion stability. 1. Inorganic Prime Pigments: Iron Oxide, Chromates, Molybdates. Any of these pigments can contribute ionic species to a latex formulation. Stability problems encountered with yellows (lead chromates) in formulations based on PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion can be overcome with stabilizing surfactants. Page 7 of 10 PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion / Dow Coating Materials 03/2015. Rev.0

Reactive Pigments Extenders 2. Organic Toner Pigments: Phthalos, Indanthrones, Quinacridones, Hansas, Toluidine. Selection is very important. Resinated types used in alkyd manufacture are not necessarily best for emulsions. Solubility in coalescents is important and solubility of metal salt types is important in high ph systems. Predispersed tints introduce dispersants, surfactants, and solvents which may affect performance. Phthalo and Hansas types work with ethylene glycol monobutyl ether/diethylene glycol monobutyl ether. However, two types of toluidine pigments used in the same system appeared to have a "bloom" effect. PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion requires stabilization toward high concentrations of divalent ions. Whenever pigments such as chromates, borates, etc., are being used in a formulation, surfactants should be included to eliminate emulsion stability problems. A surfactant recommended for use with PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion is TRITON X-405 Surfactant: Usually cut to 35% nonvolatile with water before addition to the paint formulation. 1. Slurry ph is important. 2. Calcium and barium ions can lead to stability problems. High PVC formulations will require a stabilizing surfactant. 3. Examples of useful extenders are: (a) Fine-particle sized, low oil absorption pigments such as calcium carbonate or barytes are useful in dip and flow applications. (b) Talc extender with Busan 11-M1 corrosion-inhibiting pigment is effective in promoting high-film build in spray applications. (c) Flatting Paste: Water Diluent 749.1 TRITON X-100 Surfactant 2.0 Patcote 519 Defoamer 9.0 Syloid 161 Amorphous silica 135.4 Total 895.5 Pigment Levels Dispersants 1. Gloss: Use minimum pigment consistent with required hiding, e.g., TiO 2 systems require 15-16 PVC for 30-40 microns. 2. Two-Coat Systems: Obtain hiding and holdout with the primer and use minimum pigment levels in the topcoat. Improvement in salt spray and humidity resistance is also obtained in formulations based on PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion by removing the TRITON CF-10 Surfactant and eliminating the ammonium benzoate from the topcoat formulation. 1. We suggest low-acid-type dispersants such as OROTAN 165A Dispersant along with a surfactant for pigment wetting (e.g., TRITON CF-10 Surfactant, lgepal CTA-639 surfactant). 2. Levels: 1-5 g wetting aid / litre; 10-20 g dispersant / litre. Note: In many formulations we recommend use of the cosolvent as a wetting aid for pigment. This is critical for difficult-to-wet pigments (e.g., blacks and organic types) and for some inorganics with small particle size and high oil adsorption. Page 8 of 10 PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion / Dow Coating Materials 03/2015. Rev.0

Flash and Early Rust Prevention 3. Whenwater-soluble resins are used as dispersants (such as Arolon 557 dispersant), be aware that the coalescent demand of the latex can cause insolubility and possible flocculation of the water-soluble resin, when the resin is 11% or more of binder solids. 4. Dispersion: For high-speed dispersers and sand mills, dispersant levels should be near the flow point to eliminate dilatent conditions. 5. We suggest unmodified-type pigments for formulating (i.e., no resinated or solvent-type floc-resistant pigments). We suggest pebble or ball mill for difficult-to-disperse pigments. Sand mills and highspeed Cowles dispersers are satisfactory for TiO 2 and many other pigments. 1. The use of ammonia or a slow amine to adjust ph to a minimum of 8.1 is a very effective approach. The type and level of slow amine, if used, should be carefully determined to avoid decreasing the water resistance of the system. 2. Additives such as ammonium benzoate, sodium nitrate, etc., can be added to the system. for an ammonium benzoate solution: Water Diluent 938.3 Benzoic acid - 100.0 Mix until dissolved, then add: Aqueous ammonia (28%) ph control 102.3 ph of the solution should 8.5 Total 1140.6 Page 9 of 10 PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion / Dow Coating Materials 03/2015. Rev.0

Handling Precautions Storage Disposal Before using this product, consult the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)/Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details on product hazards, recommended handling precautions and product storage. Store products in tightly closed original containers at temperatures recommended on the product label. Dispose in accordance with all local, state (provincial) and federal regulations. Empty containers may contain hazardous residues. This material and its container must be disposed in a safe and legal manner. It is the user's responsibility to verify that treatment and disposal procedures comply with local, state (provincial) and federal regulations. Contact your Dow Technical Representative for more information. Chemical Registration Note on Asia-Pacific Product Line Product Stewardship Customer Notice Many countries within the Asia-Pacific require the registration of chemicals, either imported or produced locally, prior to their commercial use. Violation of these regulations may lead to substantial penalties imposed upon the user, the importer or manufacturer, and/or cessation of supply. It is in your interests to ensure that all chemicals used by you are registered. Dow does not supply unregistered products unless permitted under limited sampling procedures as a precursor to registration. Product availability and grades vary throughout the countries in Asia-Pacific. Please contact your local Dow Coating Materials representative for further information and samples. Dow has a fundamental concern for all who make, distribute, and use its products, and for the environment in which we live. This concern is the basis for our product stewardship philosophy by which we assess the safety, health, and environmental information on our products and then take appropriate steps to protect employee and public health and our environment. The success of our product stewardship program rests with each and every individual involved with Dow products - from the initial concept and research, to manufacture, use, sale, disposal, and recycle of each product. Dow strongly encourages its customers to review both their manufacturing processes and their applications of Dow products from the standpoint of human health and environmental quality to ensure that Dow products are not used in ways for which they are not intended or tested. Dow personnel are available to answer your questions and to provide reasonable technical support. Dow product literature, including safety data sheets, should be consulted prior to use of Dow products. Current safety data sheets are available from Dow. Contact: Australia / NZ +61-3-9956-7500 South East Asia +65-6861-1077 Greater China +86-21-3851-1000 Japan +81-3-5460-2150 Korea +82-10-5265-3736 India +91-22-6602-8888 http://www.dow.com/coating NOTICE: No freedom from infringement of any patent owned by Dow or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location to another and may change with time, Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for Customer's use and for ensuring that Customer's workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and other government enactments. The product shown in this literature may not be available for sale and/or available in all geographies where Dow is represented. The claims made may not have been approved for use in all countries. Dow assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document. References to Dow or the Company mean the Dow legal entity selling the products to Customer unless otherwise expressly noted. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED. Page 10 of 10 PRIMAL WL-81 Emulsion / Dow Coating Materials 03/2015. Rev.0