Ch.Venkata Seshaiah, S. Jagadeeswara Rao, Y. Ramana Reddy, D.Nagalakshmi, M. Mahender and Ch. Harikrishna

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1 Effect of feeding processed sweet sorghum (Sorghum icolour (L) moench) crushed residue sed complete rtion on grow performnce nd feeding ehvior of murrh ufflo clves Ch.Venkt Seshih, S. Jgdeeswr Ro, Y. Rmn Reddy, D.Nglkshmi, M. Mhender nd Ch. Hrikrishn 3 1. Deprtment of Livestock Production nd Mngement College of Veterinry Science, Sri Venkteswr Veterinry University, Gnnvrm. Indi.; 2. Dept.of Animl Nutrition, CVSc, Rjendrngr, Hyded , Indi; 3. Deprtment of Livestock Production nd Mngement College of Veterinry Science, Sri Venkteswr Veterinry University, Rjendrngr, Hyderd, Indi. Corresponding uor: Ch.Venkt Seshih, emil:seshuchppidi@yhoo.com Received: , Accepted: , Pulished online: How to cite is rticle: Seshih CV, Ro SJ, Reddy YR, Nglkshmi D, Mhender M nd Hrikrishn C (2013) Effect of feeding processed sweet sorghum (Sorghum icolour (L) moench) crushed residue sed complete rtion on grow performnce nd feeding ehvior of murrh ufflo clves, Vet World 6(3): , doi: /vetworld Astrct Aim: The ojective of e present study is to know e effect of feeding processed sweet sorghum (Sorghum icolour (L) moench) crushed residue (SSCR) sed complete rtion on grow, feeding ehvior nd cost of gin in Murrh ufflo clves in order to compre e feeding vlue of SSCR wi sorghum strw (SS) nd lso find out e efficient wy of utiliztion of SSCR in e diets of growing ufflo clves. Mterils nd Meods: Experimentl complete rtions were formulted wi SSCR nd concentrte in 50:50 rtio nd processed in to SSCR chopped nd concentrte (SSCRC), msh (SSCRM) nd expnder extruder pellets (SSCRP). The control rtion ws SS sed complete feed processed in to msh (SSM). 24 Murrh ufflo clves (Averge 137 kg ody weight nd ged 1 yer 2 mons) were rndomly distriuted into 4 experimentl groups of 6 nimls ech in completely rndomized design nd e experimentl rtions were offered to 4 groups rndomly for period of 150 dys. A 7 dy digestion tril ws conducted t e end of 150 dy grow tril to find out e nutrient digestiility of experimentl rtions. Eting nd ruminting ctivities were noted every 5 minutes, nd ech ctivity ws ssumed to persist for e entire 5 minutes. Sorting ehvior in e clves ws oserved physiclly t e time of feeding. The cost of e rtions ws clculted on e sis of processing cost nd e previling mrket prices of e feed ingredients. Results: The DM intke (g/d), digestiilities of DM, orgnic mtter, crude protein nd nitrogen free extrct nd nitrogen (N) lnce were higher (P<0.05) in ufflo clves fed SSCRP rtion ut, comprle mong SSCRC, SSCRM nd SSM rtions. Higher (P<0.01) verge dily gin (g), lower feed conversion rtio (FCR) ws oserved in clves fed SSCRP rtion, while comprle mong SSCRC, SSCRM nd SSM rtions. Eting, rumintion nd totl chewing time (minutes/d, minutes/kg DMI nd minutes/kg NDFI) nd numer of chews for eting, rumintion nd totl chewing (per d, per kg DMI nd per kg NDFI) were higher (P<0.01) in clves fed SSCRC rtion nd lower (P<0.01) in SSCRP rtion nd comprle mong SSCRM nd SSM rtions. Sorting nd selection of rtion ginst lrge firous prticles in fvour of concentrte portion of e rtion ws oserved in SSCRC rtion nd ws not oserved in SSCRP, SSCRM nd SSM rtions. lower (P<0.05) cost (INR) per kg gin ws oserved in ufflo clves fed SSCRP rtion n ose fed SSCRC, SSCRM nd SSM rtions. Conclusion: The present study indicted t SSCR my e used s roughge source in plce of SS in complete feeds for economic feeding of ufflo clves. Furer, expnder-extruder processing of e complete rtion improved feed intke, grow rte, feed efficiency nd decresed sorting ehvior nd cost of feeding compred to msh nd chopped forms of e rtion. Keywords: ufflo clves, complete rtions, cost economics, feeding ehvior, grow, sweet sorghum crushed residue Introduction Sweet sorghum (Sorghum icolour (L) moench), dry lnd crop is more wter use efficient nd recently gining importnce s feedstock for enol production [1]. In generl, it cn produce stlk t/h [2]. The crushed residue produced fter juice extrction from stlks cn e used s niml feed [3]. The feed vlue of e sweet sorghum crushed residue is not less n e vlue of non-sweet stem t is currently e min sty of feed mrket in nd round Hyderd [4]. Feeding of roughges under complete diet system improved e pltility nd utiliztion of ulky crop residues [5]. Vrious processing meods like grinding [6] nd pelleting [7] improved e dry mtter intke nd digestiility of nutrients. Now dy's expnders re eing used in feed industry s n lterntive for pelleting for processing of livestock feeds [8,9]. The ojective of e present study ws to know e effect of feeding processed SSCR sed complete rtion on grow, nutrient digestiility, feed efficiency, feeding ehvior nd cost per kg weight gin in Murrh ufflo clves in order to compre e feeding vlue of SSCR wi sorghum strw (SS) nd lso find out e efficient wy of utiliztion of SSCR in e diets of growing ufflo clves. Mterils nd Meods The vriety of sweet sorghum used in e present 151

2 Tle-1. Ingredient nd chemicl composition of experimentl complete rtions Ingredient/Nutrient SSM SSCRC SSCRM SSCRP Ingredient composition (kg/100kg) Mize Ground nut cke Sunflower cke Deoiled rice rn Molsses Ure Minerl mixture Slt Sweet sorghum crushed residue Jowr strw (CSV-5 vriety) Vitminutes AD 3 (g/qt) Chemicl composition (% DM sis) Dry mtter Orgnic mtter Crude protein Eer extrct Crude fire Nitrogen free extrct Neutrl detergent fire Acid detergent fire Hemicellulose Cellulose Lignin * Ech vlue is e verge of ree oservtions. On dry mtter sis except for dry mtter study ws SSV 84 developed y ICRISAT (Inter- A period of rumintion ws defined s t lest 5 ntionl Crops reserch Institute for e Semi Arid minutes of rumintion occurring fter t lest 5 minutes Tropics) nd propgted y e frmers in Medk wiout rumintion ctivity. Totl chewing time ws District of Andhr Prdesh. The crop ws hrvested t determined s e sum of totl eting nd ruminting 135 dys fter sowing nd crushed t e decentrlized times. The numer of chews per dy ws clculted y sweet sorghum crushing unit estlished y ICRISAT e following formuls [13]. t Irhimd villge of Medk District in Andhr Eting chews (numer dy)= X eting time Prdesh. The required quntity of SSCR ws procured (minutes/d). Ruminting chews (numer per dy)= X ruminting from e crushing unit nd sundried for e preprtion time (minutes/d). of experimentl rtions. Twenty four Murrh ufflo Totl chews (numer per d)= X totl chewing time clves wi uniform ody weight (137 kg) nd ge (minutes/d). (1yer 2 mons) were distriuted rndomly into four Sorting ehvior of e clves oserved physiclly experimentl groups of six nimls ech in completely during feeding of e clves for lst ree dys of e rndomized design. Experimentl complete rtions grow tril. Sttisticl nlysis of e dt ws crried were formulted wi SSCR nd concentrte in 50:50 out ccording to e procedures suggested [14]. The rtio nd processed in to chopped SSCR nd concentrte costs of e rtions were clculted on e sis of (SSCRC), msh (SSCRM) nd expnder-extruder pellets processing cost nd e previling mrket prices of e (SSCRP). The control diet ws formulted using sorghum feed ingredients. strw (SS) in e sme roughge to concentrte rtio nd processed in to msh form (SSM). The complete Eicl pprovl: The study ws pproved y rtions were offered to four groups of ufflo clves Institutionl Animl Eics Committee on 17 Octoer rndomly for period of 150 dys. The nimls were 2010 weighed fortnightly for 3 consecutive dys efore Results nd Discussion offering feed nd wter in e morning. A 7 dy digestion tril ws conducted t e end of 150 dy grow tril. Chemicl composition of SSCR: SSCR on dry The smples were nlyzed for proximte principles mtter sis contined 92.5% dry mtter (DM), [10] nd fire frctions [11]. Metolizle energy 90.75% orgnic mtter (OM), 3.94% crude protein (ME) vlues were clculted from totl digestile (CP), 1.89% eer extrct (EE), 37.58% crude fire nutrients (TDN) using fctors suggested [12]. Eting (CF), 47.34% nitrogen free extrct (NFE), 9.2 % totl nd ruminting ehvior were monitored visully for sh (TA), 74.76% neutrl detergent fier (NDF), 24 h period in shifts of 8 hours during e lst 3 dys of 42.93% cid detergent fier (ADF), 31.84% cellulose, e grow tril. Eting nd ruminting ctivities were 37.75% hemicellulose nd 4.24% lignin. The noted every 5 minutes, nd ech ctivity ws ssumed proximte principles of SSCR were comprle wi to persist for e entire 5 minutes. To estimte e time sorghum nd mize stovers [15]. The CP per cent of spent for eting, ruminting nd totl chewing per kg SSCR ws comprle wi sorghum stover [16]. dry mtter intke (DMI) nd neutrl detergent fire The NDF nd ADF content of sorghum nd mize intke (NDFI), e ctul intke for t dy ws used. stovers [15] nd stripped leves of sweet sorghum 152

3 Tle-2. Effect of feeding differently processed sweet sorghum crushed residue sed complete rtions on nutrient digestiility (%) in murrh ufflo clves Nutrient SSM SSCRC SSCRM SSCRP SE 0.75 Intke (unit/kg w ) Dry mtter (g) Wter intke (g) Nutrient digestiility Dry mtter Orgnic mtter Crude protein Eer extrct Crude fire Nitrogen free extrct Neutrl detergent fire Acid detergent fire Hemicellulose Cellulose Nitrogen intke (g) Nitrogen Blnce (g/d) Nutritive vlue of e rtions Digestile crude protein (%) Totl digestile nutrient (%) Metolizle energy (MJ) Ech vlue is e verge of ree oservtions,,: vlues ering different superscripts in row differ significntly (P<0.05) hyrids [4] were comprle wi SSCR. However, compred to ose fed SSCRC, SSCRM nd SSM compred to SSCR, lower vlues of NDF (52.82%) nd rtions (Tle-2) reflecting CP digestiility pttern ADF (46.51%) content were reported in sorghum mong e experimentl rtions. Higher N lnce stover [16] might e due to difference in stge of might e due to etter CP digestiility of expnder- hrvesting. extruder rtion over msh nd chopped form of e The chemicl composition of processed SSCR rtions [20]. All e ufflo clves showed positive rtions were comprle (Tle-1) s e processing nitrogen lnce. does not hve ny effect on chemicl composition Nutritive vlue: Higher (P<0.05) DCP (%) content nd mong msh nd pelleted rtions [17]. intke in ufflo clves fed SSCRP rtion (Tle 2) Dry mtter intke: The DMI (g/d) ws higher (P<0.05) might e due to higher (P<0.05) digestiility nd in ufflo clves fed SSCRP rtion, while comprle intke of CP due to expnder-extruder processing [5]. mong SSCRC, SSCRM nd SSM rtions (Tle 2). The trend of TDN (%) nd ME (MJ/kg DM) content This might e due to more pltility of pelleted rtion nd intke of SSCRP rtion ws similr to t of DCP resulted into more feed intke of expnder-extruder (%) content nd intke ut e difference mong e complete diets [5,18]. rtions were not significnt. All e ufflo clves fed However, no significnt difference ws found in differently processed complete rtions met e DM, wter intke mong ufflo clves fed different DCP nd TDN requirements recommended [21]. experimentl rtions. Feeding ehvior: Eting, rumintion nd totl chewing Nutrient digestiilities: The verge DM, OM, CP nd time (minutes/d, minutes/kg DMI nd minutes/kg NFE digestiilities were higher (P<0.05) in clves fed NDFI) nd numer of chews for eting, rumintion nd SSCRP rtion, ut comprle mong SSCRC, totl chewing (per d, per kg DMI nd per kg NDFI) SSCRM nd SSM rtions (Tle-2). This might e due were higher (P<0.01) in ufflo clves fed SSCRC to het tretment of e complete rtion during rtion compred to ose fed SSCRM, SSCRP nd expnder-extruder processing which might hve SSM rtions nd lower (P<0.01) in clves fed SSCRP protected protein from ruminl degrdtion resulted rtion compred to ose fed SSCRC, SSCRM nd for higher CP digestiility nd might lso helps in SSM rtions. This might e due lrger prticle size nd geltiniztion of e strch components of e feed nd less dense nture of e SSCRC rtion compred to loosening of e onds etween lignin nd solule SSCRP, SSCRM nd SSM rtions. Lower eting nd crohydrtes (hemicellulose, xylose etc.) which in chewing time in ufflo clves fed SSCRP rtion might turn resulted in higher (P<0.05) energy digestiility [8]. e due to esier consumption of e pellets [19] However, significnt difference ws not oserved resulting on higher intkes [18]. The rumintion time in e digestiilities of CF nd EE nd cell wll per unit DM intke decresed wi decresing dietry constituents mong e differently processed SSCR prticle size [22] in cttle corroortes wi e present rtions nd wi control rtion corroorting e findings of lower rumintion in SSCRP followed y SSCRM nd SSM rtions. findings [8, 19]. However, e difference in time required nd numer Nitrogen lnce: The N intke (g/d) nd N lnce of chews for eting, rumintion nd totl chewing were (g/d) were higher (P<0.05) in clves fed SSCRP rtion not significnt in ufflo clves fed SSCRM nd SSM 153

4 rtions (Tle-3) ecuse of e similr physicl properties of e complete rtions. Sorting nd selection of rtion ginst longer prticles of SSCR in fvour of smller prticles of e concentrte portion of e rtion ws oserved in clves fed SSCRC rtion compred to SSCRP, SSCRM nd SSM rtions. Similr findings were reported in Holstein Friesin heifers [23] nd cttle [24]. However, sorting ws not oserved in SSCRP, SSCRM nd SSM rtions. Sorting of e complete rtion cn e prevented y pelleting nd grinding of e feed [25]. Grow rte nd cost economics: The higher (P<0.05) feed intke nd higher (P<0.01) verge dily gin (g) in ufflo clves fed SSCRP rtion (Tle-4) might e due to esier consumption of pelleted rtion nd efficient digestiility of nutrients [8] compred to chopped form of e rtion. Even ough e verge dily feed intke (kg/d) mong SSCRM, SSCRP nd SSM rtions were not significntly different, higher (1.32%) dily feed intke (kg/d) in ufflo clves fed SSCRP rtion ws oserved compred to SSCRM nd SSM rtions. The FCR nd cost per kg gin (INR) ws lower (P<0.01) in ufflo clves fed SSCRP rtion compred to ose fed SSCRC, SSCRM nd SSM rtions (Tle- 4). This might e due to efficient digestiility of DM, doi: /vetworld Tle-3. Effect of feeding processed sweet sorghum crushed residue sed complete rtions on eting nd rumintion in murrh ufflo clves Prmeter Rtion Men ±SEM SSM SSCRC SSCRM SSCRP Eting Minutes/d ±5.72 Minutes/kg DMI c ±1.54 Minutes/Kg NDFI ±2.90 No. of chews/d ± Chews/kg DMI ± Chews/kg NDFI ± Ruminting Minutes/d ±10.77 Minutes/kg DMI ±2.96 Minutes/Kg NDFI ±5.56 No. of chews/d ± Chews/kg DMI c ± Chews/kg NDFI ± Totl chewing Minutes/d ±16.45 Minutes/kg DMI ±4.49 Minutes/Kg NDFI ±8.44 No. of chews/d ± Chews/kg DMI ± Chews/kg NDFI ± Ech vlue is e verge of four oservtions,,: vlues ering different superscripts in row differ significntly (P<0.01) Tle-4. Effect of feeding differently processed sweet sorghum crushed residue sed complete rtions on grow rte, feed efficiency nd cost economics in Murrh ufflo clves Prmeter SSM SSCRC SSCRM SSCRP SE Initil Weight (kg) Finl weight (kg) ** Weight gin (kg) ** Averge dily gin ( g/d)** Feed intke (kg/d) * Feed conversion Rtio (kg/kg gin)** c Cost/kg gin (Rs) ** Ech vlue is e verge of six oservtions,,: vlues ering different superscripts in row differ significntly (P<0.01) OM, CP nd NFE in ufflo clves fed SSCRP rtion n ose fed SSCRC, SSCRM nd SSM rtions corroorting e findings [17]. Even ough FCR ws not significnt in ufflo clves fed eier SSM or SSCRC nd SSCRM rtions, e cost/kg gin (INR) ws lower ((P<0.01) in ufflo clves fed SSCRM nd SSCRC rtions n ose fed SSM rtion due to higher cost of sorghum strw (INR-4) compred to SSCR (INR-1). Conclusion Bsed on e results of e present study it ws concluded t SSCR my e used s roughge source in plce of SS in complete feeds for economic grow rte in ufflo clves. Furer, expnder-extruder processing of e complete rtion improved feed intke, grow rte, feed efficiency nd decresed sorting ehvior nd cost of feeding compred to msh nd chopped forms of e rtion. Auor's contriution CVS, SJR, YRR nd DN implemented e study design. CVS nd MM recorded nd nlysed e dt. CVS, SJR, YRR nd DN drfted nd revised e mnuscript. All uor red nd pproved e finl mnuscript 154

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