Current Topics in Membranes, Volume 43 Membrane Protein- Cytoskeleton Interaction s Edited by W. James Nelson
Contributors xii i Preface xvii Previous Volumes in Series xix CHAPTER 1 Getting There Is Only Half the Fu n Michael Edidin I. Introduction 1 II. A Baseline for Lateral Diffusion of Membran e Proteins 2 III. Lateral Diffusion in Biological Membranes 4 IV. Constraints to the Lateral Diffusion Coefficient (D) 4 V. Molecular Clustering as a Consequence of Latera l Diffusion 6 VI. Barriers to Lateral Diffusion (Membrane Domains) 8 VII. Particle Tracking, Particle Dragging, and Membran e Domains 9 VIII. Conclusion 1 0 References 1 1 CHAPTER 2 Once There, Making the Decision to Stay or Leav e Kenneth A. Beck and W. James Nelson I. Introduction 1 5 II. Does the Spectrin-Based Membrane Skeleton Hav e Properties of a Protein Sorting Machine? 1 6 III. Formation of Membrance Domains and Protein Sorting at the Level of the Plasma Membrane 1 8 IV. Formation of Membrane Domains and Protein-Sorting a t the Level of the Golgi Complex 2 0 V. The Membrane Skeleton as a Protein Sortin g Machine 21 References 23
CHAPTER 3 Interactions between Microtubules and Intracellula r Membranes: The Roles of Microtubule-Based Motors and Accessory Proteins Trina A. Schroer and Steven R. Gill I. Introduction 27 II. The Microtubule Substrate 28 III. Microtubule-Based Motors 3 0 IV. Microtubules in Membrane Localization an d Dynamics 3 8 V. The Membrane-Microtubule Interface 4 2 VI. Summary 44 References 44 CHAPTER 4 Role of the Cytoskeleton and Molecular Motors i n Transport between the Golgi Complex and Plasma Membrane Karl R. Fath and David R. Burgess I. Introduction 53 II. MT-Based Molecular Motors 5 4 III. Orientation of the MT Cytoskeleton Relative to Membrane Compartments 55 IV. Role of MTs and MT-Based Molecular Motors in Golgito-PM Transport : Three Case Studies 5 6 V. Role of Actin Filaments and Unconventional Myosins i n Membrane Movements 6 0 VI. Multiple Motor Proteins Are Associated with Single Cytoplasmic Vesicles 64 VII. Conclusions 6 6 References 67 CHAPTER 5 Membrane-Cytoskeleton Interaction in Regulate d Exocytosis and Apical Insertion of Vesicles i n Epithelial Cells Xuebiao Yao and John G. Forte I. Introduction 7 3 II. The Brush Border Cytoskeleton 7 5 III. Asymmetric Structure of Epithelial Cells and Polarized Exocytosis in Epithelial Cells 79
IV. Functional Role of Cytoskeleton in Polarize d Secretion 8 1 V. Summary 90 References 91 CHAPTER 6 The Spectrin Cytoskeleton and Organization of Polarized Epithelial Cell Membranes Prasad Devarajan and Jon S. Morro w I. The Erythrocyte Paradigm 9 7 II. Unexpected Cytoskeletal Diversity in Epithelial Cells 98 III. A Model for the Cytoskeleton in Polarized Epithelia 11 1 IV. Role of Cell-Cell Contact in Establishing Spectrin Polarity 11 2 V. The Spread of Spectrin: A Vesicular Membrane Skeleton 11 3 VI. Assembly of Spectrin and Ankyrin in Epithelia l Cells 11 6 References 11 8 CHAPTER T Axonal Ankyrins and Ankyrin-Binding Proteins : Potential Participants in Lateral Membrane Domains and Transcellular Connections at the Node of Ranvie r Stephen Lambert and Vann Bennett I. Introduction 129 II. Overview of Ankyrin Genes, Functional Domains, an d Splicesforms 13 0 III. Ankyrin-Binding Membrane Proteins 13 3 IV. Ankyrin Contains Multiple Binding Sites for Membrane Proteins 13 5 V. A Specialized Form of AnkyrinB Targeted to Axons 136 VI. Specialized Isoforms of Ankyrin G at the Node of Ranvier and Axon Initial Segments 13 8 VII. Coordinate Recruitment of Ankyrin G and Ankyrin - Binding Proteins during Morphogenesis of the Node o f Ranvier 13 9 VIII. Future Directions 140 References 142
CHAPTER 8 Molecular and Genetic Dissection of the Membrane Skeleton in Drosophila Ronald R. Dubreuil I. Introduction 14 7 II. The Erythrocyte Membrane Skeleton 14 8 III. The Membrane Skeleton in Vertebrate Nonerythroid Cells 15 1 IV. The Membrane Skeleton in Drosophila 15 4 V. Conclusions 162 References 16 4 CHAPTER 9 Membrane-Cytoskeleton Interactions with Cadheri n Cell Adhesion Proteins: Roles of Catenins as Linker Protein s Margaret J. Wheelock, Karen A. Knudsen, and Keith R. Johnson I. Introduction 169 II. The Cadherin Molecule and Its Association with Plakoglobin and ß-Catenin 17 1 III. Plakoglobin/ß-Catenin and Their Associations wit h. Cadherin and a-catenin 17 3 IV. a-catenin and Its Association with Plakoglobin-ß-Cateni n and the Actin Cytoskeleton 177 V. Future Directions 18 0 References 181 CHAPTER 10 The Desmosome: A Component System for Adhesion and Intermediate Filament Attachmen t Andrew P. Kowalczyk and Kathleen J. Green I. Introduction 187 II. Desmosome Structure and Molecular Composition 18 8 III. Intermediate Filament Attachment to the Desmosomal Plaque 191 IV. Desmosomal Cadherins 193 V. Desmosome Assembly and Regulation 196 VI. Issues Arising 200 References 203
CHAPTER 11 Protein Interactions in the Tight Junction : The Role o f MAGUK Proteins in Regulating Tight Junctio n Organization and Functio n Alan S. Fanning, Lynne A. Lapierre, Alexandra R. Brecher, Christina M. Van Bailie, and James Melvin Anderso n I. Perspective 21 1 II. Function and Molecular Organization of Tight Junctions 21 2 III. The MAGUK Protein Family 21 7 IV. A Role for PDZ Domains in Organizing the Cortica l Cytoskeleton 220 V. Regulation of Tight Junction Protein Interactions b y Protein Kinases 227 VI. Speculation and Future Directions 23 0 References 23 1 CHAPTER 12 Regulation of Membrane Protein Organization at the Neuromuscular Junction Gregory G. Gayer, James T. Campanelli, and Richard H. Scheller I. Introduction 237 II. Neuronal Signaling Molecules 23 9 III. Agrin 240 IV. Mechanisms of Agrin Action 245 V. Agrin Glycoprotein Complex 25 1 VI. Agrin Intracellular Signaling 254 VII. Summary 255 References 25 6 CHAPTER 13 Integrin Signaling and the Platelet Cytoskeleton Martin Eigenthaler and Sanford J. Shattil I. Introduction 265 II. The Platelet Cytoskeleton 267 III. Adhesive and Signaling Functions of Integrin a11bß3 270 IV. Inside-Out Signaling and the Platelet Cytoskeleton 27 1 V. Outside-In Signaling and the Platelet Cytoskeleton 27 6 Summary 28 3 References 283
CHAPTER 14 Interactions between the Membrane-Cytoskeleto n and CD44 during Lymphocyte Signal Transductio n and Cell Adhesion Lilly Y. W. Bourguignon I. Introduction 293 II. Expression of CD44 in Lymphocytes 29 4 III. Extracellular Domain of CD44 Function as a HA Receptor 297 IV. Interaction of the Cytoplasmic Domain of CD44 with th e Cytoskeletal Protein Ankyrin 298 V. CD44-Ankyrin Interaction Is Required for HA-Induce d Cellular Functions 302 VI. Summary 30 6 References 308 CHAPTER 15 Dynamic Properties of the Lymphocyt e Membrane-Cytoskeleton : Relationship to Lymphocyte Activation Status, Signal Transduction, and Protein Kinase C Elizabeth A. Repasky and Jennifer D. Black I. Introduction 31 3 II. Organization of the Spectrin-Based Cytoskeleton i n Lymphocytes 31 5 III. Physiological Significance of the Heterogeneity in Cytoskeletal Organization in Tissue Lymphocytes 325 IV. Role of the Spectrin-Based Cytoskeleton in PKC- Mediated, Activation-Induced Signal Transduction i n Lymphocytes 329 References 33 7 CHAPTER 16 Regulation of Epithelial Ion Channel Activity by th e Membrane-Cytoskeleto n Peter R. Smith and Dale.1. Benos I. Introduction 345 II. Structure of Epithelial Na' Channels and Their Association with the Membrane-Cytoskeleton 34 6 III. Regulation of Epithelial Na' Channels by th e Membrane-Cytoskeleton 351
IV. Regulation of Epithelial C1 and K + Channels by the Membrane-Cytoskeleton 360 V. Perspectives 365 References 367 CHAPTER 17 Role of Actin Filament Organization in Ion Channe l Activity and Cell Volume Regulatio n Horatio F. Cantiello and Adriana G. Prat I. Introduction 37 3 II. Role of Actin in Na' Channel Regulation 37 5 III. Regulatory Role of Actin in Epithelial Na +,K+-ATPase Activity 377 IV. Role of Actin in CFTR Function 37 8 V. Role of ABP Protein in Cell Volume Regulation of Human Melanoma Cells 380 VI. Perspective: Molecular Physiology of the Actin-Ion Transport Interface 391 References 39 3 CHAPTER 18 Role of the Cytoskeleton in Membrane Alterations i n Ischemic or Anoxic Renal Epitheli a R. Brian Doctor, Robert Bacallao, and Lazaro J. Mandel I. "Introduction 39 8 II. Models of Ischemia 39 8 III. Depletion of Cellular ATP 400 IV. Cytoskeletal Alterations during ATP Depletion 405 V. Recovery from Ischemic Injury or ATP Depletion 41 1 VI. Conclusions 41 6 References 41 6 Index 423