Roughge Type & Level & Grin Processing Interctions with Distiller s s Grins Diets Mtt My High Plins Bio Fuels Co-Product Nutrition Conference
Why do we flke grin? Stem-flked corn (SFC) vs. dry-rolled rolled corn (DRC) Decrese or no chnge in DMI 12% decrese Increse or no chnge in ADG Improve feed efficiency 12 to 16% In $4/u corn mrket, flking hs net vlue of pproximtely $40/niml fed Owens et l., 1997
Ethnol Production Distiller s s grins hve een used extensively in the U.S. Corn Belt Dry-rolled rolled corn, high-moisture corn Production of fuel ethnol is expnding into the High-Plins Stem-flked corn
Plnts in Production (115) Plnts Under Construction (79) Renewle Fuels Assocition: As of 4/3/07
Composition of Energy Source Item, % Corn DDG Corn Dry Mtter 90.2 88 Crude Protein 29.6 9.0 Crude Ft 11.2 4.3 Crude Fier 6.7 2.0 ADF 8.9 9.0 NDF 25.8 3.0 Clcium 0.04 0.02 Phosphorus 0.90 0.30 Sulfur 0.97 0.12 www.poetenergy.com, R. L. Preston
Titrtion of Corn WDG in DRC 26 Diets DMI 24 l 22 20 Liner (P<0.01) 0 10 20 30 40 Wet Distiller's Grins, % Lrson et. l., 1993
Titrtion of Corn WDG in DRC 7 Diets F:G l 6 5 Liner (P<0.01) Qudrtic (P<0.05) 0 10 20 30 40 Wet Distiller's Grins, % Lrson et. l., 1993
Optimizing the Use of Sorghum Wet Distiller s s Grins in Diets Comprised of Dry-rolled rolled Corn or Stem-flked Corn
Ojective Determine optimum level of sorghum wet distiller s s grins with solules (WDG) in diets comprised of SFC or DRC To compre performnce nd crcss chrcteristics of cttle fed DRC nd SFC diets contining WDG
Experimentl Diets Dry-rolled corn Wet distiller s grins Stem-flked corn Wet distiller s grins Item, % DM 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 Dry-rolled rolled corn 83.5 78.7-59.3 - - - - Stem-flked corn - - - - 83.3 78.5 69.2 58.9 Alflf hy 6.0 6.0-6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 Wet distiller s s grins 0.0 10.3-30.8 0.0 10.5 20.8 31.0 Corn steep liquor 5.1 - - - 5.1 - - - Supplement 5.5 5.0-4.0 5.6 5.1 4.1 4.0 Nutrients formulted Crude protein 14.0 14.0-16.9 14.0 14.0 14.4 16.9 Clcium 0.7 0.7-0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Phosphorus 0.3 0.3-0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 Formulted to provide 300 mg Rumensin,, 90 mg Tyln,, nd 0.5 mg MGA per heifer dily
Growth Performnce Dry-rolled corn Wet distiller s s grins Stem-flked corn Wet distiller s s grins P-Vlues Item 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 SEM WDG G WDG*G No. pens 8 8-8 8 8 8 8 - - - - No. steers 77 77-78 78 78 78 78 - - - - Initil BW, l 998 998-997 997 998 997 998 0.09 - - - Finl BW, l 1 1240 1264-1262 1260 1256 1245 1231 34.03 - - - DMI, l 20.0 21.4-21.6 20.0 19.8 19.6 18.9 0.48 * - ** ADG, l/d 1 2.51 2.86-2.82 2.84 2.73 2.60 2.53 0.46 - ** ** F:G 1 7.94 7.46-7.63 7.04 7.25 7.52 7.46 0.01 - * - 1 Clculted using crcss djusted weights, using hot crcss weight nd dividing y common dressing percent of 63.5 % * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.10
Crcss Chrcteristics Dry-rolled corn Stem-flked corn Wet distiller s grins Wet distiller s grins P-Vlues Item 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 SEM WDG WDG*G HCW, ls 787 805-802 800 798 791 783 9.81 - ** Dressing percent 64.3 64.1-64.6 63.9 63.8 63.4 63.9 0.01 - - LM re, in 2 13.4 13.8-13.6 13.6 13.7 13.5 13.5 0.23 - - KPH ft, % 2.51 2.47-2.47 2.44 2.37 2.48 2.36 0.04 - - 12 th ri ft, in 0.38 0.41-0.42 0.41 0.40 0.43 0.38 0.02 - - USDA yield grde 1.98 2.05-2.22 2.03 2.00 2.15 1.98 0.09 - - Choice % 26.85 32.69-30.97 28.61 21.79 31.33 15.38 5.45 - - Select % 66.78 64.74-64.08 67.44 73.08 64.82 78.21 6.02 - - Mrling score¹ 358 381-379 353 362 362 357 8.86 ** - Liver scess, % 9.0 6.4-0.4 3.9 10.3 9.1 9.0 3.14 - - 1 Mrling score 300 = Trces **P-vlue < 0.10
Implictions WDG hs greter vlue in finishing diets contining DRC thn in SFC diets Improving ADG, feed efficiency, nd crcss weight Adding WDG to SFC Decresed DMI, ADG, F:G, nd HCW
Dry Distiller s s Grins with Solules in Stem-flked or Dry- rolled Corn Diets with Reduced Roughge Levels
Ojective To evlute performnce nd crcss chrcteristics of cttle fed corn dry distiller s s grins with solules (DDG) s prtil replcement for SFC or DRC
Ojective To determine if dietry roughge levels cn e reduced when DDG re dded to the diet
Experimentl Diets Tril 1 Item, % dry mtter Stem-flked corn 0% DDG 25% DDG 25% DDG 15% CS 15% CS 5% CS Stem-flked corn 75.31 55.56 65.73 Corn silge 14.81 14.85 4.94 DDGS 0.00 24.72 24.67 Soyen mel 4.32 0.00 0.00 Ure 1.17 0.16 0.33 Limestone 1.58 1.81 1.85 Supplement 2.82 2.66 2.73 Nutrients Crude protein 13.90 14.27 14.02 Clcium 0.76 0.73 0.70 Phosphorus 0.23 0.39 0.37 Formulted to provide 300 mg Rumensin,, 90 mg Tyln,, nd 0.5 mg MGA per heifer dily
Growth Performnce Tril 1 Item Stem-flked corn 0% DDG 25% DDG 25% DDG 15% CS 15% CS 5% CS SEM No. of pens (heifers) 8 (127) 8 (124) 8 (126) - Dys on feed 85 85 85 - Initil weight, l 833 830 830 4.07 Finl weight, l 1 1081 1073 1071 5.02 Dry mtter intke, l 19.85 19.32 18.77 0.35 Averge dily gin, l 1 2.91 2.84 2.82 0.09 F:G 1 6.85 6.76 6.62 0.01 1 Crcss djusted; 63.5 Dressing percent, Rows with uncommon superscripts differ (P = 0.05)
Item Crcss Chrcteristics Tril 1 Stem-flked corn 0% DDG 25% DDG 25% DDG 15% CS 15% CS 5% CS SEM Hot crcss weight, l 687 681 681 7.00 Dressing percent 63.2 63.5 63.7 0.16 Mrling score 1 517 505 503 8.95 Kidney pelvic hert ft, % 2.24 2.28 2.27 0.04 Bck ft over 12 ri, in 0.55 0.58 0.56 0.20 LM re, squre in 13.3 12.8 13.1 0.16 Liver scess, % 1.62 c 3.96 6.30 d 1.75 1 Mrling Score 500 = Smll, Rows with uncommon superscripts differ (P = 0.05) c,d Rows with uncommon superscripts differ (P = 0.10)
Item Qulity Grde Tril 1 Stem-flked corn 0% DDG 25% DDG 25% DDG 15% CS 15% CS 5% CS SEM Prime, % 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.45 Choice, % 55.1 62.2 61.9 4.29 Upper 2/3, % 15.3 12.6 9.5 2.59 Select, % 40.1 37.8 36.5 3.61
Yield Grde Tril 1 Item Stem-flked corn 0% DDG 25% DDG 25% DDG 15% CS 15% CS 5% CS SEM USDA yield grde 2.62 2.74 2.66 0.07 Clculted yield grde 2.67 c 2.90 d 2.72 0.09 Yield grde 1, % 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.02 Yield grde 2, % 39.3 36.4 39.1 4.86 Yield grde 3, % 53.3 47.9 48.2 5.32 Yield grde 4 & 5, % 5.6 c 14.1 d 11.1 d 3.13 c,d Rows with uncommon superscripts differ (P = 0.10)
Conclusions Tril 1 Adding 25% DDG to flked grin rtions yielded performnce nd crcss trits tht were comprle to controls Tendency for greter ftness with DDG Reducing roughge decresed DMI Tendency to increse liver scess rtes Non-significnt improvement in efficiency
Experimentl Diets Tril 2 Item, % dry mtter Dry-rolled rolled corn Stem-flked corn 0% DDG 25% DDG 25% DDG 0% DDG 25% DDG 25% DDG 15% CS 15% CS 5% CS 15% CS 15% CS 5% CS Dry-rolled rolled corn 74.25 56.75 65.91 - - - Stem-flked corn - - - 70.72 56.78 64.34 Corn silge 13.31 13.32 4.37 13.41 13.40 4.41 DDG - 24.49 24.81-24.85 25.27 Soyen mel 4.49 - - 4.52 - - Ure 1.22 0.15 0.30 1.22 0.14 0.16 Limestone 1.64 1.66 1.72 1.65 1.67 1.70 Vegetle oil 2.20 - - 2.22 - - Supplement 2.89 2.73 2.64 2.91 2.74 2.65 Formulted to provide 300 mg Rumensin, 90 mg Tyln, nd 0.5 mg MGA per heifer dily
Growth Performnce Tril 2 Item Dry-rolled rolled corn Stem-flked corn 0% DDG 25% DDG 25% DDG 0% DDG 25% DDG 25% DDG 15% CS 15% CS 5% CS 15% CS 15% CS 5% CS SEM No. of pens (heifers) 4 (93) 4 (95) 4 (94) 4 (94) 4 (91) 4 (94) - Dys on feed 110 110 110 110 110 110 - Initil weight, l 830 830 830 830 832 832 0.95 Finl weight, l 1 1108 1117 1112 1134 1119 1119 8.19 Dry mtter intke, l c 18.44 18.46 17.14 17.80 16.96 15.55 0.33 Averge dily gin, l 1 2.53 2.58 2.58 2.78 2.62 2.60 0.18 F:G 1c 7.25 7.09 6.62 6.41 6.45 6.02 0.01 1 Crcss djusted; 63.5 Dressing percent Men of DRC diets vs. men of SFC diets; (P < 0.01) Men of 25% DDG nd 15% CS diets vs. men of 25% DDG nd 5% CS diets; ; (P 0.02) c Men of 0% DDG nd 15% CS diets vs. men of 25% DDG nd 5% CS diets; (P < 0.01)
Crcss Chrcteristics Tril 2 Item Dry-rolled rolled corn Stem-flked corn 0% DDG 25% DDG 25% DDG 0% DDG 25% DDG 25% DDG 15% CS 15% CS 5% CS 15% CS 15% CS 5% CS SEM Hot crcss weight, l 705 707 707 720 711 711 5.3 Dressing percent 63.3 64.3 65.0 63.3 63.9 65.3 0.4 Mrling score 1 519 517 522 528 531 530 7.3 Kidney pelvic hert ft, % 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 0.1 Bck ft over 12 ri, in 0.55 0.55 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.55 0.02 LM re, squre in 12.8 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.2 13.0 0.2 Liver scess, % 2.2 2.2 1.0 2.1 2.1 4.6 1.7 1 Mrling score; 500 = Smll Men of 0% DDG nd 15% CS diets vs. men of 25% DDG nd 15% CS diets; ; (P = 0.04) Men of 25% DDG nd 15% CS diets vs. men of 25% DDG nd 5% CS diets; ; (P < 0.01) c Men of 0% DDG nd 15% CS diets vs. men of 25% DDG nd 5% CS diets; (P < 0.01)
Qulity Grde Tril 2 Item Dry-rolled rolled corn Stem-flked corn 0% DDG 25% DDG 25% DDG 0% DDG 25% DDG 25% DDG 15% CS 15% CS 5% CS 15% CS 15% CS 5% CS SEM Prime, % 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 2.2 0.9 Choice, % 56.9 62.9 61.1 66.9 68.0 61.6 3.8 Upper 2/3, % 18.1 13.8 15.6 22.2 16.9 19.8 3.8 Select, % 40.0 37.1 34.8 32.0 31.0 34.0 3.8
Yield Grde Tril 2 Item Dry-rolled rolled corn Stem-flked corn 0% DDG 25% DDG 25% DDG 0% DDG 25% DDG 25% DDG 15% CS 15% CS 5% CS 15% CS 15% CS 5% CS SEM USDA yield grde 2.59 2.65 2.66 2.54 2.42 2.54 0.06 Clculted yield grde 2.90 2.83 2.89 2.94 2.86 2.88 0.07 Yield grde 1, % 6.5 4.2 7.4 8.5 11.8 5.6 2.47 Yield grde 2, % 36.7 39.5 35.6 39.3 39.3 42.8 4.75 Yield grde 3, % 48.2 45.7 41.9 73.7 41.4 42.78 4.26 Yield grde 4, % 8.6 8.5 12.9 7.5 6.4 8.77 3.38 Yield grde 5, % 0.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.72 Men of DRC diets vs. men of SFC diets; (P < 0.05)
Conclusions Tril 2 No significnt interctions etween grin source nd DDG Contrry to previous study, there were no deleterious effects of distiller s grins on performnce, or yield grde Performnce cn e improved with DDG diets y reducing roughge levels
Implictions When corn silge is used s the roughge source DDG is n effective replcement for SFC or DRC DDG cn replce portion of the roughge in diet with no deleterious effects on niml performnce
Why so different? Dry-rolled rolled nd Stem-flked corn responses to distiller s s grins Effect of incresed roughge levels nd type? Modultion of ruminl ph
Effect of Dry-Rolled or Stem-Flked Corn Finishing Diets with or without Distiller s s Dried Grins on Ruminl Fermenttion nd Apprent Totl Trct Digestion
Ojective The ojective of the study ws to evlute the digestiility of DDG in diets comprised of SFC or DRC
Mterils nd Methods 16 Holstein Steers (991 l) Ruminl cnnul Dosed with 200 mg Chromic Oxide Indigestile mrker 2 Smple periods 12 d dpttion period 3 d smple, 6 hour intervls 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 h Fed once dily (8 m) Ad liitum
Experimentl Diets Dry-rolled corn Stem-flked corn Item, % DM 0% DDG 25% DDG 0% DDG 25% DDG Stem-flked corn - - 70.72 53.78 Dry-rolled corn 71.28 54.44 - - Corn silge 17.04 16.96 16.72 16.71 DDGS - 24.85-24.49 Vegetle oil 2.19-2.15 - Soyen mel 4.32-4.41 - Ure 1.17 0.14 1.19 0.14 Limestone 1.58 1.60 1.61 1.62 Supplement 2.78 2.62 2.83 2.65 Minerls nd vitmins, % formulted to provide 1200 IU Vitmin A, 0.15 mg Co, 10 mg Cu, 0.5 mg I, 50 mg Mn nd 50 mg Zn per kg dry mtter. Feed dditive premix provided 200 mg monensin, nd 90 mg tylosin per niml dily in ground corn crrier.
Diet Composition Dry-rolled corn Stem-flked corn Item, % DM 0% DDG 25% DDG 0% DDG 25% DDG Ether extrct 5.80 5.24 5.81 5.24 Strch 54.82 42.60 55.07 43.74 NDF 13.13 17.52 13.63 17.58 Orgnic mtter 97.37 97.50 97.35 97.41
Apprent Totl Trct Digestion, % Dry-rolled corn Stem-flked corn Item 0% DDG 25% DDG 0% DDG 25% DDG SEM DM* 78.84 77.72 85.30 82.88 1.49 OM* 79.80 78.88 86.88 84.20 1.44 Strch* 88.99 89.60 98.56 98.84 1.16 NDF* 17.09 29.14 47.10 46.42 6.41 Ether extrct* 92.27 88.44 95.58 91.60 0.76 *Grin processing effect (P < 0.01) Dry distiller s grins effect (P < 0.01)
Ruminl ph ph 7.00 6.75 6.50 6.25 6.00 5.75 5.50 5.25 5.00 c c c c DRC CON DRC DDG SFC CON SFC DDG 4.75 0* 2 4 6 * 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Time, Hours *Grin processing effect (P < 0.05) Dry distiller s grins effect (P < 0.05) Grin processing y distiller s grins interction (P < 0.05),,c Within hour differ (P < 0.05)
Ruminl Lctte Concentrtion, mm 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 DRC CON DRC DDG SFC CON SFC DDG 1.0 0.5 0.0 0 2 * 4* 6* 8* 10* 12* 14* 16* 18 20 22 24 *Grin processing effect (P < 0.05) Time, Hours Dry distiller s grins effect (P < 0.05) Grin processing y distiller s grins interction (P < 0.05), Within hour differ (P < 0.05)
70 Ruminl Acette 60 Concentrtion, mm 50 40 30 20 10 0 DRC CON DRC DDG SFC CON SFC DDG 0 * 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 * 16 * 18 * 20* 22* 24 *Grin processing effect (P < 0.05) Time, Hours Dry distiller s grins effect (P < 0.05),,c Within hour differ (P < 0.05) c c c c
Ruminl Propionte Concentrtion, mm 70 60 50 40 30 20 DRC CON DRC DDG SFC CON SFC DDG 10 0 0 2 4 * 6 * 8 * 10 * 12 * 14 * 16 * 18 20 22 24 *Grin processing effect (P < 0.05) Time, Hours Dry distiller s grins effect (P < 0.05), Within hour differ (P < 0.05)
3.00 A:P Rtio 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 DRC CON DRC DDG SFC CON SFC DDG 0 * 2 * 4 * 6* 8 * 10* 12 * 14 * 16 * 18* 20 * 22* 24 Time, Hours *Grin processing effect (P < 0.05),,c Within hour differ (P < 0.05) c c c c
Concentrtion, mm 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Rumen Ammoni DRC CON DRC DDG SFC CON SFC DDG 0 * 2 4 6* 8 10 * 12 * 14 * 16* 18 * 20* 22* 24 *Grin processing effect (P < 0.05) Time, Hours Dry distiller s grins effect (P < 0.05) Grin processing y distiller s grins interction (P < 0.05),,c Within hour differ (P < 0.05) c c c c
Concentrtion, mm 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 Rumen Ammoni DRC CON DRC DDG SFC CON SFC DDG 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Time, Hours Stter nd Slyter (1974)
Implictions Rumen mmoni concentrtion my e deficient when dding DDG to SFC Fier digestion when dding DDG ppers to e different etween DRC nd SFC Increses in lctte when feeding DDG my e prolemtic When feeding DDG in SFC diets decreses in ruminl ph my cuse prolems
Seminr Implictions When dding distiller s s grins to diets cttle performnce is more responsive in DRC diets Roughge source s well s level is importnt when formulting diets contining distiller s grins DIP possile limiting in SFC diet contining DDG Ruminl lctte is incresed when feed DDG