1. Nasal cavity Alveoli Technically its bronchioles. pharynx LARYNX trachea Primary bronchi lung diaphragm
2. What are the five functions of the nose? Serves as a resonating chamber for speech gives tone to voice filters air warms air detects odors in the airstream Provides an airway for respiration
3. Where would you find stratified squamous epithelium cells? In the respiratory system: the oropharynx and laryngopharynx
4. What are the three functions of the larynx. Sound production passageway for air and food KEEPS FOOD AND DRINK OUT OF THE AIRWAY ACTS AS A SPHINCTER
5. What is the difference between the true vocal chords and the false vocal chords? And when do you use each of them? True vocal cords produce sound when air passes through, false vocal cords do not. The true vocal cords are used whenever you talk, and the false are used when you swallow to help stop food from entering the trachea (the epiglottis is also used, but truthfully it isn t as useful as most people believe.)
6. What helps stabilize the trachea and prevent it from collapsing? C-rings of hyaline cartilage.
7. What is the path of the air after it enters the bronchi? Bronchi secondary bronchioles tertiary bronchioles - alveoli Left and right primary bronchi Secondary bronchi (one for each lobe) tertiary bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducts alveolar sacs
8. Why does the LEFT lung only have 2 lobes and what is the space called?
9. What is a condition that affects divers when they surface too fast? Not completely sure, but somehow hypoxia came to mind... Actually its nitrogen narcosis
10. What are the 9 patterns of breathing explained in the anatomy handout? Eupnea- normal, relaxed quiet breathing Hyperventiation- when the body releases more CO2 faster than it s produced Hypoventiation- breathing is vey slow, CO2 builds up. Orthopnea- difficulty breathing when lying down in a sleeping position Dyspnea- labored breathing Respiratory arrest- permanent stop of breathing Forgot the rest THE REST ARE APNEA,HYPERNIA,AND TACHYPNEA
11. How do you find vital capacity? Isn t it something like TV + IC? TV+IRV+ERV
12. How do you find Inspiratory capacity? TV + IRV?
13. How do you find Functional residual capacity? VC IRV? ERV+RV
14. How do you find Total lung capacity? RV + IRV? VC+RV
15. MATCH THE DESCRIPTION AND THE DISEASE COPD -- I DESCRIPTIONS: a) the common cold b) a malignant clump of pulmonary tissue c) lower respiratory that causes a build of fluid d) caused by allergens e) inflammation of the pleura f) inflammation of the vocal chords g) excess fluid in the lungs h) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis I) long term obstruction of the airways j) an inherited disease k) cessation of breathing while asleep L) oxygen deficiency m) alveolar walls break down n) mucus clogging the airway o) oxygen toxicity
16. Asthma -- D
17. Emphysema -- m
18. Pneumonia C G
19. Sleep apnea -- K
20. Cystic fibrosis -- j
21. Tuberculosis -- h
22. Pulmonary edema g C
23. Pleurisy -- e
24. Lung cancer -- B
25. Hypoxia -- L
26. Oxygen toxicity -- o
27. Chronic bronchitis -- n
28. Acute rhinitis -- a
29. Laryngitis -- f
30. What is the interaction of the muscular and respiratory system? The muscular system helps the respiratory system during inhalation by moving the diaphragm down, and skeletal muscles help keep the lungs from collapsing during exhalation.
31. What are some effects of exercise on the respiratory and the digestive systems? Exercise helps strengthen the lungs and increases lung capacity, and exercise basically pauses the digestive system.
32. What is the alimentary canal? The digestive system IT IS THE CONTINOUS HOLE THAT RUNS FROM THE MOUTH TO THE ANUS. DOES NOT CONTAIN THE ACCESORY ORGANS.
33. What organs make up the alimentary canal? Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. INCLUDES THE PHARYNX
34. What is the digestive process? Process of digestion: food enters mouth, swallowed and travels down esophagus to stomach, is then taken to small intestine, then large, and finally waste is ready for removal
35. Name the types of teeth and how many are found in a normal human. Cuspids, bicuspids, eye-teeth, and then another type that I forgot Is it molars? I believe that the average person has 36 teeth. I WAS ASKING MORE FOR INSCISORS-8 ect and its 32.
36. What is the main process by which food moves through the esophagus? Peristalsis
37. What kind of cells produce the hydrochloric acid in the stomach? Anaerobic? PARIETAL CELLS.
38. True or false? Most of the absorption in the digestive system takes place in the stomach. False, most absorption takes place in the large intestine SMALL INTESTINE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! LEARN THIS!!!!!!!!!!!!!
39. What are the three parts of the small intestine? And write them in order. Duodenum, jejenum, illuem
40. What are the accessory organs to the intestines? Appendix, gall bladder, pancreas, liver, kidneys.
41. What are the three parts of the large intestine? Ascending, transverse, descending I WAS LOOKIG FOR COLON RECTUM AND ANUS..
42. What is the function of the salivary glands? Makes food moist using saliva produced in them, starts chemical breakdown of food.
43. What is the function of the liver? Produce bile
44. What is the function of the gall bladder? Stores bile
45. What is the function of the pancreas? Produces amylase or pepsin? Or an enzyme of some sort.
46. What is the scientific name of the bacteria that causes stomach ulcers? No clue. Heliobacter pylori
47. Where are some places you can find cancer in the digestive system? Mouth, esophagus, stomach
48. True or false? Diarrhea is extremely harmful in infants if its prolonged. True
49. What sugar are you unable to digest if you are lactose intolerant? Lactose
50. Are they ways to prevent lactose intolerance symptoms? Yes, anti-diarreals should work. You can also avoid drinking animal milks.
51. How many types of hepatitis are there? And what are their names? 3; Hepatitis a, b and c.
52. What is the treatment for appendicitis? Remove the appendix
53. What is Celiac disease? Not exactly sure, but judging from the name it has to do with the celia in the large intestine. YOU CAN T DIGEST GLUTEN THIS A NATIONALS DISEASE FYI.
55. What is the function of insoluble fiber in the diet? Regulates digestion
56. What is the role of soluble fiber in digestion? Provides vitamins STABALIZES BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS
57. List and explain the four processes of the respiratory system. 1. Provide O2 for the blood that s why we inhale 2. Expel CO2 from the blood That s why we exhale 3. Balance ph of blood Acidity of the blood rises(?) with the CO2 level in it 4. Allows for sound production without air, we wouldn t be able to talk due to the structure of our larynx.
58. What is the glottis? Part of the larynx, basically the collective name of the vocal cords and false vocal cords together.
59. What is the function of the epiglottis? Helps to block the trachea so food does not enter it.
60. List and explain the two gas laws. Boyle s Law? Charles s Law--? 60. Boyle s law - at constant temperature, the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume. Charles Law - the volume of a given quantity of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature As the inhaled air is warmed, it expands and inflates the lungs.
Answer key to the power point 1. 1. Nasal cavity 2. Pharynx 3. Larynx 4.Trachea 5. Bronchi 6. Lung 7. Diaphragm 8. Bronchioles a. Number 2. b. Provides an airway for respiration. c. Moistens and warms entering air. d. Filters and cleans inspired air. e. Resonating chamber for speech. f. Detects odors in the airstream 2. See above b- f 3. In the pharynx; oropharynx and the laryngopharynx 4. V a. Keeps food and drink out of the airway b. Sound production (voice box) c. Acts a sphincter 5. True Vocal Cords: Vocal folds along with the larynx take care of the major sounds produced in humans through the oscillation of the dual folds. When these dual vocal folds are brought close to each other there would a buildup of air pressure beneath the voice box. False Vocal Cords: These vocal folds exist at a slightly higher position to the true cords. They are also a pair of thick mucous membrane and are there to protect the true cords. The role they play in normal phonetics is minimal (true folds take care of this). But, for producing musical screaming and vocal styles such as death growl or deep sounds like in Tibetan chanting, these cords are useful. 6. Cartilage rings 7. Left and right primary bronchi Secondary bronchi (one for each lobe) tertiary bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducts alveolar sacs 8. It makes room for the heart and the space is called the cardiac notch. 9. Nitrogen narcosis 10. K a. Apnea b. Dyspnea c. Eupnia d. Hypernia e. Hyperventilation f. Hypoventilation g. Orthopnea h. Respiratory arrest i. Tachypnea 11. VC=TV + IRV + ERV 12. IC = TV + IRV 13. FRC = ERV +RV 14. TLC = VC + RV 15. I
16. D 17. M 18. G 19. K 20. J 21. H 22. C 23. E 24. B 25. L 26. O 27. N 28. A 29. F 30. The Intercostal Muscles and the Diaphragm work together to allow breathing to occur. 31. During exercise the muscle cells use up more oxygen and produce increased amounts of carbon dioxide. a. The lungs and heart have to work harder to supply the extra oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide. b. Your breathing rate increases and you breathe more deeply. Heart rate also increases in order to transport the oxygenated blood to the muscles. c. Muscle cell respiration increases - more oxygen is used up and levels of carbon dioxide rise. d. The brain detects increasing levels of carbon dioxide - a signal is sent to the lungs to increase breathing. e. Breathing rate and the volume of air in each breath increase - This means that more gaseous exchange takes place. f. The brain also tells the heart to beat faster so that more blood is pumped to the lungs for gaseous exchange. g. More oxygenated blood is gets to the muscles and more carbon dioxide is removed. 32. It is canal that runs from the mouth to the anus. It is like the hole in the doughnut if you think of the rest of your body as the dough. 33. The mouth, the pharynx, the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, and the large intestine(colon). 34. It includes ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and elimination. 35. Incisors- 8. Canines- 4. Biscupids- 8. Molars- 12. 36. Peristalsis. 37. Parietal cells 38. False. Most of it happens in the small intestine. 39. The duodenum. Then the jejunum. And lastly the ileum. 40. The liver, gall bladder, and the pancreas. 41. The colon, rectum and anus.
42. Secretes salivary amylase in saliva into the mouth for breakdown of starch. 43. Provides bile salts to the small intestine, which are critical for digestion and absorption of fats. 44. It stores bile. 45. Provides digestive enzymes to the small intestine which are critical for digestion of fats, carbohydrates and protein. 46. Heliobacter pylori 47. Any of the organs that are listed a. Mouth b. Esophagus c. Stomach d. Small intestine e. Large intestine f. Rectum g. Anus h. Liver i. Pancreas j. Gall bladder 48. True 49. Lactose 50. You can take pills or avoid milk, substitute for soy/almond milk. 51. 3; hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. 52. The removal of the appendix 53. When a person can t properly digest gluten. 54. Soluble and insoluble. 55. It can t be dissolved in water, so it draws moisture to the large intestine making the waste increase in bulk and softness. (makes it easier to go) 56. Soluble fiber makes you feel fuller longer, and keeps the blood sugar levels more stable as it has a slow absorption rate. 57. Pulmonary ventilation - movement of air into the lungs (inspiration) and movement of air out of the lungs (expiration) a. External respiration - movement of oxygen from the lungs to the blood and movement of carbon dioxide from the blood to the lungs b. Transport of respiratory gases - Transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and transport of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs c. Internal respiration - Movement of oxygen from blood to the tissue cells and movement of carbon dioxide from tissue cells to blood 58. It s the opening to the larynx. 59. It s to prevent food and drink from entering the airway when you swallow. 60. Boyle s law - at constant temperature, the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume. Charles Law - the volume of a given quantity of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature As the inhaled air is warmed, it expands and inflates the lungs.