Sun 7/12 2:45 PM - E171 Effective Crp Grwth Management in the Nursery Amy Fulcher Effective Crp Grwth Management in the Nursery Mdifying Grwth Part II: Hydrangea and Rse Dr. Amy Fulcher Assistant Prfessr, UT Department f Plant Sciences Pht Credit: Andy Pulte Mdifying Grwth Mdifying Grwth Pht Credit Ethan Hagen and Amy Fulcher Pruning is the Standard Pruning Respnse Unpruned Pht Credt: Jim Owen 1 branch OR Multibranch Pht Credit: Jim Owen AmericanHrt prvides this n a Nt Fr Publicatin basis. Publicatin f this infrmatin, in part r whle, is nly permissible thrugh written permissin f the authr(s). 1
Pruning Respnse Unpruned N net increase in branches still 2 branches! 1 branch OR Pruning Respnse Multibranch Increase in number f branches 2 t 4 branches! PGRs in Ornamentals Unpruned Cntrl plant size Increase branching Prmte flwering Increase flwer number Multibranch Hydrangea Nearly 10 millin plants sld Accunts fr 9% f all deciduus shrubs sld Only surpassed in number by rses Over $73 millin in sales Accunts fr 11% f ttal sales frm deciduus shrubs Only surpassed in value by rses Abdelgadir et al., 2010; Hammnd et al., 2007; Hlland et al., 2007; Lutken et al., 2012; Stuart, 1961 Hydrangea Mrphlgy Hydrangeas have a terminal inflrescence Mre branches = mre flwers = mre better! USDA 2009 Yung plant Sparse fliage Limited branching PGRs tested (Chemical pincher) Benzyladenine (Branch inducer) Ethephn (Ethylene prducer) PGRs vary amng cultivars 2
Treatment (PPM) 2011 Branch increase 2012 Branch Increase Treatment (PPM) 2011 Branch increase 2012 Branch Increase 48.0 a 38.6 a 48.0 a 38.6 a 1 40.1 a 40.2 a 1 40.1 a 40.2 a 300 4.7 bcd 14.5 b 300 4.7 bcd 14.5 b 8.7 bc 14.1 b 8.7 bc 14.1 b 3.5 d 15.3 b 3.5 d 15.3 b 13.8 b 13.8 b Water cntrl 3.7 cd 12.6 b Water cntrl 3.7 cd 12.6 b Hand pruning 12.7 b 16.1 b Hand pruning 12.7 b 16.1 b < < P value < < P value Cchran and Fulcher, 2013 Cchran and Fulcher, 2013 Treatment (PPM) 2011 Branch increase 2012 Branch Increase Dikegulac 48.0 a 38.6 a Dikegulac 1 40.1 a 40.2 a 300 4.7 bcd 14.5 b 8.7 bc 14.1 b 3.5 d 15.3 b 13.8 b Water cntrl 3.7 cd 12.6 b Hand pruning 12.7 b 16.1 b < < P value Cchran and Fulcher, 2013 Flwers: Pruning remved flwer primrdia 78% fewer flwers than ther treatments Plant Shape: increased plant symmetry withut decreasing flwer # Cchran and Fulcher, 2013 Other Hydrangeas Hydrangea macrphylla Nikk Blue Hydrangea paniculata Limelight Hydrangea macrphylla Merritt s Supreme Merritt s Supreme Pht credit: Guihng Bi Hydrangea macrphylla Nikk Blue Lateral Branching at Bud Set Branch- inducing trt Pinched cntrl ppm Trial 1 (GA) Trial 2 (AL) 8.7 a 23.1 a 8.3 a 13.1 b 1 7.8 a 22.5 a 8.3 a 9.3 b 8.0 a 9.5 b 7.2 a 9.5 b 8.0 a 12.7 b 3
Hydrangea paniculata Hydrangea paniculata Limelight Limelight Lateral Branching Branch- inducing Treatment Pinched cntrl ppm Lateral Branching Trial 1 (TN) Branch- inducing trt ppm Trial 1 (TN) 26.7 bc Pinched cntrl 26.7 bc 101.1 a 101.1 a 1 103.4 a 1 103.4 a 33.5 bc 33.5 bc 31.6 bc 31.6 bc 25.1 c 25.1 c 37.2 b 37.2 b Hydrangea paniculata Limelight Pinched cntrl Hydrangea paniculata Limelight (ppm) Trial 1 (MS) Hydrangea macrphylla Merritt s Supreme Impact f plant grwth regulatrs n average lateral branching at bud set Lateral branching at bud set Pinched cntrl 1600 ppm Hydrangea macrphylla Merritt s Supreme Branch- inducing treatment Pinched cntrl 800 ppm Trial 2 (CA) Trial 3 (NC) Branch- inducing treatment (ppm) Trial 1 (MS) Trial 2 (CA) Trial 3 (NC) 4.8 b 3.4 c 4.8 b Pinched cntrl 3.4 c 5.9 a 8.3 a 7.7 b 5.9 a 8.3 a 7.7 b 1 5.7 a 12.0 ab 10.9 a 1 5.7 a 12.0 ab 10.9 a 4.0 b 5.8 bc 4.4 c 4.0 b 5.8 bc 4.4 c 3.8 b 4.6 c 3.8 b 4.6 c 6.3 bc 4.2 c 6.3 bc 4.2 c 6.8 bc 4.2 c 6.8 bc 4.2 c Hester et al., 2013 4
ROSE Hydrangea macrphylla Merritt s Supreme Pinched IMG_0552.JPG Ven Over 47 millin sld 41% f all deciduus shrubs sld #1 selling deciduus shrub Unpinched Over $209 millin in sales Water cntrl Auge 400 ppm Auge 800 ppm Auge 1600 ppm Pht credit: Guihng Bi 32% f ttal sales frm deciduus shrubs USDA 2009 est sales value f all deciduus shrubs Knck-OutTM Rse Knck-OutTM Rse Asymmetrical branching Rank grwth Branch-inducing Trt Branch increase Grwth index FerElizer rate 3100 ppm 8.8 bc Branch- inducing treatment Fertilizatin rate Hand pruned (lem 5 ndes/branch) Hand pruned (lem 5 ndes/branch) Knck-OutTM Rse Branch-inducing trt Branch increase Grwth index Dikegulac Cntrl sdium Fertilizatin rate Fertilizatin rate 8.8 b Fertilizatin Rate 5
Knck-OutTM Rse Branch-inducing trt Branch increase Grwth index Dikegulac Cntrl sdium Fertilizatin rate Fertilizatin rate 8.8 b Fertilizatin Rate Knck-Out Rse TM Branch-inducing trt Branch increase Grwth index Fertilizer Rate Fertilizatin rate 8.8 b Knck-Out Rse TM Branch-inducing trt Branch increase Grwth index Fertilizer Rate Fertilizatin rate 8.8 b 6
Rse PGR research Hydrangea querciflia Unattractive natural grwth habit Prduces nly a few branches with strng apical dminance Sparse-lking Asymmetrical Prune r apply PGRs Alternatives? Cntrl Hand USDA 2009 Dikegulac sdium Cntrl Fertilizer Rate Hand Dikegulac sdium Tissue Culture Prpagatin New plant regenerated frm callus cells Advantageus ver cuttingprpagatin: Mre unifrm Pathgen-free Imprved (in sme species) Hydrangea querciflia Prpagatin methd In vitr Cuttings Branch-inducing treatments Hand pruning Cyclanilide 1 Cyclanilide 2 Benzyladenine Water cntrl Branching Rting Grwth rate Hydrangea querciflia Prpagatin methd Cchran et al., 2014 Fertilizer Rate Hydrangea querciflia 2008 Branch number 2010 Branch number Prpagatin methd 2008 Grwth Index 2010 Grwth Index Tissue Culture 14.5 10.4 a Tissue Culture 64.4 b 72.9 Cuttings 15.0 9.5 b Cuttings 67.5 a 74.6 Branch-inducing treatment 0.5405 0.0404 0.0112 0.2708 Water cntrl 13.3 b 8.8 bc Water cntrl 65.8 ab 74.8 ab Hand 11.6 b Hand 69.1 a 69.8 b Cyclanilide 1x 15.6 b 10.5 ab Cyclanilide 1x 62.9 b 72.4 ab Cyclanilide 2x 19.8 a 11.2 a Cyclanilide 2x 64.5 ab 74.4 ab Benzyladenine 13.6 b 7.5 c Benzyladenine 67.2 ab 77.4 a 0.0161 0.0281 Cchran et al., 2014 Branch-inducing treatment Cchran et al., 2014 7
Branches greater than 6 Hydrangea querciflia Branches greater than 6 in length Cntrl Cchran et al., 2014 Acknwledgements Assistance: Diana R. Cchran Whitney Yeary Phil Flanagan Marisl Benitez-Ramirez Guihng Bi Michelle Samuel-F Supprt IR-4 UTIA Harrell s, LLC Branching Treatment References Cchran, D. and A. Fulcher. 2013. Type and rate f plant grwth regulatr influence vegetative, flral grwth, and quality f Little LimeTM Hydrangea. HrtTechnlgy 23(3): 306-311. Cchran, D., M. Benitez-Ramirez, and A. Fulcher. 2014. Effect f branch-inducing treatments n grwth f tissue culture and cuttingprpagated Hydrangea querciflia. J. Envirn. Hrt. 32(4):182 188. Hester, K.A., G. Bi, M.A. Czarnta, A. Fulcher, G.J. Keever, J.H. Lieth, J.D. Orsi, B.. Whipker, K. Sullivan, and C.L. Palmer. 2013. Impact f Auge, Cnfigure and Flrel n hydrangea branching. J. Envirn. Hrt. 31:27-29. USDA. 2009. Census f hrticultural specialties, Table 23: Deciduus shrubs. United States Department f Agriculture. Census f Agriculture. 13 January 2015. <http://www.agcensus.usda.gv/ Publicatins/2007/Online_lights/ Census_f_Hrticulture_Specialties/>. 8