Bleeding During Pregnancy

Bleeding During Pregnancy

Eyal Sheiner Editor Bleeding During Pregnancy A Comprehensive Guide

Editor Eyal Sheiner, MD, PhD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Health Sciences Soroka University Medical Center Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel sheiner@bgu.ac.il ISBN 978-1-4419-9809-5 e-isbn 978-1-4419-9810-1 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9810-1 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011929988 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Acknowledgments Pregnancy-related bleeding is a clinical challenge. Obstetrical morbidity associated with bleeding is significant. Accordingly, I was pleased to have the opportunity to participate in the creation of this book and invite some of the world s experts on this topic to share their experience and knowledge. I thank all of the authors for their excellent chapters. I am most appreciative of their work. As always, the support of my beloved family was crucial and unwavering. The book is dedicated to my mother, Zehava Sheiner (1945 2010), who passed away unexpectedly during the process of editing the book. Beer-Sheva, Israel Eyal Sheiner v

Contents Part I Introduction to Bleeding During Pregnancy 1 Clinical Approach to Pregnancy-Related Bleeding... 3 Nardin Aslih and Asnat Walfisch Part II Bleeding During Early Pregnancy 2 Early Pregnancy Loss... 25 Adi Y. Weintraub and Eyal Sheiner 3 Ectopic Pregnancy............................................ 45 Avi Harlev, Arnon Wiznitzer, and Eyal Sheiner 4 Vaginal Bleeding and Gestational Trophoblastic Disease... 65 Lisa M. Barroilhet, Donald Peter Goldstein, and Ross S. Berkowitz 5 Gynecological Cancer During Pregnancy... 77 Kristel Van Calsteren and Frédéric Amant Part III Bleeding During the Second Half of Pregnancy 6 Vaginal Bleeding and Preterm Delivery.......................... 99 Offer Erez, Idit Erez-Weiss, Ruth Beer-Weisel, Vered Kleitman-Meir, and Moshe Mazor 7 Placental Abruption.......................................... 119 Cande V. Ananth and Wendy L. Kinzler 8 Placenta Previa and Placenta Accreta............................ 135 Yinka Oyelese and Joseph C. Canterino vii

viii Contents 9 Vasa Previa.............................................. 151 Ashwin R. Jadhav and Eran Bornstein 10 Uterine Rupture.......................................... 159 Sharon R. Sheehan and Deirdre J. Murphy Part IV Bleeding After Delivery 11 Postpartum Hemorrhage................................... 179 Rachel Pope, Iris Ohel, Gershon Holcberg, and Eyal Sheiner Part V Coagulopathy and Intensive Care 12 Coagulopathy and Pregnancy............................... 199 Scott Dunkley 13 Anesthesia and Intensive Care Management of Bleeding During Pregnancy... 217 Jennifer A. Taylor and Felicity Plaat Index... 245

Contributors Frédéric Amant, MD, PhD Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Cande V. Ananth, PhD, MPH Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Nardin Aslih, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, The Technion University Medical School, Haifa, Israel Lisa M. Barroilhet, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Ruth Beer-Weisel, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel Ross S. Berkowitz, MD Brigham and Women s Hospital, New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Boston, MA, USA Eran Bornstein, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA Joseph C. Canterino, MD, FACOG Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ, USA; UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA Scott Dunkley, MD Institute of Haemotology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia Offer Erez, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology B, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel ix

x Contributors Idit Erez-Weiss, Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel Donald Peter Goldstein, MD Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Avi Harlev, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel Gershon Holcberg, MD Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel Ashwin R. Jadhav, MD, MS Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Wendy L. Kinzler, MD Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SUNY Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA Vered Kleitman-Meir, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel Moshe Mazor, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel Deirdre J. Murphy, MD, MRCOG Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, and Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland Iris Ohel, MD Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel Yinka Oyelese, MD, MRCOG Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ, USA; UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA Felicity Plaat, BA, MBBS, FRCA Queen Charlotte s and Chelsea Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia, Hammersmith House, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK Rachel Pope, MPH Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

Contributors xi Sharon R. Sheehan, MD, MRCPI, MRCOG Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland Eyal Sheiner, MD, PhD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel Jennifer A. Taylor, MBChB, FANZCA Queen Charlotte s and Chelsea Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia, Hammersmith House, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK Kristel Van Calsteren, MD, PhD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Asnat Walfisch, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, The Technion University Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Haifa, Israel Adi Y. Weintraub, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel Arnon Wiznitzer, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel