Fitness Instructor Level 2 Anatomy and Physiology for Exercise Assessment Workbook IMPORTANT: YOU MUST COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING DETAILS BEFORE RETURNING THIS WORKBOOK TO LIFETIME Name of learner: Email address: I confirm this is all my own work. Signature: Date:
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK Contents Section 1 An introduction to your Practical Assessment Paperwork page 3 Section 2 The Circulatory System page 4 Section 3 The Respiratory System page 11 Section 4 The Skeletal System: Bones page 16 Section 5 The Skeletal System: Joints page 26 Section 6 The Muscular System page 32 Section 7 Energy Systems page 41 Section 8 The Nervous System page 43 Section 9 Assessment Decision and Assessor Feedback page 45 Section 10 Appendix page 48 2
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE An introduction to your Assessment Paperwork This assessment workbook assesses the following unit: Section 1 Level 2 anatomy and physiology for exercise What to do with this paperwork? You must answer ALL of the questions in full. If a question asks you to describe or explain something then detail will be required, if you are asked to list or summarise a briefer answer will do. YOU MUST ACHIEVE 100% ON ALL QUESTIONS TO PASS What do I do when I have completed this workbook? Once you have completed the workbook please refer to your Welcome Pack for details on how to submit it. If you are doing an apprenticeship your Regional Trainer will explain to you what you need to do next. What happens if I refer? If you answer any of the questions incorrectly you will receive feedback from your assessor. You will need to re-attempt these questions and submit them again for marking. You can re-attempt the questions as many times as you require. Certification You will receive your certificates for your qualification once all of your assessments have been completed, passed and checked by our Internal Quality Assurers. After checking it is possible that our Internal Quality Assurers may come back and request that you submit more evidence towards an assessment before you can be certificated. Complaints and appeals If you are doing an apprenticeship please refer to your Induction Workbook. If not you will find this information in your Welcome Pack. Support with your assessment There are a number of options available should you need to ask questions regarding your assessment. If you are doing an apprenticeship your Regional Trainer can help you. If attending a course your tutor will be happy to assist. After the course our Learner Services team can help with general questions but if you have a specific query about any of the more technical aspects they will refer you to one of our tutor team. If preparing for your assessment and contact us with as much notice as possible to ensure we can help with your query. Learner Services can be contacted at: Email: learnerservices@lifetimetraining.co.uk Phone: 0117 314 2804 3
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK Section 2 The Circulatory System 1. Describe the location of the heart in relation to the following structures: 1a. The lungs AC 1.1 1b. The sternum AC 1.1 1c. The diaphragm AC 1.1 2. Which of the following describes the position of the heart in the chest cavity? Circle the correct answer: AC 1.1 Entirely on the right-hand side Entirely on the left-hand side In the centre and angled to the right In the centre and angled to the left 4
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE 3. Describe the two main functions of the heart: AC 1.2 4. Identify the chambers and vessels of the heart by labelling the diagram below: AC 1.3/1.4 Section 2 5
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK 5. Complete the table below to show the following: AC 1.3/1.4 The correct flow of blood through the heart starting with the vena cava which is provided for you. You must include all of the structures that you have identified in the diagram above. A description of the function of each of the structures. You must identify where it receives blood from and transports it to, and whether it carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood. Structure: Function: Aorta Major artery that carries oxygenated blood to the tissues in body from the left ventricle 6
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE Section 2 6. Identify two different structures within the heart that prevent blood flowing in the wrong direction. AC 1.4 7. Describe systemic and pulmonary circulation: AC 1.5 7
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK 8. Complete the table to identify whether blood travelling through the arteries and veins is oxygenated or deoxygenated. AC 1.5 Circulation: Arteries Veins Systemic Pulmonary 9a. Describe two differences between the structure of arteries and veins: AC 1.6 9b. Describe two differences between the function of arteries and veins: AC 1.6 10a. What is the role of capillaries? AC 1.6 8
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE 10b. Describe two features of a capillary that enable them to perform their role effectively: AC 1.6 11. What is meant by the following terms? Blood pressure AC 1.7 Section 2 Systolic pressure Diastolic pressure Hypertension Hypotension 9
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK 12. Identify the ACSM guidelines for the following: 12a. Normal blood pressure: AC 1.8 12b. Hypertension: 10
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE Section 3 The Respiratory System 13a. How many lungs are there? AC 2.1 13b. The lungs are positioned either side of which organ? AC 2.1 13c. The base of the lungs sits above which muscle? AC 2.1 14. What is the function of the lungs? Provide your answer in full sentences. AC 2.2 Section 3 11
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK 15. Identify the structures within, or associated with the lungs by filling in the labels below: AC 2.3 12
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE 16. What shape are the lungs? AC 2.3 17. Describe the structure of the trachea in more detail: AC 2.3 18. Fill in the labels to identify the muscles involved in respiration: AC 2.4 Section 3 13
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK 19. Describe the passage of air during inhalation and exhalation: AC 2.5 20. What is residual volume and why is it important? AC 2.5 21a. Where in the lungs does gaseous exchange take place? AC 2.5 14
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE 21b. Describe three things that make this structure a good environment for gaseous exchange to take place: AC 2.3/2.6 22. Describe the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs during gaseous exchange: AC 2.3/2.6 Section 3 15
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK Section 4 The Skeletal System: Bones 23. Describe the five basic functions of the skeleton: 16
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE 24. Label the diagram of the skeleton to identify the location of the major bones in the body: AC 3.2/3.3 Section 4 17
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK 25. Complete the table below to identify whether the following bones form part of the axial or appendicular skeleton: Cranium Humerus, Vertebrae, Tarsals, Scapula, Pelvis, Sternum, Ribs AC 3.2/3.3 Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton 18
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE 26. Complete the table below to explain the classification of bones by: Identifying the five types of bone Providing an example of each Explaining their function. Type of bone Example Function Section 4 AC 3.4 19
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK 27. Label the diagram to identify the structures within a long bone: AC 3.5/4.2 20
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE 28. For each of the structures of the long bone you have identified in question 27, complete the table below to explain their structure in more detail: AC 3.5/4.2 Name of Structure Explanation 29. Explain two differences between the epiphysis and the diaphysis: AC 3.5/4.2 Section 4 21
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK 30. What is ossification and when does it begin? AC 3.6 31. Complete the table below to summarise the five stages of bone growth in your own words: AC 3.6 1. 2. 3 4. 5. 22
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE 32. Explain the role of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone remodelling: AC 3.6 33. Describe what is meant by the term neutral spine : AC 3.8 34. Label the diagram below to identify the regions of the spine AC 3.8 Section 4 23
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK 35. Where in the spine would you find the following natural curves: 35a. Lordotic: AC 3.7 35b. Kyphotic: AC 3.7 36. Identify the postural deviations shown in the pictures below: AC 3.7 a. b. c. d. 24
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE 37. Describe how each of the postural deviations in (36) affect the normal curvature of the spine: a. AC 3.7 b. AC 3.7 c. AC 3.7 d. AC 3.7 Section 4 38. Identify two groups of people who are most likely to have hyperlordosis: AC 3.7 25
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK Section 5 The Skeletal System: Joints 39. Complete the table below to describe the classification of joints. Include: The three types of joint classification An example of where the joint can be found Detail on their movement potential. AC 4.1 Classification of joint Where joint can be found Movement potential of joint 1. 2. 3. 26
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE 40. Label the diagram below to identify the structures within a synovial joint: AC 4.2 Section 5 5 1 2 6 3 7 4 8 1. 5. 2. 6. 3. 7. 4. 8. 27
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK 41. What is the difference between the attachment points of ligaments and tendons? AC 4.2 42. Describe the structure of the following: 42a. Synovial membrane: AC 4.2 42b. Articular cartilage: AC 4.3 43. Describe the movement potential and location for each of the synovial joints listed below: 43a. Gliding: AC 4.3 28
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE 43b. Pivot: AC 4.3 Section 5 43c. Ball and socket: AC 4.3 43d. Hinge: 44. Identify the joint actions below: AC 4.4 a. b. c. d. 29
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK 45. What joint actions are possible at the following joints: 45a. Spine: AC 3.7/4.4 45b. Ankle: AC 4.4 45c. Shoulder girdle: AC 4.4 46. Describe each of the following joint actions and give an example of a joint where this occurs: 46a. Flexion: AC 4.4 46b. Horizontal extension: AC 4.4 46c. Adduction: AC 4.4 30
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE 47a. Describe two physical changes, and their implications for exercise, when training young people (in the 14-16 age range): AC 6.1 Section 5 47b. Describe three physical changes, and their implications for exercise, when training antenatal and postnatal women: AC 6.1 47c. Describe three physical changes, and their implications for exercise, when training older people (50 plus): AC 6.1 31
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK Section 6 The Muscular System 48. Complete the table below to identify the following: The three types of muscle Their location in the body Whether they are under voluntary or involuntary control Their role in the body. AC 5.1/5.2 Types of muscle Location in the body Control Role 1. 2. 3. 49. Which types of muscle are striated in their appearance? AC 5.1/5.2 32
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE 50. Complete the table below to describe the structures of skeletal muscle: AC 5.3/5.4/5.5 Structure Fascia Description Fascicle Section 6 Muscle fibre Myofibril Sarcomere 33
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK 51a. Identify the muscles in the anterior of the body: 34
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE 51b. Identify the muscles in the posterior of the body: AC 5.3/5.4/5.5 Section 6 35
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK 52a. Describe the structure of the pelvic floor: AC 5.6 52b. Give two roles of the pelvic floor: AC 5.6 53. Describe the following terms: 53a. Agonist: AC 5.7 53b. Antagonist: AC 5.7 36
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE 53c. Synergist: AC 5.7 53d. Fixator: AC 5.7 Section 6 54. Name the agonist AND antagonist muscles during a dumb bell lateral raise exercise: AC 5.7 37
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK 55. Describe the different types of muscle action: 55a. Concentric: AC 5.7 55b. Eccentric: AC 5.7 55c. Isometric: AC 5.7 38
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE 56. Complete the table below to identify what joint actions each of the muscles create when they contract concentrically and eccentrically: AC 5.8 Muscle Joint actions during concentric phase Joint actions during eccentric phase Hip Flexors Quadriceps Section 6 Pectoralis major Rectus abdominis Tibialis anterior Gluteus maximus 39
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK 57. Identify the joint actions occurring in a lateral raise during the concentric and eccentric phase AC 5.8 58. Complete the table below to identify the different types of muscle and their characteristics AC 5.9 Muscle fibre types Characteristics (identify 3) 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 40
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE Section 7 Energy Systems 59. What is the only direct source of energy that can be used by the body? AC 7.1/7.2 60. What is the of role carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the production of energy? AC 7.1/7.2 Section 7 61. What nutrients or compounds can the following energy systems use to resynthesise energy? 61a. The aerobic system: AC 7.1/7.2 61b. The lactic acid system/anaerobic system : AC 7.1/7.2 41
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK 61c. The creatine phosphate system: AC 7.1/7.2 62. Explain the types of activity/exercise that each of the three energy systems will fuel? 62a. The aerobic system: AC 7.1/7.2 62b. The lactic acid system/anaerobic system : AC 7.1/7.2 62c. The creatine phosphate system: AC 7.1/7.2 42
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE Section 8 The Nervous System 63. Describe two roles of the nervous system? 1. AC 8.1/8.2 2. 64. What role does the nervous system play in making muscle actions occur? AC 8.2 65. What does a motor unit consist of? AC 8.2/8.3 Section 8 66. Describe the all or none law: AC 8.2/8.3 43
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK 67. What determines whether or not a contraction takes place within a motor unit? AC 8.2/8.3 68. Give two examples of factors that determine the strength of a muscle contraction: AC 8.2/8.3 69. Describe three adaptations that occur in the neuromuscular system with regular exercise that improve motor fitness: 1. AC 8.4 2. AC 8.4 3. AC 8.4 44
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE Anatomy and Physiology for Exercise Assessment Decision and Feedback This section will be completed by your assessor. Assessment Decision (Pass/Refer): I can confirm that the result given to the learner is based on a true reflection of the work seen and has been assessed for validity, authenticity, currency and sufficiency. Section 9 Assessor s signature Date What did you do very well? What could you improve / might you want to consider in future? What additional work is required from you in order to pass? I, the learner have received my feedback and am happy that I understand my result, strengths, weaknesses, and what actions, if any, are required from me to pass this assessment in future. Learner s signature Date 45
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK Notes 46
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE Notes Section 9 47
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK Section 10 Appendix Unit: Level 2 anatomy and physiology for exercise. Learning Outcome - The learner will: 1. Understand the structure and function of the circulatory system 2. Understand the structure and function of the respiratory system Learning Outcome - The learner will: 1.1 Identify the location of the heart 1.2 Describe the function of the heart 1.3 Describe the structure of the heart 1.4 Describe how blood moves through the four chambers of the heart 1.5 Describe systemic and pulmonary circulation 1.6 Describe the structure and functions of blood vessels 1.7 Define blood pressure 1.8 Identify blood pressure classifications 2.1 Identify the location of the lungs 2.2 Describe the function of the lungs 2.3 Describe the structure of the lungs 2.4 Identify the main muscles involved in breathing 2.5 Describe the passage of air through the respiratory tract 2.6 Describe the process of gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs 48
LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE 3. Understand the structure and function of the skeleton 3.1 Describe the basic functions of the skeleton 3.2 Identify the structures of the axial skeleton 3.3 Identify the structures of the appendicular skeleton 3.4 Explain the classification of bones 3.5 Explain the structure of long bone 3.6 Explain the stages of bone growth 3.7 Describe posture in terms of: curves of the spine neutral spine alignment potential ranges of motion of the spine postural deviations to include kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis and the effect of pregnancy 4. Understand joints in the skeleton 4.1 Describe the classification of joints 4.2 Describe the structure of synovial joints 4.3 Describe the types of synovial joints and their range of motion 4.4 Describe joint movement potential and joint actions 5. Understand the muscular system 5.1 Identify the three types of muscle tissue 5.2 Define the characteristics and functions of the three types of muscle tissue 5.3 Describe the basic structure of skeletal muscle 5.4 Name and locate the anterior skeletal muscles 5.5 Name and locate the posterior skeletal muscles 5.6 Describe the structure and function of the pelvic floor muscles 5.7 Describe the different types of muscle action 5.8 Identify the joint actions brought about by specific muscle group contractions 5.9 Identify skeletal muscle fibre types and their characteristics Section 10 49
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK 6. Understand the life-course of the musculoskeletal system and its implications for special populations exercise 7. Understand energy systems and their relation to exercise 8. Understand the nervous system and its relation to exercise 6.1 Describe the life-course of the musculoskeletal system, including relevant tendon, ligament, muscle, joint and bone mineral density changes, and their implications for exercise, plus specific implications for working with: young people in the 14-16 age range antenatal and postnatal women older people (50 plus) 7.1 Describe how carbohydrates, fats and proteins are used in the production of energy/adenosine triphosphate 7.2 Explain the use of the three energy systems during aerobic and anaerobic exercise 8.1 Describe the role and functions of the nervous system 8.2 Describe the principles of muscle contraction 8.3 Describe the all or none law /motor unit recruitment 8.4 Describe how exercise can enhance neuromuscular connections and improve motor fitness 50
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