Your Body's Defenses For follow up on these notes read: Holt: pages 710 720 MSLS: pages 410 420 Blue writing indicates a video is linked to the picture. Click the pictures! Links to Videos are listed on the last slide Nov 12 10:17 PM 1
Infectious Disease An abnormal condition caused by pathogens that negatively affects an organism and can be passed from one person to another. "Infection" Pathogen A bacteria, virus, fungus, protist, or parasite that causes disease. Nov 12 7:38 PM 2
Prokaryotes Alive! Bacteria Will grow and reproduce in good environments such as dark, moist, warm places like in a cut or inside your gut! Many pathogenic bacteria make toxins as the grow which can poison your cells. Some attack your cells directly for food or shelter. E. coli Salmonella Nov 12 7:46 PM 3
Virus A bundle of genetic instruction (RNA or DNA) packaged in a capsule. Not Alive! Goal of virus is to enter a cell and force the cell to follow the genetic instructions which are to start making copies of the virus! The cell dies when many new virus particles explode the cell to escape and attack more cells. Smallpox Flu Virus Ebola Nov 12 8:11 PM 4
Fungi, Protist, Parasite Eukaryotes Use host for food, shelter, or reproduction. fungus Protist Parasite Nov 12 8:45 PM 5
Pathway of Pathogens How do they get to us? Air Borne Contaminated Object Person to Person Contact Contact with Animals Dirty Food or Water Nov 13 11:45 AM 6
Skin First Line of Defense Mucus Stomach Acid Enzymes Nov 12 10:08 PM 7
Second Line of Defense The Immune System The organs and tissues with the function of recognizing and destroying foreign invaders to your body. Spleen Lymph Nodes White Blood Cells Antibodies Nov 12 7:26 PM 8
White Blood Cells Cells that patrol the body. Attacks and destroys anything that is not recognized as cells from the body. Nov 12 9:07 PM 9
Macrophage "big eater" destroys pathogen by engulfing and digesting them. A macrophage catches and eats bacteria! Nov 12 8:59 PM 10
B Cells white blood cell that identifies pathogens. produces antibodies to aid macrophages and T Cells in destroying the pathogen. Antibody A protein that attaches to the cell membrane or surface of a pathogen, disabling the pathogen and marking it for destruction. Antibodies remain in blood for many years after infection. Nov 12 9:15 PM 11
T Cells white blood cell that destroys antibody marked cells. T Cells attack cancer T Cell destroys virus infected cell. Nov 12 9:36 PM 12
Immunity The ability to resist or quickly fight off disease by having antibodies and immune cells "pre trained" to recognize a pathogen. Nov 12 9:57 PM 13
Other tools in the fight against pathogens. Pasteurization Heating food or drinks until bacteria and viruses are destroyed. Antibiotic A substance that kills bacteria (sometimes effective against fungus and other parasites) or slows their growth enough for your immune system to get the upper hand. Doesn't work on viruses! Not alive, and in in cells. Vaccine A dead or very weak pathogen introduced to the body so the immune system builds a defense against the organism creating immunity. Nov 12 9:45 PM 14
Challenges to the Immune System Allergies Auto Immune Diseases Nov 12 10:15 PM 15
Challenges to the Immune System Cancer HIV/AIDS Nov 16 9:16 AM 16
Nov 12 10:06 PM 17
Links for the videos: E. Coli https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwvhgvisims&feature=youtu.be Salmonella http://link.hhmi.org/services/player/bcpid1876525637001? bckey=aq~~,aaaarzfa_pe~,d1 qx58jeri2jgitjbc_zbpvdgxtuaq&bctid=2117 083969001 The Flu Attacks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kw5otvcmzqg Fungus and the Ant https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xukjbibbal8 Macrophage chases the bacteria https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jnlulojuhsq T Cell's and their lethal proteins https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ntk8xsxvdi0 T Cell killing a virus infected cell http://www.cellsalive.com/ctl.htm Cancer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ieuanxfvxkc Nov 12 10:21 PM 18