The Skeletal System. Functions of the Skeletal System

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1 Skeletal System

3 The Skeletal System Functions of the Skeletal System Provide support Protect internal organs Allows your body to move Stores and produced materials that your body needs You have 206 bones in your body Babies have more WHY?

4 Compact Bone Compact bone makes up the outer layer of all bones. Although it looks dense and solid, It is full of holes for nerves and blood vessels. Spongy Bone Spongy bone contains flat and needlelike structures that resist stress. Red bone marrow may fill the open spaces in some bones. Outer Membrane An outer membrane covers most of a long bone. The inner portion of a membrane contains cells that build up and breakdown bone. Central Cavity Central cavities in long bones usually contain yellow bone marrow (fat).

5 Vocabulary Complete vocabulary on Page 2 Example Joint A point in which to bone come together to allowed movement Ball and socket located at the hip

6 5 types of JOINTS in your body Immovable Joint Allows NO MOVEMENT Hinge Joint Allows for BENDING AND STRAIGHTENING

7 Ball and Socket Joint Allows movement in a ALL DIRECTIONS Pivot Joint Allows movement SIDE TO SIDE Gliding Joint Allows movement in many directions

8 Possible activities Bones relay Egg and vinegar Q-tip skeleton TEST WEDNESDAY Page 1 thru 3 in packet» NO NOTES

9 Muscular System

10 What connects our bones an muscles together??? Ligaments = Connects BONE to BONE Tendon = Connects MUSCLE to BONE Cartilage = PROTECTS the ends of the bones and allows them to move

11 Types of muscles Smooth Muscle = Involuntary muscles that you DO NOT have direct control over Cardiac Muscle = Involuntary muscle only found in the HEART Skeletal Muscle = Voluntary muscles that you CAN control to do activity

12 The Muscular System Hamstrings

13 How muscles work All muscles do work by contracting, or becoming shorter and thicker. Many skeletal muscles work in pairs. One muscle in the pair contracts to move the bone in one direction. Then, the other muscle in the pair contracts to move the bone back

14 Muscle Pairs Bicep contracts Tricep relaxes Bicep relaxes Tricep contracts Activity on page 273 teachers addition

15 Nervous System

16 What is the Nervous System? Your nervous system receives information about what is going on inside and outside of your body. Then it processes the information and forms a response to it. The basic unit of the nervous system is a type of cell called a neuron

17 The MASTER ORGAN

18 Brain 2. Spinal Cord 3. Peripheral Nerves

19 Nervous System Is Divided into Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Includes Two Divisions Brain Spinal Cord Sensory Motor Three Regions Two Groups Cerebrum Brain Stem Autonomic Somatic Cerebellum Regulates breathing Signals Skeletal muscles

20 Activities Muscle relay Mix messages (page 281) Find the letter Read this paragraph Ring a Bell (page 279 Teacher edition) The Concussion Crisis article

21 Mixed Messages Page 281

22 Quiz Tomorrow Muscular system and Nervous system Be able to label muscles Know the functions and parts of nervous system NO NOTES

23 Cardiovascular System

24 Blood is blue in color when is it NOT carrying oxygen. MYTH FACT Blood is bright red when it is carrying oxygen and dark red when it is not. Veins appear blue because of the way light reflects from skin.

25 Functions of the Cardiovascular System Delivering materials Your heart continually pups blood in your blood vessels throughout your body Example blood picks up glucose from your digestive system and brings it to cells that need energy Removing wastes It transports waste from your cells Example - transports carbon dioxide to the lungs to be exhaled Fighting Disease blood contains cells that fight disease and seal cuts

26 The 3 main parts of The Cardiovascular System The Heart The Blood Vessels Blood

27 Blood Flow through the Heart Lungs The right side of the system deals with deoxygenated blood. The left side of the system deals with oxygenated blood. Body cells Body Cells

28 Page 293 Right Atrium Left Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle

Your Heart Beat The action of the heart has two main phases. In the first phase, the heart relaxes and the atria fill with blood. In the second phase, the heart contracts and pumps blood.

29 Your Heart Beat The action of the heart has two main phases. In the first phase, the heart relaxes and the atria fill with blood. In the second phase, the heart contracts and pumps blood. The rate at which your heart muscles contract is regulated by the pacemaker, a small group of cells in the wall of the right atrium. Average heart rate varies from one person to the next and from one situation to the next.

30 Taking your Pulse

31 Blood Vessels Your heart pumps blood through an extensive network of blood vessels. The three main types of blood vessels in your body are Arteries Capillaries Veins Complete page 11 using your book

32 Arteries Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart Most arteries carry oxygen-rich blood The largest artery in the body is the aorta Arteries have thick walls that are both strong and flexible.

33 Layer of cells Smooth muscle Connective tissue

34 Capillaries Branching from the smallest arteries are capillaries, the smallest blood vessels in your body. As blood flows through the capillaries, oxygen and dissolved nutrients diffuse through the capillary walls and into your body s cells.

35 Veins From the capillaries, blood flows into small blood vessels that join together to form veins. Veins are large, thin-walled blood vessels that carry blood to the heart.

36 Blood vessels Capillary Vein Capillary Cross Section Single Layer of cells Layer of cells Smooth muscle Connective tissue

38 The average adult has about 4 to 6 quarts of blood circulating through his or her blood vessels. The four components of blood are Plasma White Blood Cells Red Blood Cells Platelets Blood

39 Plasma The liquid component of the blood is called plasma This straw-colored liquid makes up about 55 percent of the blood. Plasma is mostly water, with substances such as nutrients, hormones, and salts dissolved in it.

40 Red Blood Cells The cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to all the parts of your body are red blood cells. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which is an iron-containing substance to which oxygen binds

41 White Blood Cells White blood cells help protect you against diseases and foreign substances Some white blood cells make chemicals that help your body resist diseases such as cancer. Others destroy invading microorganisms by surrounding and consuming them.

42 Platelets are cell fragments that play an important role in the blood clotting process When you get a cut, platelets stick to the edges of the cut and release proteins called clotting factors.

43 Respiratory System

44 The Respiratory System is responsible for bringing oxygen from the outside environment into the body It also removes carbon dioxide from the body

45 This is the Respiratory System 7. Label the parts of the Respiratory System and its purpose Page 307

46 The pathway of Air Using page 306 in the book complete the top of page 13 in the packet

47 What it looks like Blood rich in carbon dioxide Blood rich in oxygen Capillary

48 How Gas is Exchanged At the end of the smallest tubes in the lungs are millions of tiny sacs that look like bunches of grapes These sacs, called alveoli are where gases are exchanged between the air and the blood.

49 The Breathing Process Inhalation The volume in the lung increase and the air flows in Function» Rib cage moves up and out» The Diaphragm contracts and flattens Exhalation The volume of the lungs decreases, and the air is pulled out Functions» The rib cage returns to its original position» The Diaphragm relaxes and moves upward

50 Quiz Tomorrow Cardiovascular system and Respiratory system Be able to label the respiratory system Know information from your packet about the cardiovascular and respiratory system NO NOTES

Section 12.1 Your Cardiovascular System

Section 12.1 Your Cardiovascular System Objectives Describe the main functions of the cardiovascular system. Trace the pathway of blood through the heart. Identify three types of blood vessels and the four components of blood. Slide 1 of 31