_ Date: Mark: /45 Chapter 9: Digestion Review Assignment 45 Multiple Choice = 45 Marks Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following roles do the teeth perform? a. chemical digestion to increase the surface area of food b. chemical digestion to decrease the surface area of food c. mechanical digestion to increase the surface area of food d. mechanical digestion to decrease the surface area of food 2. Which of the following structures have a role in mechanical digestion? a. tongue b. pharynx c. epiglottis d. salivary glands 3. Which of the following nutrients is not a category of macromolecule? a. lipids b. proteins c. amino acids d. nucleic acids 4. The hydrolysis of nutrients present in food is caused by a. bacteria. b. enzymes. c. peristalsis. d. stomach acid. 5. Which of the following substances is not an enzyme? a. bile b. pepsin c. amylase d. protease 6. Enzymes break carbohydrates into a. nucleotides. b. amino acids. c. monosaccharides. d. glycerol and fatty acids. 7. Enzymes break proteins into a. nucleotides. b. amino acids. c. monosaccharides. d. glycerol and fatty acids. 1
8. Enzymes break nucleic acids into a. nucleotides. b. amino acids. c. monosaccharides. d. glycerol and fatty acids. 9. How can nutrients enter the circulatory system? a. Glucose is absorbed into a villus. b. Amino acids are absorbed by a lacteal. c. Polysaccharides are absorbed into the blood stream. d. Proteins are absorbed into the wall of the small intestine. 10. In which part of the digestive tract is feces stored temporarily before elimination? a. anus b. rectum c. duodenum d. small intestine 11. Digestion of nutrients starts in the a. mouth. b. stomach. c. duodenum. d. large intestine. 12. Which part of the digestive system has the greatest surface area? a. the stomach b. the esophagus c. the large intestine d. the small intestine 13. The pancreas secretes enzymes and bicarbonate into the a. stomach. b. esophagus. c. duodenum. d. esophagus. 14. What role does sodium bicarbonate play in digestion? a. it helps to digest fats b. it reduces blood sugar c. it neutralizes stomach acid in chyme d. it helps with the digestion of carbohydrates 15. How does bile help with the digestion of fats? a. Bile stimulates absorption by villi. b. Bile salts neutralize the acidic fats. c. Bile breaks lipids into glycerol and fatty acids. d. Bile breaks fat droplets into smaller fat droplets. 2
16. What is the role of pepsin? a. to break peptides into amino acids b. to break proteins into small peptides c. to break polysaccharides into monosaccharides d. to break fat droplets into glycerol and fatty acids 17. What is the role of lipase? a. to break peptides into amino acids b. to break proteins into small polypeptides c. to break polysaccharides into monosaccharides d. to break fat droplets into glycerol and fatty acids 18. What is the role of peptidase? a. to break peptides into amino acids b. to break proteins into small polypeptides c. to break polysaccharides into monosaccharides d. to break fat droplets into glycerol and fatty acids 19. Which of the following values represents the optimal ph for most enzymes in the small intestine? a. ph = 2 b. ph = 7 c. ph = 8 d. ph = 11 20. What do enzymes break lipids into? a. amino acids b. monosaccharides c. smaller fat droplets d. glycerol and fatty acids 21. In which region is acid chyme neutralized to improve enzyme activity? a. liver b. stomach c. pancreas d. duodenum 22. Which of the following enzymes functions most efficiently in acidic conditions? a. pepsin b. trypsin c. peptidase d. salivary amylase 23. What enzyme is responsible for the digestion of starch? a. maltase b. amylase c. nuclease d. peptidase 3
24. Trypsin acts upon a. lipids. b. proteins. c. nucleic acids. d. carbohydrates. 25. Which of the following conditions would result if pancreatic juice did not contain sodium bicarbonate? a. Villi would be damaged. b. Pepsin would be denatured. c. The rate of peristalsis would increase. d. The rate of digestion in the duodenum would increase. 26. Use the diagram above to answer the next question. Which enzyme is capable of digesting this molecule? a. pepsin b. trypsin c. nuclease d. peptidase 27. In which part of the digestive system are E.coli bacteria normally found? a. mouth b. pancreas c. large intestine d. small intestine 28. What other substance is likely to be released when food triggers the release of lipase? a. bile b. pepsin c. amylase d. nuclease 29. Assuming optimum ph and temperature, in which of the following situations will digestion occur? a. trypsin solution is combined with lipid b. amylase solution is combined with lipid c. trypsin solution is combined with starch d. amylase solution is combined with starch 4
30. Use the diagram above to answer the next question. Which of the following organs secretes an enzyme capable of breaking the bond indicated by the letter X? I II III stomach pancreas small intestine a. I only b. I and II only c. II and III only d. I, II, and III 5
31. Use the diagram above to answer the next question. Which pair of organs function together in the digestion of proteins? a. V and W b. W and X c. U and Y d. Y and Z 32. Use the diagram above to answer the next question. In some cases a person may have unusually high levels of lipids in their feces. Which organ labeled above is not functioning properly when this happens? a. T b. W c. X d. Z 33. Which of the following substances is not present in pancreatic juice? a. lipase b. pepsin c. nuclease d. sodium bicarbonate 6
34. Assuming all other conditions are optimal, which combination of reactants will yield the most products at the indicated ph? a. lipase with fat and ph = 2 b. trypsin with protein and ph = 8 c. amylase with maltose and ph =7 d. nuclease with nucleic acids and ph = 2 35. Which of the following enzymes catalyzes a reaction in which the products are absorbed into lacteals? a. lipase b. pepsin c. nuclease d. peptidase 36. Use the following data to answer the next question. Sample Materials present Temperature ( C) ph I pepsin and protein 37 2 II trypsin and polypeptides 38 8 III starch and salivary amylase 35 7 IV starch and pancreatic amylase 37 6 The data table records the preparations for an experiment testing the effectiveness of enzymes under different conditions. At the end of the testing period, which sample will have the highest concentration of reactants? a. I b. II c. III d. IV 37. Which sequence of ph conditions are present when moving through the digestive system beginning with the mouth? a. neutral acidic basic b. neutral basic acidic c. acidic neutral basic d. basic acidic neutral 7
38. Use the diagram above to answer the next question. Which position indicates a structure that controls the rate at which acid chyme moves? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 39. Use the diagram above to answer the next question. From which of the following substances does organ 1 synthesize plasma proteins such as albumin and fibrinogen? a. glucose b. glycerol c. amino acids d. nucleic acids 8
40. Which of the following structures must function properly during swallowing? a. the epiglottis b. the duodenum c. the cardiac sphincter d. the pyloric sphincter 41. Which of the following lists the structures within the digestive tract in the correct order beginning with the mouth? a. mouth pyloric sphincter cardiac sphincter epiglottis b. mouth cardiac sphincter pyloric sphincter epiglottis c. mouth pyloric sphincter epiglottis cardiac sphincter d. mouth epiglottis cardiac sphincter pyloric sphincter 42. Use the diagram above to answer the next question. What organ secretes an enzyme capable of producing this molecule by hydrolysis? a. liver b. stomach c. pancreas d. small intestine 43. Which of the following is a role of the liver that occurs once peptidase enzymes have completed their function? a. urea production b. production of bile salts c. regulation of cholesterol d. storage of iron and vitamins 44. Which of the following processes will stop once HCl is secreted by cells lining the digestive tract? a. secretion of mucus b. digestion of protein c. hydrolysis of starch d. activation of pepsinogen 9
45. Use the diagram above to answer the next question. Which structure labeled above is mainly responsible for the absorption of water? a. 4 b. 6 c. 9 d. 10 10