Situation of AI in Egypt Prof. Dr. Mona M. Aly Director of Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI-NLQP) Dokki, Giza., Egypt
Topics 1- Current situation 2- Egyptian AI control strategy 3- Achievements 4- Needs 5- Lessons learned from Egyptian experience
AI situation in farms and backyard (2006 2007 2008 ) (4) LBM & (4) shops & ( 3) check points backyard farm 247 81 23 35 2008 2007 226 845 2006 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
Positive cases for AI from February 2006 till May 2008 Positive cases for AI from February 2006 till May 2008 1000 900 800 700 600 500 farms and backyard 621 last infected farm positive cases in backyard 15 farms 20 farms at December 15 farms at January 5 farms at February 400 300 200 100 0 212 193 2006 2007 4 LBM 26 10 1 4 8 2 10 28616060 201013 9 5 1 2 1 4068 1911 5 1 february march april may june july augst september october november december january february march april may june july augst september october november december january february march april may months 2006 2007 2008 no. of positive cases
Risk factors associated with AI in Egypt Migratory birds flyways. Some random & condensed poultry farms, Lack of biosecurity. Extensive backyard & rooftops Live bird Markets & shops No geographical borders between the Egyptian governorates that affect movement control. Capacity of slaughter houses cover about 50% of our production. The situation of AI in neighboring countries is unknown
HPAI Control Strategy 1. Public Awareness. 2. Compensation. 3. Surveillance. 4. Vaccination and vaccine production. 5. Strengthen Quarantine measures and Movement control. 6. Restructure of Poultry production (Poultry farms census with appropriate identification and capacity system).
HPAI Control Strategy 7. Enforce veterinary services (GOVS) and national lab. (NLQP) (Extra man power, training, equipment and improving the provincial labs. of NLQP. 8. Establishment of AI free compartments. 9. Strong regulatory (legislation) support.
Achievements Before recording AI (2003-2006) 2006) AI National surveillance in commercial farms, backyard and wild birds Awareness campaign ( one day workshops for all stockholders in governorates ) Training of lab personnel in international reference lab Accreditation of NLQP lab (ISO 17025)
Political commitment at highest level On December 2005, the Egyptian president Hosny Mubarak held a ministerial meeting to review the preparedness plan for prevention and control of avian influenza Establishment of avian influenza Steering Committee leaded by the prime minister and membership of the relevant ministers and the governors to formulate a control strategy against AI. Establishment of avian influenza National Committee ( MOALR Establishment of avian influenza ( MOALR MOH - MOE MOI - MOLD and civil aviation) to implement the contingency plan against AI. The government is resolved to take effective action and mobilize e resources to protect Egypt from the eminent danger of avian influenza.
Egypt Started Avian Influenza surveillance since 2003
Avian Influenza Survey (Jun, 2003- Feb, 2006) Species Sample type Total Serum Swabs Chicken 13232 2279 15511 Turkey 142 103 245 Ducks 169 387 556 Geese 2 64 66 Ostrich 43 37 80 Swan - 10 10 Pigeon 19 53 72 Quail 44 41 85 Wild birds 1305 14900 16205 Total 14956 17874 32830
AI isolates from wild birds Type of bird Chinese Geese Wild Duck Black kite Guinea Fowl White stork Place of collection South Sinai Fayoum South Sinai South Sinai South Sinai Results LPAI H7 LPAI H6N2 LPAI H7N7 LPAI H7 LPAI H6N2 Confirmation of these isolates in OIE reference labs.
After recording AI (February 2006) Activities of NLQP : Achievements 1. First record of AI in Egypt. 2. Establishment of 3 satellite labs. 3. Establishment of Gene Analysis Unit. 4. The lab. test more than 466,620 samples from backyard flocks, commercial poultry flocks, zoo birds and pigs during passive and active surveillance activities where 1426 positive foci.
Achievements Training for African, Asian and Arab veterinarians in cooperation with FAO, IAEA and Arab League on diagnosis of AI. Compensation for commercial sectors (150 million Egyptian pounds). Backyard flocks Vaccination free of charge (250 million doses). Compartmentalization for major commercial farms sector I and II. AI task force from (GOVS and Regional labs).
Legislation in response to AI outbreaks Minister of agriculture formulate avian influenza Technical Committee at MOALR to regulate, monitor and evaluate the efforts of AI control in Egypt in 2006 and accordingly a number of ministerial decrees have been issued. Local Committee for control of AI in each governorate where setup and are headed by local governors.
Training Training of lab. personnel in the international reference laboratories in the field of molecular characterization of HPAI, challenge studies. Training of veterinarians from satellites labs in 3 governorates ( Luxor, El- Dakahlia, El- Fayoum). 4200 Veterinarians working in the veterinary directorates and provisional labs from different governorates. 200 Private veterinarians working in poultry industry. 90 Veterinarians from Arab, Asian and African countries In cooperation with Arab League, NLQP organize a training course e for 16 veterinarians from 8 Arab nations during the period of 11-20 May, 2008.
Public awareness campaigns Aim for = immediate reporting in case of bird deaths = Improve biosecurity measures Public awareness through all types of Media especially T.V channels, newspaper, posters, booklets, flyers and circulars
Public awareness campaigns One day workshops for raising awareness for more than 22,500 trainees from different relevant authorities: The Ministry of Social Solidarity and NGOS. The Ministry of the Interior. Religious men. The Ministry of Health and Population. The Ministry of the Environment. The Ministry of Local Development. The Ministry of Education ( Agricultural Education ) Shura Council. Agricultural extension from agricultural directorates from different governorates.
Religious men Training and awareness Program Shura Council Media The Ministry of the Interior
FLIERS
Needs
1- Urgent needs to strengthen AI control efforts High biosecurity level lab ( BSL3) and animal house facilities. Secure fund for : 1. Compensation of backyard flock owners 2. Mass vaccination of backyard flocks ( 600 million doses per year) 3. Establishment of network between laboratories and veterinary authorities 4. Strengthen the infrastructure of the local veterinary authorities in governorates 5. Sustainable surveillance 6. Sustainable public awareness campaigns
2- Long term needs Reform of poultry industry : - Establishment of slaughter houses and cold chains. - Improve commercial farms sector III Improve biosecurity and rearing Practices of backyard flocks. Sustainable compensation policy
Lessons Learned From Egyptian Experience Importance of : Political commitment at the highest level Co-operation operation between AI related authorities Integrated Government strategy Transparency in reporting influenza cases in human and animals Capacity of slaughter houses
Lessons Learned From Egyptian Experience Working in a complementary manner with appropriate support of key multilateral organizations Immediate sharing of epidemiological data and samples with the OIE, FAO,WHO Strengthening the animal health system at central and local levels. Immediate response upon risks & suspicions International cooperation to protect the lives and health of our people
I hope to see you in Sharm El-Sheikh International Ministerial Conference on Avian and Pandemic Influenza From 24 to 26 October 2008