KIDSPIRATION by Riedell
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1 WORM DISSECTION
2 KIDSPIRATION by Riedell
3 CLASSIFICATION Kingdom: Phylum: ANIMALIA Annelida little rings Class: OLIGOCHAETA few bristles
4 SETA (plural: setae) BRISTLES on VENTRAL surface
5 SETAE- Provide traction
6 Segmentation Compartments allow individual parts to move independently Damage insurance BIODIDAC If one section is damaged, others can still function
7 Cartoon by: Gary Larson
8 WHICH END IS WHICH? Image by Riedell/VanderWal 2005 CLITELLUM = ring Doesn t go all the way around Closest to anterior end Makes mucous for reproduction
9 2 opening digestive system Image by Riedell/VanderWal 2005 Image by Riedell/VanderWal 2005 MOUTH ANUS Prostomium covers/protects mouth opening senses light/dark, chemicals (food), vibration
10 EXTERNAL STRUCTURES PROSTOMIUM
11 EXTERNAL STRUCTURES DORSAL BLOOD VESSEL CAMOUFLAGE
12 CUTICLE (non-cellular protective layer)
13 RESPIRATORY No respiratory organs Skin must stay moist for gas exchange Glands produce mucous
14 SURVIVING HOT DRY CONDITIONS Worms tunnel deeper into the soil Roll into a ball Cover themselves with mucous Slow their body functions down Suspended animation = ESTIVATION Wait for conditions to improve
15 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Earthworms are hermaphrodites HAVE BOTH MALE & FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS in same worm
16 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OVARIES make eggs TESTES- make sperm
17 EXTERNAL STRUCTURES MALE GENITAL PORE- releases sperm to give away FEMALE GENITAL PORE- releases eggs OPENINGS to SEMINAL RECEPTACLES- receive sperm from other worms when trade
18 EXTERNAL STRUCTURES Image by Riedell/VanderWal 2005 SPERM GROOVE- carries sperm from MALE GENITAL PORE down to CLITELLUM
19 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Earthworms are HERMAPHRODITES BUT... DON T fertilize themselves!
20 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION Produce COCOONS made of MUCOUS and CHITIN (tough carbohydrate)
21 Animated images from: DIRECT DEVELOPMENT Earthworms produce between 4-70 cocoons per year. Each cocoon may contain 2-20 embryos. Baby worms hatch after a few weeks
22 LOOK INSIDE
23 COELOM = space around organs Image by Riedell/Vanderwal 2005
24 INTERNAL STRUCTURES EUCOELOMATES true coelom
25 SEPTUM (pl. SEPTA) Dividing walls separate coelom into compartments Image by Riedell/Vanderwal 2005 Image from: BIODIDAC
26 SKELETAL hydrostatic skeleton Fluid in coelom protects organs and provides support
27 EXCRETORY SYSTEM Collect & excrete NITROGEN WASTE Osmoregulation NEPHRIDIUM EXCRETORY TUBULES pl. NEPHRIDIA
28 INTERNAL STRUCTURES
29 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM SEMINAL VESICLES Image by Riedell/Vanderwal 2005 STORE SPERM MADE BY WORM TO GIVE AWAY TO OTHERS
30 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Image by Riedell/Vanderwal 2005 SEMINAL RECEPTACLES Store sperm received from other worms during sex
31 CLOSED circulatory system DORSAL BLOOD VESSEL VENTRAL BLOOD VESSEL
32 DORSAL BLOOD VESSEL Images by Riedell/VanderWal 2005 Image by Riedell/Vanderwal 2005
33 5 AORTIC ARCHES act as heart to pump blood Image Image by by Riedell/Vanderwal Riedell/Vanderwal 2005
34 Image from:
35 INTERNAL STRUCTURES
36 PHARYNX Image by Riedell/Vanderwal 2005 Muscular tube pulls in food PHARYNX
37 INTERNAL STRUCTURES Image by Riedell/Vanderwal 2005 CROP-stores food waiting to be digested GIZZARD- grind and mash food
38 INTESTINE- absorbs nutrients Images by Riedell/Vanderwal 2005 ADAPTATIONS for getting nutrients out of SOIL 1. REALLY LONG INTESTINEso food spends long time passing through 2. TYPHLOSOLE- ridge inside increases surface area for more absorption
39 increases surface area so more nutrients are absorbed TYPHLOSOLE Ridge inside intestine
40 TYPHLOSOLE inside intestine Image by Riedell/Vanderwal 2005
41 Earthworms play an important role in soil fertility "...it may be doubted if there are any other animals which have played such an important part in the history of the world as these lowly organized creatures." ~ Charles Darwin intestines of the earth ~ Aristotle Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots can grow more easily
42 Image by: Riedell/Vanderwal 2005 UNDERNEATH DIGESTIVE SYSTEM VENTRAL NERVE CORD (nerves usually white) VENTRAL BLOOD VESSEL (usually dark)
43 REMEMBER embryo orientation is flipped in vertebrates and invertebrates! Images modified from:
44 BODY PLANS are also flipped! Most INVERTEBRATES have a DORSAL HEART & a VENTRAL NERVE CORD ALL VERTEBRATES have a DORSAL NERVE CORD & a VENTRAL HEART.
45 GANGLIA= nerve center If in located in head and acting as brain = CEREBRAL GANGLIA
46 MUSCULAR SYSTEM Image from: Diversity/Protostomes/mollusks.htm#Chelicerates%20(subphylum%20Chelicerata
47 Image from:
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