Development and Current Situation FMD for Asia and the Pacific

Development and Current Situation FMD for Asia and the Pacific OIE Regional Workshop on Preparation and Submission of Dossiers for the Official Recognition of CFS and for the Endorsement of National Official Control Programme for FMD in Asia and the Pacific Tokyo, 20-22 June 2017 Wilai Linchongsubongkoch Regional Reference Laboratory for FMD in South East Asia National Institute of Animal Health Department of Livestock Development, Thailand

Global status of FMD showing distribution of regional virus pools Source: WRL, Pirbright, UK

FMD Status in South East Asia (pool 1) * Serotype O - SEA/Mya98 - ME-SA/Ind 2001d * Serotype A ; ASIA/Sea-97 * Serotype Asia1: ASIA/ Gr.VIII (Myanmar, Jan 2017) * FMD free country : Philippine, Brunei, Indonesia (1986) * Malaysia : Free in Sabah and Salawak FMD Free Zone FMD Infected Areas

1.1 Antigen ELISA typing/ RT-PCR 1. FMD status in SEA, 2016 Diagnostic result by ELISA typing in 2016 (Thailand) Diagnostic result by rrt-pcr in 2016 (Thailand) 25.60% 20.20% 54.20% 8.70% 91.30 % O A NVD Pos Neg Country total Serotype O Results of antigen ELISA typing Serotype A Serotype Asia-1 No virus detected Positive RT-PCR negative Thailand 253 137 51-65 231 22 Lao PDR 47* - - - 47* - 47 Myanmar 22 19 - - 3 19 3 Cambodia 39 16 3 20 28 11 Lao PDR* Due to less volume of initial fluid and bad quality of specimen were received, ELISA typing and rrt-pcr were negative all

2. FMD status in SEA, 2017 (Jan May) ELISA typing results in 2017 (Jan-May (Thailand) RT-PCR results in 2017 (Jan-May) (Thailand) 39.2 17.90 42.9 O A NVD 14.3 85.7 Pos Neg Year Country Total ELISA typing RT-PCR O A Asia1 NVD Positive Negative 2016 Lao PDR 47* - - - 47-47 2016 Cambodia 39** 16 3-20 28 11 2016 Myanmar 22 14 - - 8 21 1 2017 Lao PDR 5 2 - - 3 4 1 2017 Myanmar 10 8-2 - 10 - * Oro-nasal swap= 44, tissue = 3 ** some of them were saliva

3. Strain characterization 3.1 Summary of vaccine matching of type O in 2015-2016 Year O/189/87 Thai vaccine strain r-value range n 0-0.19 2.0-0.39 0.40-1.0 2015 Thailand 58 - - 58 2016 Thailand 23 - - 23 Lao PDR 47* Not Done Myanmar 22* Not Done 2017 Thailand On going Original samples were nasal swaps, therefore virus isolation could not be done, due to less virus obtained and also bacterial contamination were obtained in these samples

3.2 Summary of vaccine matching of type A in 2016-2017 Year Country n A/Lopburi/2012 A/Sakolnakorn/97 0-0.19 2.0-0.39 0.40-10 0-0.19 2.0-0.39 0.40-1.0 2016 Thailand 15 4 7 4 - - 15 Lao PDR ND ND ND Myanmar ND ND ND 2017 Thailand 6 3 1 2 0 3 3 Vaccine matching of FMDV type A in Thailand during 2012-2017, compare between A/Lopburi/2012 and A/Sakolnakorn/97 vaccine strain r-value of FMDV type A /Lopburi/2012 in Thailand during 2012-2017 % r value 100 80 60 40 20 0 2012 0.4-1.0 2013 2014 2015 0-0.19 2016 2017 0-0.19 0.2-0.39 0.4-1.0 100 r-value of FMDV type A/Sakolnakorn/97 in Thailand during 2012-2017 % r-value 80 60 40 20 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 0-0.19 0.2-0.39 0.4-1.0 2017 0.4-1.0 0-0.19

3.3 Summary the FMD outbreak in SEA region during 2016 2017, Pool 1 (Jan May) Country 2016 2017 Thailand Lao PDR Serotype Strain Vaccine Serotype Strain Vaccine O A O A May-98, Ind2001d Sea-97 ND ND O/189/87, 3039 A/Sakol/97 A22/Iraq ND ND O A Ind2001d Sea-97 O/189/87, 3039 A/Sakol/97, A22/Iraq --- --- --- Cambodia O A ND ND --- --- --- Myanmar O Mya-98, Ind2001d ND O Asia1 Ind2001d ASIA/Gr.VIII Malaysia Vietnam O A O A Mya-98 Sea-97 Mya-98, Cathay Ind2001d Sea-97 O/3039, O/Manisa A22/Iraq, A/IRN/05 O3039 O/Manisa A22/Iraq China O Mya-98, Cathay O South Korea --- --- --- O A Source: WRLFMD, Pirbright Institute, UK O Ind2001d --- --- --- Ind2001d Ind2001d Sea-97 O/3039 A22/Iraq

Phylogenetic tree type O, 2015-017(Cam, Lao, Myanmar and Thailand 92 98 Mya-98 SEA 2015 2016 2017 71 80 87 95 70 84 100 100 Cam-94 100 O1/Manisa/TUR/69 (AY593823) O/IND/R2/75* (AF204276) O/CAM/4/2015 (*RRL) O/CAM/13/2015 (*RRL) O/CAM/8/2015 (*RRL) O/CAM/9/2016R1 (*RRL) 100 O/CAM/11/2016R1 (*RRL) O/KUW/3/97 (DQ164904) O/OMN/7/2001 (DQ164941) O/UAE/4/2008 (KM921876) O/BHU/3/2009 (KM921814) O/LAO/11/2015 (*RRL) O/LAO/12/2015 (*RRL) 100 O/LAO/15/2015 (*RRL) 72 O/LAO/14/2015 (*RRL) 100 PanAsia Ind-2001a Ind-2001b Ind-2001c 81 O/MYA/19/2017 (*RRL) O/MYA/20/2017 (*RRL) O/MYA/21/2017 (*RRL) O/TAI/11-2/2017 (*RRL) O/TAI/25-2/2017 (*RRL) O/MYA/12/2016 (*RRL) O/MYA/13/2016 (*RRL) 97 O/MYA/11/2017 (*RRL) 98 O/MYA/12/2017 (*RRL) O/MYA/13/2017 (*RRL) O/MYA/10/2017 (*RRL) O/TAI/315/2016 (*RRL) O/TAI/9/2017 (*RRL) O/MYA/6/2017 (*RRL) O/MYA/9/2017 (*RRL) O/MYA/17/2017 (*RRL) O/MYA/8/2017 (*RRL) O/TAI/4/2017 (*RRL) O/TAI/429-1/2016 (*RRL) O/TAI/389/2016 (*RRL) O/TAI/429-2/2016 (*RRL) O/TAI/337-2/2016 (*RRL) O/TAI/310/2016 (*RRL) O/TAI/269-2/2016 (*RRL) O/TAI/435/2016 (*RRL) O/TAI/18/2017 (*RRL) O/TAI/397-1/2016 (*RRL) O/TAI/179/2016 (*RRL) Ind-2001d CATHAY ME-SA 0.02

Phylogenetic tree type A, 2015-2017 Cam, Lao, Myanmar, Vietnam and Thailand 2015 2016 2017 94 88 98 83 A/LAO/7/2015(*RRL) A/TAI/46-1/2015(*RRL) A/TAI/40-1/2015(*RRL) A/LAO/4/2015(*RRL) A/LAO/5/2015(*RRL) A/TAI/200-1/2015(*RRL) A/TAI/6/2015(*RRL) A/TAI/9/2015(*RRL) A/TAI/12/2015(*RRL) A/TAI/14/2015(*RRL) A/TAI/201/2015(*RRL) A/TAI/211/2015(*RRL) A/MYA/12/2015(*RRL) A/MYA/15/2015(*RRL) A/MYA/3/2015(*RRL) A/CAM/5/2016 (*RRL) A/CAM/10/2016 (*RRL) A/TAI/189/2015(*RRL) A/TAI/5/2016(*RRL) 89 A/TAI/29-1/2016(*RRL) A/TAI/213-1/2015(LPN) A/TAI/30-1/2016(*RRL) A/TAI/21-1/2016(*RRL) A/TAI/61/2016 (*RRL) A/TAI/79-3/2016 (*RRL) A/TAI/72/2016 (*RRL) A/TAI/81/2016 (*RRL) A/TAI/6/2017 (*RRL) A/TAI/291/2016 (*RRL) 79 A/TAI/307/2016 (*RRL) A/TAI/383/2016 (*RRL) A/TAI/2/2017 (*RRL) A/TAI/Lopburi/referencestrain(*RRL) A/TAI/17-1/2017 (*RRL) A/TAI/1-2/2015(*RRL) 73 A/CAM-11/2015 (*RRL) A/CAM-15/2015 (*RRL) A/CAM/6/2015(*RRL) 90 A/CAM/1/2015(*RRL) A/CAM/2/2015(*RRL) A/CAM/7/2015(*RRL) A/CAM/12/2015(*RRL) A/CAM/16/2015(*RRL) A/VIT/9/2015(*RRL) A/VIT/11/2015(*RRL) A/VIT/5/2015(*RRL) A/VIT/2/2015(*RRL) A/VIT/6/2015(*RRL) A/VIT/8/2015(*RRL) A/VIT/4/2015(*RRL) A/VIT/16/2015(*RRL) A/VIT/19/2015(*RRL) A/VIT/20/2015(*RRL) A/VIT/1/2015(*RRL) A/TAI/192/2015(*RRL) A/TAI/1-1/2015(*RRL) A/TAI/308/2016 (*RRL) A/TAI/258-2/2016 (*RRL) A/TAI/19/2017 (*RRL) A/TAI/24/2017 (*RRL) 98 A/TAI/29-2/2017 (*RRL) A/TAI/12/2017 (*RRL) 82 A/TAI/28/2017 (*RRL) A/TAI/10/2017 (*RRL) A/TAI/293/2016 (*RRL) A/TAI/377/2016 (*RRL) A/TAI/312-3/2016 (*RRL) A/TAI/15/2017 (*RRL) A/TAI/427/2016 (*RRL) A/TAI/30/2017 (*RRL) A/TAI/Sakol/referencestrain(*RRL) A/MAY/97(KJ933864) A/TAI/118/87/referencestrain(*RRL) A/TAI/132/referencestrain(*RRL) A/IRAQ/22/64(AY593763) A/IRQ/107/2002(FJ755076) A/SYR/5/2002(FJ755088) A/TUR/25/2008(FJ755136) A/IRN/3/2007(FJ755060) A/JOR/3/2006(FJ755079) A/PAK/1/2006(FJ755082) A/SAU/15/2005(FJ755086) EURO-SA Sea-97 ASIA 0.02

Source: WRLFMD, Pirbrigth Institute, UK

Source: WRLFMD, Pirbrigth Institute, UK

Source: WRLFMD, Pirbrigth Institute, UK

WRLFMD, Pirbright Insttute

WRLFMD, Pirbright Insttute

Type A, 2017 WRLFMD, Pirbright Insttute

Outbreak investigation FMDV type Asia1 outbreak in 2017 - Asia1 virus was detected in Kyaukphyu District, Rakhine state, Myanmar. - The outbreak started on January 15, 2017 and resolved on February 6, 2017. -59 out of 1559 cattle showed clinical signs but no death was reported. -Samples were sent to RRL in April 2017 for confirmation by ELISA typing, sequencing and vaccine matching

Phylogenetic tree of FMDV Asia1 - Myanmar in 2005 - Vietnam in 2006 - Thailand in 18 Asia1/HKN/1/2005(DQ121114) Asia1/HKN/2/2005(DQ121115) Asia1/TAJ/1/2004(DQ121402) Asia1/TAJ/2/2004(DQ121403) Asia1/PAK/1/2004(DQ121128) Asia1/PAK/69/2003(DQ121127) Asia1/PAK/30/2002(DQ121124) Asia1/PAK/31/2002(DQ121125) Asia1/IRN/31/2004(DQ121121) Asia1/IRN/10/2004(DQ121119) Asia1/IND/390/97(AF392940) Asia1/IND/278/(AF392934) Asia1/IND/82/96(AF390705) Asia1/PAK/20/2003(DQ121126) Asia1/IRN/58/(DQ121122) Asia1/TUR/10/(DQ121131) Asia1/GRE/2/2002(DQ121113) Asia1/MYA/2/2001(DQ121123) Asia1/IND/673/2003(DQ101240) Asia1/IND/388/2004 (DQ101235) Asia1/IND/139/02(DQ101242) Asia1/BHU/27/2002(DQ121111) Asia1/IND/165/2004(DQ101238) Asia1/VIT/1/2006 (*RRL) Asia1/VIT/2/2006 (*RRL) Asia1/VIT/3/2006 (*RRL) Asia1/VIT/4/2006 (*RRL) Asia1/MYA/1/2005 (*RRL) Asia1/TAI/1/98 (DQ121129) Asia1/85/TAI/reference strain Asia1/IRN/25/2004(DQ121120) Asia1/AFG/4/2001(DQ121110) Asia1/IND/18/80(DQ121116) Asia1/IND/15/81(DQ121117) Asia1/HeB/China/1/2005(EF187274) 0.02 % Asia1/JiangSu/CHA/2005(DQ156527) Asia1/Beijing/China/2005(EF185303) Asia1/QH/China/2005(EF187272) Asia1/Amursky/RUS/2005(DQ121401) SEA Gr.IV Asia1 from Myanmar, in January 2017 Gr. VIII RRLFMD, Pakchong WRLFMD, Pirbright, UK

Summary of Pool 1: Changes in epidemiological patterns in 2016? O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 lineage : rapid spread from the Indian sub-continent through Southeast Asia, first detected in Laos and Vietnam in 2015, and during 2016 cases were detected in Myanmar and Thailand (in June and September, respectively). End of 2016 (November), also detected in the Russia, close to the Chinese border O/CATHAY topotype has been reported for the first time in mainland China. O/SEA/Myamar-98 lineage: normally found in southeast Asia. Continued FMD cases in China, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Thailand and Vietnam. O/ME-SA/PanAsia viral lineage: found in Mongolia and Russia A/ASIA/Sea-97 lineage: Outbreaks in China, Mongolia, Thailand, Vietnam and South Korea in February 2017 **New outbreak of Asia1 was found in Myanmar, Jan. 2017, ASIA/Gr.VIII :No Asia-1 detected in the region since 2005 (Myanmar) and 2006 (Vietnam, P.R. China) Source: Report of OIE Ref Lab Network meeting_2016

Source: WRLFMD, report OIE Ref Lab Network meeting _2016

* Relationship between antigenic and genomic characteristic* Year O/TAI/36/04 O/TAI 37/04 O/TAI 14/05 O/TAI 21/05 O/TAI 54-1/05* (pig) O/TAI 64-1/05 * (pig) O/TAI/269/2016 O/TAI/225/2016 Antigenic characteristic (r value), O/189/87 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 SEA (MYA 98) SEA (MYA 98) SEA (MYA 98) SEA (MYA 98) Cathay (Hkn94) Cathay (Hkn94) ME SA/Ind2001d Genomic characteristic (sequencing)

Year Antigenic characteristic (r value), A/Sakol/97 R value A/Lopburi/2012 Genomic characteristic (sequencing) A/TAI/3/2012 <0.20 1.0 ASIA/Sea97 A/TAI/4/2012 <0/20 1.0 ASIA/Sea97 A/ 283/2016 1.0 0.25 ASIA/Sea97 A/306/2016 1.0 0.25 ASIA/Sea97 A/312/2016 1.0 0.25 ASIA/Sea97 A/316/2016 1.0 0.25 ASIA/Sea97 Source: WRLFMD, Pirbright, UK

Thank you for your attention Acknowledgements RRL staff; - Kingkarn Boonsuya Seeyo - Amornrat Shoonnasart - Sahawat Ungvanichaban - Romphruke Udon - Alongkorn Panthumart - Janya Samanit - Sopha Singkleebuth