Platyhelminthes. BIO2135 Animal Form and Function. Page 1. Extant Animalia ~1,300,000 species. Platyhelminthes An acoelomate triploblast.

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Transcription:

An acoelomate triploblast Extant Animalia ~1,300,000 species Parazoa (1.2%) Radiata (0.9%) Protostomia (3.9%) Platyzoa (2.2%) (1.9%) Others (0.3%) Lophotrochozoa (9.8%) (8.5%) (0.9%) Others (0.5%) Ecdysozoa (82.0%) Crustecea (3.1%) Chelicerata (7.6%) Atelocerata(70.3%) http://www.aucklandmuseum.com/site_resources/leslie_s_flatworm.jpg 1 Others (1.1%) Deuterostomia (4.0%) (3.5%) Others (0.4%) 2 Animal innovations (Symplesiomorphies) Triploblastic Mesodermal musculature Body plans Diploblastic, 9100 Acoelomates, 20900 Eucoelomates, 1135058 Pseudocoelomates, 15420 4 Bilateria (Autapomorphy) Bilateral symmetry Symmetry types Radial Biradial Bilateral 6 Page 1

Basic animal body symmetries Asymmetric Radial Bilateral Assymetric Radial Bilateral 7 Protostomia (autapomorphy) Blastopore is mouth, Paired ventral nerve cord Apical brain. Syndermata Protostomes vs deuterostomes Blastopore (Gastrulation) Protostomes Blastopore mouth Spiral cleavage Schizocoely Deuterostomes Blastopore anus Radial cleavage Enterocoley Ectoderm Blastocoel Endoderm Blastopore 9 10 Types of cleavage Enterocoelous coelom Spiral cleavage Radial cleavage Ectoderm Endoderm Mesoderm 11 12 Page 2

Schizocoelous coelom Some advantages of a body cavity Space for organ system to enlarge Fluid that can be used for transport Acts as a hydrostatic skeleton Gut can move independent of body wall Ectoderm Endoderm Mesoderm 13 14 Protostome taxa 1 Platyzoa 2 Lophotrochozoa 3 Ecdysozoa 3 2 1 Spiralia (Autapomorphy) Spiral cleavage Syndermata Platyzoa Autapomorphy) Loss of coelom, Acoelomate or pseudocoelom Loss of metanephridia, and circulatory system Syndermata Body plans Diploblastic, 9100 Acoelomates, 20900 Eucoelomates, 1135058 Pseudocoelomates, 15420 18 Page 3

(Autapomorphy) Incomplete gut Complex reproductive system associated with hermaphrodism Planaria - free living 20 Digestive system Reproductive system Monoecious - hermaphrodite Ovary Oviduct Yolk gland Pharynx Diverticulum Seminal receptacle Genital openings Testis Sperm duct Seminal vesicle Penis 21 22 Planarian body wall Body wall Epidermis Circular muscle Parenchyma Cilia Longitudinal muscle Dorsoventral muscle Rhabdite Gland cell Cilia 23 24 Page 4

Dual gland adhesive system Anchor cell Rhabdite Releaser gland Adhesive gland Nervous system Lateral nerve cord Connectives Cerebral ganglion Cilium Eye cup Auricle 25 26 Brain Pigmented eye cups Auricle Cerebral ganglion Paired nerve cords Retinular cell Light sensitive region Pigment cup 27 28 Excretory system Protonephridia Excretory system - protonephridia (Flame cell) Flame cell Cilia Tube cell Tubule 29 30 Page 5

Syncytial tegument (endoparasites) Microtrix Syncytial zone Basement membrane Circular muscle Longitudinal muscle Cytoplasmic extensions Cell body Fasciola Ovary Sperm ducts Anterior testis Posterior testis Genital atrium Uterus Ootype (Mehlis gland) Yolk gland Vitelline ducts 31 32 Fasciola life cycle Egg Miracidium (Free living) Sporocysts Tapeworm - Scolex and proglottids Rostellum Rostellar hooks Adult Sheep Snail Redia (2 Generations) Sucker Neck Metacercaria Cercaria (Free living) Newest proglottid 33 BIO 3334 Invertebrate Zoology 34 Tapeworm proglottid Tapeworm life cycle Testes Uterus Sperm duct Seminal receptacle Mehlis gland (Ootype) Ovary Yolk gland Invaginated cysticercus Cysts Cysticercus 35 36 Page 6

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