Histology 101 Identify and describe the functions of major tissue types including their subclasses and varieties Name: Block: "1
Introduction to Tissues Histology Notes Tissue (living fabric) : groups of cells that are similar in structure & have a common function. 4 Main Tissue Types: (each have many subclasses and varieties) 1. - protection/secretion/absorption/filtration 2. - support/structure 3. - movement 4. - communication/control Epithelial Tissue Main Functions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Special Characteristics: 1. little extracellular matrix- mostly cells 2. bound together by tight junctions 3. always has an apical and basal surface 4. no blood vessels within it- diffusion provides nutrients and carries away waste- lots of nerve fibers. 5. for reinforcement and connection, also defines boundaries 6. replace lost cells rapidly through cell division "2
Classification of Epithelia The combination of & is used to name the tissue. 1. Shape of cells a. -flattened & scalelike b. - square shaped c. column shaped (rectangular) 2. Number of cell layers a. simple i. layer of cells ii. found in areas of selective absorption & filtration b. stratified i. layers of cells ii. usually in areas of high abrasion-protection/secretion c. pseudostratified i. layers- single layer that looks like two ii. found in respiratory tract ii non-ciliated found in male urethra d. transitional - multiple layers of epithelial cells, "hodge-podge" i. found in - can look cubodial until bladder stretches, then looks squamous. Location and Function Overview A. line body cavity open to exterior (ex. digestive, respiratory, urogenital), helps waterproof and protect body (skin) and lines all closed body systems. B. secrete products into tissues, ducts, or blood. Classified by methods of secretion and number of cells. "3
Epithelial Lab Stations: Complete specifics for each lab station. Be sure to label all drawings as we discussed in class. Station 1: Simple Squamous epithelium label: Nucleus of squamous epithelial cells Function: Location in body: Station 2: Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Label: Nucleus, basement membrane, connective tissue. Function: Location in body: Station 3: Simple Columnar epithelium Label: nucleus, basement membrane, connective tissue Function: Location: Station 4: Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium "4
Label: cilia, nucleus, goblet cell, basement membrane, connective tissue Function: Location: Station 5: Stratified Squamous epithelium Label: Nucleus, basement membrane, connective tissue Function: Location: Identify the following types of epithelial tissue a. Pseudostratified b. simple columnar c. simple cuboidal d. simple squamous e. stratified squamous f. transitional 1. forms the esophagus lining and the skin epidermis 2. forms the lining of the stomach and small intestine 3. found in lung tissue (aveolar sacs) 4. forms the collecting tubules of the kidney 5. forms the lining of the trachea 6. found in the bladder lining; peculiar cells that slide over one another 7. forms thin serous membranes; a single layer of flattened cells "5
Connective Tissue INTRODUCTION A. Most Abundant & widely distributed B. major functions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Characteristics A. originate from (embryonic tissue) B. varying degrees of (blood supply) C. composed largely of D. composed of structural proteins Structural Elements A. extracellular matrix 1. ground substance-functions as molecular sieve to diffuse nutrients a. contains cells, fibers, fluid 2. fibers a. collagen fibers-tough for b. elastic fibers- with recoil c. reticular fibers- continuous with collagen fibers- B. cells (many types) 1. prefixes (fibro, osteo, chondro, hemo) 2. suffixes (blast, cyte, clast) "6
Adipose Connective Tissue Loose or Dense? (circle one) Label: nucleus of fat cell, vacuole cont. fat droplet Function: Location: Hyaline Cartilage Label: nucleus of chondrocyte, matrix Function: Location: Elastic Cartilage Label: matrix, nucleus of chondrocyte Function: Location: Fibrocartilage Label: collagen fiber, nucleus of chondrocyte Function: Location: Bone Label: osteoctes in lacunae Function: Location: "7
Blood: Label: red blood cell, white blood cell Function: Location: Identify the following connective tissue types: insert the appropriate letter or corresponding tern in the answer blanks. a. adipose connective tissue c. dense fibrous connective tissue d. reticular connective tissue b. areolar connective tissue d. osseous tissue e. hyaline cartilage 1. provides great strength through parallel bundles of collagenic fibers; found in tendons 2. acts as a storage depot for fat 3. composes the dermis of the skin 4. forms the bony skeleton 5. composes the basement membrane and packages organs; includes a gel-like matrix with all categories of fibers and many cell types 6. forms the embryonic skeleton and the surfaces of bones at the joints; reinforces the trachea 7. provides insulation for the body 8. structurally amorphous matrix, heavily invaded with fibers; appears glassy and smoth 9. contains cells arranged concentrically around a nutrient canal, matrix is hard due to calcium salts 10. forms the stroma or internal "skeleton" of lymph nodes, the spleen and other lymphoid organs "8
Muscle Tissue Characteristics 1. 2. 3. Main Function- Classification 1. a. multinucleated b. striated c. voluntary d. attached to bone 2. a. uninucleate b. non-striated c. involuntary d. viscera of hollow internal organs 3. a. uninucleate b. striated c. intercalated discs d. contraction properties e. involuntary f. wall of heart "9
Nervous Tissue Location: brain, spinal cord, nerves Structure a. neurons-generate and conduct impulses 1. branching cells 2. usually non-regenerative b. neuroglia- support, insulate, protect neurons Lab Stations: Skeletal Muscle Label: nucleus, muscle fiber Striated? YES or NO (circle one) Function: Location: Smooth Muscle Label: nucleus Striated? YES or NO (circle one) Function: "10
Location: Cardiac Muscle Label: nucleus, intercalated disc Striated? YES or NO (circle one) Function: Location: Nervous Tissue Label: nuclei of supporting cells, cell body, nucleus, dendrite Function: Location: "11
The three types of muscle tissue exhibit certain similarities and differences. Check the appropriate spaces in the following table to indicate which muscle types exhibit each characteristic. "12