B.5ABCD Cell Differentiation Picture Vocabulary
gene A segment of DNA nucleotides that codes for a specific protein to be produced and leads to the expression of a hereditary trait or characteristic
cell cycle The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again. The phases of a cell s life cycle
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) The biomolecule classified as a nucleic acid and composed of nucleotides; genetic material shaped like a double helix
mitosis A phase of the cell cycle in which cell division occurs
interphase The longest phase of the cell cycle in which the cell will grow larger and replicate its DNA in order to prepare for cell division
prophase The first phase of mitosis in which chromosomes condense becoming visible, the nuclear membrane dissolves, the centrosomes move to opposite ends of the nucleus, and spindle fibers form
metaphase The phase of mitosis in which spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the sister chromatids (chromosomes), and the chromosomes migrate to the center of the cell
anaphase The phase of mitosis in which spindle fibers begin to shorten separating the sister chromatids and pulling them to opposite ends of the cell
telophase The phase of mitosis in which the genetic material has been separated and the nuclear membrane begins to reform to create two separate but identical nuclei
cytokinesis The phase of the cell cycle in which the plasma membrane begins to cleave the cytoplasm into two separate but identical cells
cell differentiation The process by which less specialized cells become more specialized
DNA replication The process in which the DNA sequence is copied to form an additional DNA molecule
roots The specialized part of a plant that grows down into the soil to anchor the plant and absorb nutrients
stem The specialized part of a plant that grows in the opposite direction of the roots and supports the flower, leaves, or fruit of the plant
leaf (leaves) The specialized part of a plant that is mainly used for gas exchange; comes in various forms and is often the primary form of adaptation in plants
blood cells, red The cells in the blood that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
blood cells, white The cells in the blood that help to fight infections
epithelium cells A specialized animal cell that is found in the skin and functions as a part of the integumentary system; various types
muscle cells A specialized animal cell that is found in muscle tissue and functions as a part of the muscular system
operon A cluster of genes that are under the control of the same promoter. For example, if the promoter is activated all the genes in the operon are expressed
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) The biomolecule classified as a nucleic acid and composed of nucleotides; genetic material in a single helix form
mutation Any change in the sequence of DNA; may result in the production of incorrect proteins and lead to malfunctions in the processes of the organism
cancer A disease that occurs as a result of uncontrolled cell growth and division
tumor The formation of tissue that is a result of uncontrolled cell growth and division
radiation Energy sent out as particles or waves; used in the treatment of cancerous tumors
chemotherapy The treatment of disease by use of chemicals; can selectively destroy cancerous tissue
binary fission Asexual reproduction in singlecelled organisms
carcinogen A substance that causes cancer
centriole A cylindrical organelle used by eukaryotic cells to pull the chromatids apart during mitosis
centromere Narrowed part of a chromosome
chromatid A replicated chromosome
daughter cell One of the resulting cells from mitosis
diploid A cell that contains pairs of all of the homologous chromosomes; 2n
microtubules Cylindrical organelles that give the cell its shape
neuron A cell that makes up the nervous system
somatic cell A body cell that can differentiate into various tissues
stem cell A blank cell that can be turned into a variety of different types of cells found in the body
metabolism All of the physical and chemical processes that occur within an organism