ELEC ENG 4BD4 Lecture 1 Biomedical Instrumentation Instructor: Dr. Hubert de Bruin 1
Cochlear Implant 2
Advances in Vision (Retinal Stimulation) 3
Argus II Implant 4
Mini Gastric Imaging 5
Taser 6
Shock Field 7
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Calendar Description: Principles of instrumentation; Noise and interference in electrical measurements; Generation and nature of bioelectric potentials; electrodes and other transducers; electrical safety; neuromuscular and cardiovascular instrumentation; ultrasonics for bio-measurements other than imaging; computer interfaces for data acquisition systems. Course Objectives: Students will be able to apply the principles of electronic circuits and devices to the use and design of instrumentation in the biomedical area. They will have gained a basic knowledge of the operating principles of electrical and other transducers, analog and digital instrumentation, applied signal acquisition and processing, electrical safety in the medical environment, electrical properties of nerve and muscle physiology; and instrumentation used in cardiopulmonary, neurological, surgical, and rehabilitation areas of medicine. 9
Course Information Instructor: Dr. Hubert de Bruin, ITB A211, 905-525- 9140 XT 24171 debruin@mcmaster.ca Teaching Assistants: Laura Pravato, Larona Toteng Schedule: Lectures: 3hours/week Tutorials: 1 hour per week Labs: 3hours (5) All labs must be completed to pass the course Website: go to http://www.ece.mcmaster.ca/faculty/debruin/debruin/teaching.htm 10
Topics Covered General Overview of Instrumentation Lecture 1 Introduction to Measurement Systems Lecture 2 Coherent and Other Noises in Measurements Lecture 3 General Properties of Sensors Lecture 4 Analog Instrumentation Electrophysiology and Instrumentation Used Lecture 5 Origins of Electrophysiological Signals Lecture 6 Biopotential Electrodes Including Equivalent Circuit Models I Lecture 6A Biopotential Electrodes Including Equivalent Circuit Models II Lecture 7 Recording Biopotential Fields on the Body Common Electrophysiological Signals Recorded in Biomedicine and Associated Instrumentation Lecture 8 Origin of ECG, Standard Recording Systems Lecture 8A ECG Noise Coupling, Heart Rate Detection Lecture 9 Muscle Organization and Function 11
Topics (cont d) Lecture 10 Electromyography (Recording and Analyzing Muscle Signals) Lecture 11 Brain Electrical Signal (EEG) Lecture 11A Other Instrumentation Applications in EEG Lecture 12 The Electro-Ocularogram (EOG) Sensors and Instrumentation to Measure Other Variables Lecture 13 Temperature Sensors and Instrumentation Lecture 14 Position and Movement Sensors Lecture 15 Force and Pressure Measurement using Strain Gauges Lecture 16 Piezoelectrics and Application Lecture 17 Chemical Sensors 12
Topics (cont d) Measurement of Cardiopulmonary Function Lecture 18 Invasive and Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Lecture 19 Measuring Blood Oxygen (Pulse Oximeter) Lecture 20 Measuring CO 2 (Capnometry) Lecture 21 Measuring Blood or Airflow (Plethysmography) Application of Therapeutic Electrical Energy Lecture 22 General Principles of Electro-Stimulation Lecture 23 Cardiac Pacing and Pacemakers Lecture 24 Cardiac Defibrillators Lecture 25 Muscle Stimulation Lecture 26 Electrosurgery Professional Standards and Safety Codes Lecture 27 Electrical Safety I Lecture 28 Electrical Safety II 13
Laboratory Sessions: Lab 1 : Differential amplifiers; DAQ / DSP / Statistical Analysis Key Concepts: Discrete Signals, Acquisition, Amplifiers, Frequency Domain Lab 2 : ECG / Heart Rate Key Concepts: Biopotentials, Electrocardiogram, Einthoven's Triangle, Noise Artifact, Bioinstrumentation amplifier for ECG Lab 3 : EEG Key Concepts: Alpha & Beta Waves (Alpha Blockers) in phase or out of phase. Spectral and time analysis, Irregularities, Bio-instrumentation amplifier for EEG Lab 4 : EMG & Motor Control Key Concepts: Muscle twitches, rectification, averaging, RMS, Force vs EMG, Filtering effects on applications of EMG, Bio-instrumentation amplifier for EMG Lab 5 : EOG & Environmental Control Key Concepts: DC Signals, DC Amplifiers, Frequency component of blinking, Scaling of signals and creation of algorithms to make raw data into useful information, Bio-instrumentation amplifier for EOG 14
Textbooks (Optional): 1. Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design. John G. Webster 2. Custom Courseware, Lecture Slides posted on the class website Additional resources: 1. Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurements; Second Edition; Robert B Northrop; Taylor and Francis; ISBN 0-8493-3773-9 2. Noninvasive Instrumentation and Measurement in Medical Diagnosis; Robert N. Northrop; CRC press; ISBN 0-8493-0961-1 3. Design and Development of Medical Electronic Instrumentation, D. Prutchi and M. Norri, Wiley- Interscience, 2005 15
Course Assessment Assessment: Labs 20% Midterm 30% Final Exam 50% 16
Process of Measurement Understand the event (variable) you are measuring Is variable directly related to event? Is variable indirectly related to event? Is variable statistically related to event? Is event itself random? 17
Process of Measurement (cont d) Is measurement biased (will final result have an offset, e.g. does it always read high)? What are unavoidable sources of noise? How much does this contaminate your measurement? Maximize your signal-to-noise ration SNR 18
Measurement Specifications What is amplitude range of selected variable What is bandwidth of variable (does variable change rapidly or slowly)? What is required resolution (smallest change you need to measure)? What is required accuracy? 19
EE 4BD4 Lab Instrumentation Modular McMaster Analog Instrumentation System National Instruments DAQ system with Laboratory Interface Desktop PC running National Instruments Virtual Instrumentation language Labview Patient Signal Simulator 20
MacECE BiomedLab 21
Course Objectives Be able to analyse a biomedical measurement problem and plan a solution Be able to design analog front ends for a variety of physiologically related signals Gain familiarity with a number of different instrumentation sensors Design a simple computer data acquisition program 22
Course Objectives (cont d) Gain experience with collecting and analysing different electrophysiological signals (ECG, EMG, EEG, Accelerometer, etc.) Be exposed to concepts of electrical safety and professional medical instrument codes 23