Irradiation Treatment of Animal Foods
|
|
- Angel Moore
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Irradiatin Treatment f Animal Fds Marsida Klem PhD, Engineering Sciences Department, Alexandër Misiu University, Durres, Albania marsi_82h@yah.cm Azem Hysa MSc, Engineering Sciences Department, Alexandër Misiu University, Durres, Albania azemhysa@gmail.cm Stela Sefa MSc. Ing, Engineering Sciences Department, Alexandër Misiu University, Durres, Albania stelasefa@gmail.cm Di:1.591/ajis.215.v4n3s1p256 Abstract The presence f pathgenic micrbes in fd is a serius glbal prblem. Irradiatin, as an effective methd, destry pathgens reducing threat that cme by uncntrlled fd. In this paper we have treated irradiatin f animal fds and its effect, t decrease ttal micrbial lad n them. Fds were irradiated with a gamma irradiatr GU-3 (Cs-137 surce) with the rtatin technique. Unifrmity dse rate used was 16 % and average dse rate 4.68 Gy/min. Accrding t standards, dses used t irradiate fd varied frm t 5 kgy. Frm experimental results it was bserved that with increasing absrbed dse, ttal micrbial lad was reduced with sme rders. Variatin f lg N / N (N- ttal micrbial lad f irradiated fd and N f nn-irradiated fd) with dse, was apprximated linearly. Based n this variatin was defined D1, as the dse that cause death f abut 9 % f micrbes in fd (lg N/N= -1). D values fund experimentally had a gd crrespndence with them defined theretically (D1 = 1 / slpe ). Keywrds: gamma irradiatin, animal fd, dse, bilgical effect 1. Intrductin Public cncern abut fd safety has increased. Despite effrts t cntrl fd spilage and imprve safety, fd micrbilgical hazards still exist. Meat and pultry accunt fr a large number f fdbrne illnesses and deaths; hwever, the amunt f illness related t pathgens in prduce nw is greater (Eustice & Bruhn). Irradiatin technlgy is ne f the techniques that has aided in the reductin f harmful pathgens in a number f fds, thereby preventing illness and death caused by fdbrne illness. This technlgy, in relatin t the fd supply, is a prcess in which fd is expsed t radiant energy in quantities great enugh t cause bacteria and ther harmful micrbes t becme inactive ( Hspitals have used irradiatin fr many years t sterilize fd fr cancer patients and thers with weakened immune systems. Sme perishable fd taken int space by astrnauts is irradiated because the fd must be guaranteed free f disease-causing rganisms. ( Accrding t the Internatinal Atmic Energy Agency (IAEA), mre than 5 cuntries have apprved the use f irradiatin fr abut 5 different types f fd, and 33 are using the technlgy cmmercially ( english/prgramme/prgramme_rafs/files/ra_37_safety_f_irradiated_fd_final.pdf ). Althugh public knwledge abut irradiatin cntinues t be limited, interest in purchasing safety-enhanced irradiated fd is increasing, especially after peple receive infrmatin abut ptential benefits and risks. 256
2 2. Materials and Methds In this study were used different animal fd prducts like: fresh milk, cttage cheese, prk meat, sausages, minced and chicken meat. The weight f every prduct was 3 gram. They were packed in sterile plastic bags and were cnserved in freeze, at abut 3-4 C. Prducts were irradiated using gamma irradiatr GU-3 installed in the Institute f Applied Nuclear Physics (with Cs- 137 surce and energy.66 MeV) with the belw technique and gemetry (fig 1). Figure 1. Irradiatin technique and gemetry f fd prducts (Dimensins are given in mm) T prvide a very gd dse unifrmity (during irradiatin perid) it was used the rtatin technique f vessel with the bilgical prduct inside it. Dses used t irradiate prducts were -5 kgy. The average dse rate was P= 4.68 Gy/min and unifrmity dse rate Dmax/ Dmin = 16% (Klem & Ddbiba, 212). After irradiatin, prducts were sent in the Institute f Fd Safety and Veterinary (the nly natinal reference center in Albania fr micrbial analysis). 3. Effects f Irradiatin in Fd When micrbes present in fd are irradiated, their DNA is destryed causing defects in their genetic cde. If this defect it s nt repaired, micrbe will die r will be unable t reprduce. Effectiveness f the prcess depends n micrbe sensitivity tward irradiatin, the rate f DNA damage repair and especially by the DNA size f micrbe (Alam & Abrahem, 21), (Ahmed, 25). High sensitivity f DNA by irradiatin is because that DNA is greater than ther mlecular structures inside cell. Damage f DNA by irradiatin is caused in tw ways: 3.1 Direct way Inizatin radiatin prduce t many damages in the DNA mlecule that include the change f its base like: rupture f single and duble bnds. The main actin f this effect in the bilgical system is the rupture f DNA duble bnd like in figure
3 Figure 2. Inizatin irradiatin actin in the DNA f micrrganisms 3.2 Indirect way Indirect damage f DNA is caused by free radicals that are frmed as a result f inizatin r excitatin f water cmpnents in the cellular structure. Inizatin creates the divisin f water mlecules in hydrgen in (H+), hydrxyl (OH - ) and (O 2- ) radicals. These radicals destry and disable bacterial cmpnents like DNA, cell membranes etc (Ahmed 25), (Alam & Abrahem, 21), (IAEA Buletin, 27). 4. Results and Discussin Results btained frm analysis dne in the Institute f Fd Safety and Veterinary are given in table 1, where: Dse is the dse fr nn-irradiated prduct (cntrl); N is the number f living micrrganisms after irradiating with dse D; N is the number f living micrrganisms fr cntrl. The number f living micrrganisms it is measured in cl/g fr all the animal prducts in table 1, except the milk prduct that is measured in cl/ml. Table 1. Micrbial lad results in animal fd Animal fd prducts Fresh milk Cttage cheese Minced meat Prk meat Sausages Chicken meat D (kgy) N (cl/g) N (cl/g) Or (cl/ml) r (cl/ml) lg (N/N) < < < <
4 Frm the data table it s bserved that in the case f milk, frm the dse 1 t 2 kgy there isn t any change in the number f living micrrganisms. Similar case is bserved als fr sausages irradiated with dses 2 t 5 kgy. With data table 1 (dse D and lg N/N) are cnstructed linear regress curves fr every prduct. Figure 3. Cttage cheese prduct Figure 4. Prk meat prduct Figure 5. Minced meat prduct 259
5 Figure 6. Chicken meat prduct Figure 7. Fresh milk prduct Figure 8. Sausages prducts 26
6 Frm graphics abve it is bserved that, with increasing absrbed dse ttal micrbial lad is decreased. In many cases this decrease varies frm 1 4 cl/g fr cntrl t <1 cl/g fr irradiated prduct. Referring t (Lund et.al, 2) in many cases fr high dses it is seen a tail in graphics (fig 7, 8). Hrizntal part in the graphic indicates that with increasing dse ttal micrbial lad des nt change. Their sensitivity tward irradiatin can be defined by D1 dse value. This is the dse that makes inactive 9 % f micrrganisms in the prduct (lg N/N = -1) (Lund et.al, 2), (Nketsia-Tabiri et.al, 29). Referring t (Nketsia-Tabiri et al, 29), the equatin that calculates D1 is given by the frmula: D1 = D / lg N /N (1) Accrding t frmula (1), D1 is calculated as reciprcal slpe f linear curve: D1= -1/ slpe (2) Fr every prduct (fig 3 8) are determined experimental values f D1 (taken by crrespnding curves) and theretical values referring the abve expressin (2). It is bserved that there is a very gd accrdance between these values (table 2). Table 2. Rate f D1 (theretical)/d1 (experimental) in % Animal fd prducts D1 (theretical) kgy D1 (experimental) kgy Rate (%) Fresh milk Cttage cheese Minced meat Prk meat Sausages Chicken meat Cnclusins and Recmmendatins With increasing absrbed dse it is bserved a decrease f ttal micrbial lad. In many cases this decrease varies frm 1 4 cl/g fr cntrl t <1 cl/g fr irradiated prduct (abut 1 times). May ccur that, fr high dses appear a tail. This ne indicates that with increasing dse, ttal micrbial lad desn t change. Fr every animal prduct fd, experimental values D1 taken by respective curves with them defined theretically have a very gd accrdance. It is imprtant t apply this methd als fr dangerus pathgens t human lives. References Eustice, R. F., & Bruhn, Ch. M. Cnsumer acceptance and marketing f irradiated fds (Chapter 1), Minnesta Beef Cuncil, Minneaplis, USA. Klem, M., & Ddbiba, A. (212). Determinatin f the dse rate and sme applicatins in the GU-3 gamma irradiatr. AJTNS, N. 32, Tirane, Alam, K., & Abrahem, M. (21). Review article. Effect f irradiatin n quality f spices. Internatinal Fd Research Jurnal, 17, Ahmed, R. G. (25). Damage pattern as functin f varius types f radiatin. Medical Jurnal f Islamic Wrld, Academy f Sciences, vl. 15, n. 4, Egypt, IAEA Buletin. (27). Fd irradiatin fr fresh prduce. Applicatin f istpes and radiatin in agriculture, vl 21, n. 2/3. Lund, B. M., Baird- Parker T. C., & Guld G. W. (2). The micrbilgical safety and quality f fd, Vl.1, USA, 69. Nketsia-Tabiri, J., Adu-Gyamfi, A., & Apea Bah, F. (29). Irradiatin f prepared meals fr micrbilgical safety and shelf life extensin, IAEA, Vienna, Austria,
ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7
Fact Sheet N 125 July 1996 ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 1. What is Escherichia cli O157:H7? Escherichia cli is a bacterium that is a cmmn inhabitant f the gut f warm blded animals, including man. Mst strains
More informationA fake medicine that passes itself off as a real, authorised medicine. (1)
Falsified medicines Index 1 Intrductin 2 Types f falsified medicines 3 Eurpean regulatin n falsified medicines 4 Risks f falsified medicines 5 Buying medicine nline safely 6 References 7 Further resurces
More informationFDA Dietary Supplement cgmp
FDA Dietary Supplement cgmp FEBRUARY 2009 OVERVIEW Summary The Fd and Drug Administratin (FDA) has issued a final rule regarding current gd manufacturing practices (cgmp) fr dietary supplements that establishes
More informationModule 3. Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism. Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions Metabolism Two general types of metabolic reactions: o :
Mdule 3 Chapter 5 Micrbial Metablism Catablic and Anablic Reactins Metablism Tw general types f metablic reactins: : : Recall frm Chapter 2: Energy can be when bnds Energy can be when bnds Catablism Purpse
More informationSCALES NW HEARING PROTECTION PROGRAM
PURPOSE Expsure t excessive nise in the wrkplace can cause permanent hearing lss. The Hearing Prtectin Prgram has been established t help ensure that emplyees f Scales NW, Inc. d nt suffer health effects
More informationAction plan: serialisation of Nordic packages focus on Product Codes
19.6.2017, versin 5 Actin plan: serialisatin f Nrdic packages fcus n Prduct Cdes The aim f this dcument is t help pharma cmpanies t prepare fr prduct cde changes and t be able t maintain prduct cdes in
More informationSTANDARD FOR POMEGRANATE (CODEX STAN )
CODEX STAN 310-2013 Page 1 f 5 1. DEFINITION OF PRODUCE STANDARD FOR POMEGRANATE (CODEX STAN 310-2013) This Standard applies t fruits f cmmercial varieties f pmegranates grwn frm Punica granatum L., f
More informationVITAPRO. Detoxification properties of Apple pectin formulation, PROPECTIN. CENTRE D ETUDE ET DE VALORISATION DES ALGUES FINAL REPORT.
CENTRE D ETUDE & DE VALORISATION DES ALGUES 2400 Detxificatin prperties f Apple pectin frmulatin, PROPECTIN. VITAPRO FINAL REPORT PrPectin July 2015 CENTRE D ETUDE ET DE VALORISATION DES ALGUES PRESQU
More informationThe principles of evidence-based medicine
The principles f evidence-based medicine By the end f this mdule yu shuld be able t: Describe what evidence based medicine is Knw where t find quality evidenced based medicine n the internet Be able t
More informationInternational Experts Meeting on Severe Accident Management in the Light of the Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
IAEA-CN-233 Internatinal Experts Meeting n Severe Accident Management in the Light f the Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Pwer Plant Organized in cnnectin with the implementatin f the IAEA Actin
More informationCnsideratin fr Optimizatin: Optimizatin is a prgram transfrmatin technique, which tries t imprve the cde by making it cnsume fewer resurces (i.e. CPU, Memry) and deliver high speed. In ptimizatin, high-level
More informationPart 3. Monoenoic Fatty Acids
MASS SPECTRA OF METHYL ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS Part 3. Mnenic Fatty Acids As cautined in the Intrductin t these dcuments, the mass spectra f methyl esters btained with electrn-impact inizatin ften affrd
More information19 th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ACOUSTICS MADRID, 2-7 SEPTEMBER 2007 NARROW TUBES ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE CHARACTERIZATION USING FINITE ELEMENT BASED TOOLS
19 th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ACOUSTICS MADRID, 2-7 SEPTEMBER 2007 NARROW TUBES ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE CHARACTERIZATION USING FINITE ELEMENT BASED TOOLS PACS: 43.20.Ye Brav, Agustín 1 ; Ruiz, Marian 1 ;
More informationSwindon Joint Strategic Needs Assessment Bulletin
Swindn Jint Strategic Needs Assessment Bulletin Swindn Diabetes 2017 Key Pints: This JSNA gives health facts abut peple with diabetes r peple wh might get diabetes in Swindn. This helps us t plan fr medical
More informationCONSENT FOR KYBELLA INJECTABLE FAT REDUCTION
CONSENT FOR KYBELLA INJECTABLE FAT REDUCTION INSTRUCTIONS This is an infrmed cnsent dcument which has been prepared t help yur Dctr infrm yu cncerning fat reductin with an injectable medicatin, its risks,
More informationYear 10 Food Technology. Assessment Task 1: Foods for Special Needs. Name: Teacher:
Year 10 Fd Technlgy Assessment Task 1: Fds fr Special Needs Name: Teacher: Due Date: Term 2, Week 1 Type f Task: Design Task Planning Fd Requirements Cllectin f Assessment: Submit in Class Assessment Plicy:
More informationA Phase I Study of CEP-701 in Patients with Refractory Neuroblastoma NANT (01-03) A New Approaches to Neuroblastoma Therapy (NANT) treatment protocol.
SAMPLE INFORMED CONSENT A Phase I Study f CEP-701 in Patients with Refractry Neurblastma NANT (01-03) A New Appraches t Neurblastma Therapy (NANT) treatment prtcl. The wrd yu used thrughut this dcument
More informationHSC 106 Personal Health Plan for Learning Activities & Assessment linked to Michigan Teacher Preparation Standards
HSC 106 Persnal Health Plan fr Learning Activities & Assessment linked t Michigan Teacher Preparatin Standards Standard 1 Cmpetency 1.1 Understand basic health cntent as it relates t schl health educatin.
More informationFrequently Asked Questions: IS RT-Q-PCR Testing
Questins 1. What is chrnic myelid leukemia (CML)? 2. Hw des smene knw if they have CML? 3. Hw is smene diagnsed with CML? Frequently Asked Questins: IS RT-Q-PCR Testing Answers CML is a cancer f the bld
More informationChapter 12: The Cell Cycle
Name Perid Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Overview 1. What are the three key rles f cell divisin? State each rle, and give an example. 2. What is meant by the cell cycle? Cncept 12.1 Mst cell divisin results
More informationThe data refer to persons aged between 15 and 54.
Drug-related hspital stays in Australia 1993-2005 Prepared by Amanda Rxburgh and Luisa Degenhardt, Natinal Drug and Alchl Research Centre Funded by the Australian Gvernment Department f Health and Ageing
More informationTITLE: Managing Menopausal Symptoms in Breast Cancer Survivors
'.;* * AD GRANT NUMBER: DAMD17-94-J-4507 TITLE: Managing Menpausal Symptms in Breast Cancer Survivrs PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Patricia A. Ganz, M.D. CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: University f Califrnia, Ls
More informationPublic consultation on the NHMRC s draft revised Australian alcohol guidelines for low-risk drinking
Public cnsultatin n the NHMRC s draft revised Australian alchl guidelines fr lw-risk drinking Recmmendatins frm The Cancer Cuncil Australia The Cancer Cuncil Australia is Australia s peak nn-gvernment
More informationScientia Horticulturae, 3 (1975) Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam -- Printed in The Netherlands
Scientia Hrticulturae, 3 (1975) 89--94 Elsevier Scientific Publishing Cmpany, Amsterdam -- Printed in The Netherlands EFFECT F NITRGEN FERTILIZATIN N YIELD AND FRUIT IL CNTENT F AVCAD TREES A.B. ABU AZIZ,
More informationThe Shea Supply Chain and its Value in Confectionery Products. GSA New York May 2014
The Shea Supply Chain and its Value in Cnfectinery Prducts. GSA New Yrk May 2014 IOI Lders Crklaan is part f IOI Grup Prperty develpment Oil palm plantatins Olechemicals Edible Oils (including IOI Lders
More informationTopic 1: Cell Biology (Student) Essential Idea: Eukaryotes have a much more complex cell structure that prokaryotes.
Tpic 1: Cell Bilgy (Student) 1.2 Essential Idea: Eukarytes have a much mre cmplex cell structure that prkarytes. 1.2 Intrductin t Cells i. Prkarytes have a simple cell structure withut cmpartmentalizatin.
More informationP02-03 CALA Program Description Proficiency Testing Policy for Accreditation Revision 1.9 July 26, 2017
P02-03 CALA Prgram Descriptin Prficiency Testing Plicy fr Accreditatin Revisin 1.9 July 26, 2017 P02-03 CALA Prgram Descriptin Prficiency Testing Plicy fr Accreditatin TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS...
More informationEDPS 475: Instructional Objectives for Midterm Exam Behaviorism
EDPS 475: Instructinal Objectives fr Midterm Exam Behavirism 1. Given a nvel example t chse frm, identify the characteristics f classical cnditining. General mdel: Stimulus (S) elicits >Respnse (R) Based
More informationJapanese Rice Producers' Shift from High Yield to High Palatability and Quality -Characteristics of Highly Palatable Rice-
Jurnal f Develpments in Sustainable Agriculture 5: 96-1 (21) Japanese Rice Prducers' Shift frm High Yield t High Palatability and Quality -Characteristics f Highly Palatable Rice- Yuji Nitta* Cllege f
More informationARLA FOOD FOR HEALTH 4 th ANNUAL CALL FOR EXPRESSIONS OF INTEREST
ARLA FOOD FOR HEALTH 4 th ANNUAL CALL FOR EXPRESSIONS OF INTEREST 7 th July 2017 Cntent 1 Intrductin 2 Tpics fr EOI in the 4 th call 3 The applicatin prcess and imprtant dates 4 Guideline fr EOIs Deadline
More informationRisk factors in health and disease
Risk factrs in health and disease Index 1 Intrductin 2 Types f risk factrs 2.1 Behaviural risk factrs 2.2 Psychlgical risk factrs 2.3 Demgraphic risk factrs 2.4 Envirnmental risk factrs 2.5 Genetic risk
More informationCancer Association of South Africa (CANSA)
Cancer Assciatin f Suth Africa (CANSA) Fact Sheet and Psitin Statement n Cannabis in Suth Africa Intrductin Cannabis is a drug that cmes frm Indian hemp plants such as Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica.
More informationImmunisation and Disease Prevention Policy
Immunisatin and Disease Preventin Plicy Quality Area 2: Children s Health and Safety 2.1 Each child s health is prmted 2.1.4 Steps are taken t cntrl the spread f infectius diseases and t manage injuries
More informationModule 1: Overview of soil fertility, plant nutrition, and nutrient management. To view the chapter for this topic click here.
Mdule 1: Overview f sil fertility, plant nutritin, and nutrient management T view the chapter fr this tpic click here. Mdule 1: Overview Intrductin Understanding the principles f sil fertility is vital
More informationPROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS NOTICE PARENTAL RIGHTS FOR PRIVATE SCHOOL SPECIAL EDUCATION STUDENTS
PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS NOTICE PARENTAL RIGHTS FOR PRIVATE SCHOOL SPECIAL EDUCATION STUDENTS INTRODUCTION This ntice prvides an verview f the parental special educatin rights, smetimes called prcedural safeguards
More informationCompleting the NPA online Patient Safety Incident Report form: 2016
Cmpleting the NPA nline Patient Safety Incident Reprt frm: 2016 The infrmatin cntained within this dcument is in line with the current Data Prtectin Act (DPA) requirements. This infrmatin may be subject
More informationRuminal Availability of Phosphorus and Its Effect on Digestion
Table 2. Trial results Cncentratin f Captan,ppm liem 0 160 320 640 Dry matter digestibility (%) Ruminal 65.1 72.8 69.4 74.3 Ttal 82.1 81.9 82.4 82.0 Starch digestin (%) Ruminal 87.7 93.6 89.3 92.2 N digestibility
More informationApril 23, 2008 Information Sheet: Safety of BPA-derived Can Liners. Summary
April 23, 2008 Infrmatin Sheet: Safety f BPA-derived Can Liners Summary The use f bisphenl A (BPA)-derived epxy resins t make prtective catings fr metal fd and beverage packaging helps prvide safe, whlesme
More informationChapter 14 Cell division: Continuity of Life means all life originates from other living things of the same type.
Chapter 14 Cell divisin: 2.3 Cell Cntinuity Learning Objectives 2.3.1 2.3.8 The Cell Cycle, Mitsis, Meisis 1. Explain f the terms cell cntinuity and chrmsme. 2. Differentiate between "haplid" and "diplid"
More information1.6. Topic 1: Cell Biology (Teacher) Essential Idea: Cell division is essential but must be controlled. 1.6 Cell Division
Tpic 1: Cell Bilgy (Teacher) 1.6 Essential Idea: Cell divisin is essential but must be cntrlled. 1.6 Cell Divisin Why d cells divide: - Sa:Vl Rati - Allws fr grwth f the rganism - Allws fr cell differentiatin
More informationQ 5: Is relaxation training better (more effective than/as safe as) than treatment as usual in adults with depressive episode/disorder?
updated 2012 Relaxatin training Q 5: Is relaxatin training better (mre effective than/as safe as) than treatment as usual in adults with depressive episde/disrder? Backgrund The number f general health
More informationThis standard operating procedure applies to stop smoking services provided by North 51.
Authr Name/Title Melanie McIlvar, Bid Develpment Manager Authr Signature Date: 4 th September 2017 Apprver Name/Title Jasn Shelley, Grup Directr f QA/RA Apprver Signature Date: 4 th September 2017 Issue
More informationRate Lock Policy. Contents
Rate Lck Plicy Cntents Rate Lcks... 2 Rate Lck Cnfirmatin... 2 Lck Term... 2 Pre-Lck... 2 Maximum Qualified Rate... 3 Extensins... 3 Cst t Extend... 3 Relcks... 4 Re-Negtiatin r Flat Dwn Plicy... 4 Prgram
More informationIron and Iron Deficiency
Irn and Irn Deficiency Irn and why we need it Irn is a mineral needed by ur bdies. Irn is a part f all cells and des many things in ur bdies. Fr example, irn (as part f the prtein hemglbin) carries xygen
More information2017 PEPFAR Data and Systems Applied Learning Summit Day 2: MER Analytics/Available Visualizations, Clinical Cascade Breakout Session TB/HIV EXERCISE
2017 PEPFAR Data and Systems Applied Learning Summit Day 2: MER Analytics/Available Visualizatins, Clinical Cascade Breakut Sessin TB/HIV EXERCISE Created by the ICPI TB/HIV Wrkstream Abut this Handut
More informationACMPR - Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations Part 1 Commercial Production
- Access t Cannabis fr Medical Purpses Regulatins Part 1 Cmmercial Prductin September 2017 OVERVIEW Yu must cmply with regulatins t supply medical cannabis as f August 24, 2016 There are fur parts t the
More informationThe Cell Cycle & Cellular Division
The Cell Cycle & Cellular Divisin Name: Perid: Date: I. Cell Divisin: All are derived frm preexisting cells (Cell Thery) is the prcess by which cells prduce new cells Cells grw in number, NOT in Smaller
More informationInterpretation. Historical enquiry religious diversity
Name: Year 8 Histry Prject 3: D The Cmmnwealth Games Still Matter In The 21 st Century? Mdule: Date Set: Deadline: Descriptin f the task: The prject is split int three separate parts: The prject is split
More informationIndependent Charitable Patient Assistance Program (IPAP) Code of Ethics
Independent Charitable Patient Assistance Prgram (IPAP) Cde f Ethics Independent charitable patient assistance prgrams (IPAPs) fcus n the needs f patients wh are insured, meet certain financial limitatin
More informationPart 5. Trienoic Fatty Acids
MASS SPECTRA OF METHYL ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS Part 5. Trienic Fatty Acids As cautined in the Intrductin t these dcuments, the mass spectra f methyl esters btained under electrn-impact inizatin affrd limited
More informationChapter 6: Impact Indicators
Overview Chapter 6: Impact Indicatrs The best measure f the lng-term impact f all HIV preventin activities is the HIV incidence rate, namely the number f new cases f HIV infectin per year divided by the
More informationVaccine Information Statement: PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE
Vaccine Infrmatin Statement: PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE Many Vaccine Infrmatin Statements are available in Spanish and ther languages. See www.immunize.rg/vis. Hjas de Infrmacián Sbre Vacunas están
More informationRelated Policies None
Medical Plicy MP 3.01.501 Guidelines fr Cverage f Mental and Behaviral Health Services Last Review: 8/30/2017 Effective Date: 8/30/2017 Sectin: Mental Health End Date: 08/19/2018 Related Plicies Nne DISCLAIMER
More informationCommissioning Policy: South Warwickshire CCG (SWCCG)
Cmmissining Plicy: Suth Warwickshire CCG (SWCCG) Treatment Indicatin Criteria FreeStyle Libre Flash Cntinuus Glucse Mnitring System Type I Diabetes Prir apprval must be requested frm the Individual Funding
More informationThe estimator, X, is unbiased and, if one assumes that the variance of X7 is constant from week to week, then the variance of X7 is given by
ESTIMATION PROCEDURES USED TO PRODUCE WEEKLY FLU STATISTICS FROM THE HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY James T. Massey, Gail S. Pe, Walt R. Simmns Natinal Center fr Health Statistics. INTRODUCTION In April 97, the
More informationPost Distribution Monitoring Report
Pst Distributin Mnitring Reprt Hygiene Kit funded by IMC Backgrund Infrmatin Lcatin: Zaatari Camp (All districts) Dates f data cllectin: 1-2 f Octber, 2014 Objective: t understand t what extent the distributin
More informationFood information to consumers - Commission proposal - COM (2008) 40 final 2008/0028 (COD) The European Heart Network s position in a nutshell
Fd infrmatin t cnsumers - Cmmissin prpsal - COM (2008) 40 final 2008/0028 (COD) The Eurpean Heart Netwrk s psitin in a nutshell Summary On 30 January 2008 the Eurpean Cmmissin published its prpsal fr a
More informationMitosis and Meiosis Lecture Notes
Bilgy Mitsis and Meisis Lecture Ntes Name Per Learning Gals Quiz #6: December 6th Describe what happens during interphase Identify steps f mitsis/meisis by picture and functin Explain the diseases that
More informationTriumeq (abacavir, dolutegravir and lamivudine) Product Backgrounder for US Media
Triumeq (abacavir, dlutegravir and lamivudine) Prduct Backgrunder fr US Media What is Triumeq and wh is Triumeq fr? Triumeq (abacavir 600mg, dlutegravir 50mg and lamivudine 300mg) is the first dlutegravir-based
More informationAP Biology Lab 12: Introduction to the Scientific Method and Animal Behavior
Name: AP Bilgy Lab 12: Intrductin t the Scientific Methd and Animal Behavir Overview In this lab yu will: -Observe an rganism and design an experiment t investigate their respnses t envirnmental variables.
More informationEXECUTIVE SUMMARY INNOVATION IS THE KEY TO CHANGING THE PARADIGM FOR THE TREATMENT OF PAIN AND ADDICTION TO CREATE AN AMERICA FREE OF OPIOID ADDICTION
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INNOVATION IS THE KEY TO CHANGING THE PARADIGM FOR THE TREATMENT OF PAIN AND ADDICTION TO CREATE AN AMERICA FREE OF OPIOID ADDICTION The Bitechnlgy Innvatin Organizatin (BIO) and ur member
More informationAP Biology Immune System. Pathogens: agents that cause disease Immunity: the ability to avoid disease when invaded by a pathogen
AP Bilgy Pathgens: agents that cause disease Immunity: the ability t avid disease when invaded by a pathgen Innate Immunity: nnspecific First line f defense Barriers such as skin Hard fr bacteria t penetrate
More informationThis clinical study synopsis is provided in line with Boehringer Ingelheim s Policy on Transparency and Publication of Clinical Study Data.
abcd Clinical Study Synpsis fr Public Disclsure This clinical study synpsis is prvided in line with Behringer Ingelheim s Plicy n Transparency and Publicatin f Clinical Study Data. The synpsis which is
More informationEXPLORING THE PROCESS OF ASSESSMENT AND OTHER RELATED CONCEPTS
1 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION: EXPLORING THE PROCESS OF ASSESSMENT AND OTHER RELATED CONCEPTS The Nature Of Assessment The Definitin Of Assessment The Difference Between Testing, Measurement And Evaluatin Characteristics
More information2017 CMS Web Interface
CMS Web Interface CARE-2 (NQF 0101): Falls: Screening fr Future Fall Risk Measure Steward: NCQA Web Interface V1.0 Page 1 f 18 11/15/2016 Cntents INTRODUCTION... 3 WEB INTERFACE SAMPLING INFORMATION...
More informationThis information shows what new challenges are likely to require prevention efforts moving forward.
Release f CDC s Healthcare-Assciated Infectins (HAI) Pint Prevalence Survey and Annual Natinal and State HAI Prgress Reprt Embarged until: Wednesday, March 26 th at 12 nn ET Key Messages Overall These
More informationNATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY P1 FEBRUARY/MARCH 2015 MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hurs This questin paper cnsists f 19 pages. Infrmatin Technlgy/P1 2 DBE/Feb. Mar. 2015 INSTRUCTIONS
More informationFor personal use only
Fr persnal use nly ASX / MEDIA RELEASE FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE 10 May 2013 CROWN RECEIVES NSW GAMING REGULATORY APPROVALS MELBOURNE: Crwn Limited (ASX: CWN) annunced tday that it has received written advice
More informationCONSENT FORM - TESTOSTERONE FOR TRANSGENDER CLIENTS
CONSENT FORM - TESTOSTERONE FOR TRANSGENDER CLIENTS Yu want t take teststerne t masculinize yur bdy. Befre taking it, there are several things yu need t knw abut. They are the pssible advantages, disadvantages,
More informationPain relief after surgery
Pain relief after surgery Imprtant infrmatin fr patients www.mchft.nhs.uk We care because yu matter This leaflet is designed t help yu cntrl any pain yu may have at hme fllwing yur peratin. Please read
More informationThyroglobulin levels in serum and saliva of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Pre, Indian Acad. Sci., Vl. 87 B (Experimental Bilgy-J), N.7, July 1978. pp. 169-1". @ printed in India Thyrglbulin levels in serum and saliva f patients with differentiated thyrid carcinma D SHAH, S DANDEKAR
More informationPackage leaflet: Information for the user. Dacepton 5 mg/ml Solution for infusion Apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate
Package leaflet: Infrmatin fr the user Daceptn 5 mg/ml Slutin fr infusin Apmrphine hydrchlride hemihydrate Read all f this leaflet carefully befre yu start using this medicine because it cntains imprtant
More informationFor our protection, we require verification that you have received this notice. Therefore, please sign below.
PATIENT INFORMATION Dear Patient: Sleep prblems are extremely cmmn. Public health and safety are threatened by the increasing prevalence f bstructive sleep apnea, which nw afflicts at least 25 millin adults
More informationPART III: CONSUMER INFORMATION
IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ PART III: CONSUMER INFORMATION Pr ZERIT Stavudine This leaflet is Part III f a three-part Prduct Mngaph published when ZERIT was apprved fr sale in Canada and is designed specifically
More informationFOUNDATIONS OF DECISION-MAKING...
Table f Cntents FOUNDATIONS OF DECISION-MAKING... Errr! Bkmark nt Describe the decisin-making prcess pp.62-66... Errr! Bkmark nt Explain the three appraches managers can use t make decisins pp.67-70 Errr!
More informationMeaningful Use Roadmap Stage Edition Eligible Hospitals
Meaningful Use Radmap Stage 1-2011 Editin Eligible Hspitals CPSI is dedicated t making yur transitin t Meaningful Use as seamless as pssible. Therefre, we have cme up with a radmap t assist yu in implementing
More informationAUTHORISED BY: CEO. Introduction. Whistle Blowing
GUIDELINE NAME: Field Cmplaints Disclsure Guidelines SECTION : Refer t Excel Guidelines list Dcument N: DISTRIBUTION: All Emplyees FIRST ISSUED: April 2013 DATE UPDATED: Dec 2014 ISSUED/UPDATED BY: Peple
More informationData Fusion for Predicting Breast Cancer Survival
Data Fusin fr Predicting Breast Cancer Linbailu Jiang, Yufei Zhang, Siyi Peng Mentr: Irene Kaplw December 11, 2015 1 Intrductin 1.1 Backgrund Cancer is mre f a severe health issue than ever in ur current
More informationFacts about the Safety of U.S. Grown Rice
FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS Als see www.arsenicfacts.usarice.cm Facts abut the Safety f U.S. Grwn Rice Rice is a nutritius fd and an imprtant part f a healthy diet. While the issue f dietary arsenic expsure
More informationA pre-conference should include the following: an introduction, a discussion based on the review of lesson materials, and a summary of next steps.
NAU Mdel Observatin Prtcl The mdel prtcl was develped with supprt and expertise frm the Natinal Institute fr Excellence in Teaching (NIET) and is based in great part n NIET s extensive experience cnducting
More informationPart 1. Saturated and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids
Mass spectra f DMX derivatives. Part 1. Saturated and branched-chain fatty acids MASS SPECTRA F DMX DERIVATIVES Part 1. Saturated and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids a 4,4-Dimethylxazline (DMX) derivatives
More informationFORCES IN THE KNEE JOINT DURING EXERCISE OF TIlE KNEE EXTENSORS 1
10 THE AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY FORCES IN THE KNEE JOINT DURING EXERCISE OF TIlE KNEE EXTENSORS 1 R. S. HORSFIELD, B.SC., DIP.ED. (SYD.), M.PHYS. (U.N.S.W.), M.A.I.P., M.A.C.E. What frces arise
More informationInternational Integrative Psychotherapy Association IIPA-
Internatinal Integrative Psychtherapy Assciatin IIPA- www.integrativeassciatin.cm TRAINING STANDARDS FOR CERTIFIED INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY TRAINER AND SUPERVISOR (CIIPTS) AND CERTIFIED
More informationAdvantage EAP Employee Assistance Program
Advantage EAP Emplyee Assistance Prgram July 2014 In This Issue What might we face? Symptms f SAD Seasnal changes in biplar disrder Tips fr cmbating summer truble When t seek help Tips fr helping thse
More informationCouncil of Better Business Bureaus Children s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative Burger King Corporation Blue Lagoon Drive Miami, FL 33126
Cuncil f Better Business Bureaus Children s Fd and Beverage Advertising Initiative Burger King Crpratin s Pledge Entity Cvered by Pledge: Burger King Crpratin 5505 Blue Lagn Drive Miami, FL 33126 Name
More informationFrench III/IV Syllabus Thomas County Central High School Ashley Olson-Room E
French III/IV Syllabus Thmas Cunty Central High Schl Ashley Olsn-Rm E9 2013-2014 Schl Phne #: 225-5050 Email: alsn@thmas.k12.ga.us aklsn85@gmail.cm Text: Bn Vyage! Level 3 Glence *By receiving this syllabus
More informationPILI Lifestyle Program Facilitator s Guide
PILI Lifestyle Prgram Facilitatr s Guide Sessin 5 Tip the Calrie Balance / Healthy Eating n a Budget" Questin/Tpic Script Reminder/Activity Page Welcme! Alha and welcme back t the fifth lessn f the PILI
More informationForensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, 2e Chapter 1. All rights Reserved Cengage/NGL/South-Western 2016
1 Frensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigatins, 2e Cengage/NGL/Suth-Western 2016 Observatin Skills By the end f this chapter yu will be able t: 1.1 Define bservatin and describe what changes ccur in the
More informationBreast Cancer Awareness Month 2018 Key Messages (as of June 6, 2018)
Breast Cancer Awareness Mnth 2018 Key Messages (as f June 6, 2018) In this dcument there are tw sectins f messages in supprt f Cancer Care Ontari s Breast Cancer Awareness Mnth 2018: 1. Campaign key messages
More informationLEVEL OF CARE GUIDELINES: INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY/APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS FOR AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER HAWAII MEDICAID QUEST
OPTUM LEVEL OF CARE GUIDELINES: INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY / APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS FOR AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER HAWAII MEDICAID QUEST LEVEL OF CARE GUIDELINES: INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY/APPLIED
More informationHospital Preparedness Checklist
Hspital Preparedness Checklist http://pandemicflu.gv Preparedness Subject 1. Structure fr planning and decisin making An internal, multidisciplinary planning cmmittee fr influenza preparedness has been
More informationPET FORM Planning and Evaluation Tracking ( Assessment Period)
Divisin f: Behaviral Studies PET FORM Planning and Evaluatin Tracking (2010 2011 Assessment Perid) Persn Respnsible fr this Divisin: Jerry Mller Department f: Behaviral Sciences Persn Respnsible fr this
More informationMGPR Training Courses Guide
MGPR Training Curses Guide fiscal cde 92107050921 1. Descriptin The training prgram supprted by MGPR is prpsed by a grup f excellent mentrs/educatrs, accmplished in Pesticides Management and Analysis,
More informationTick fever is a cattle disease caused by any one of the following blood parasites:
Tick fever Tick fever is a cattle disease caused by any ne f the fllwing bld parasites: Babesia bvis Babesia bigemina Anaplasma marginale These parasites are all transmitted by the cattle tick (Bphilus
More information17831 Murdock Circle Port Charlotte, FL Information: or
After the Strm Charltte Cunty, Flrida A resurce guide t help yu get back n yur feet after yu have braved the strm. 17831 Murdck Circle Prt Charltte, FL 33948 941-627-3539 Infrmatin: 2-1-1 r 1-941-205-2161
More informationTeacher Ntes fr "Hw d muscles get the energy they need fr athletic activity?" 1 In this activity, students analyze hw aerbic cellular respiratin and anaerbic fermentatin cntribute t ATP prductin in muscle
More informationHIV REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION AND AZT
OVERVIEW HIV REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION AND AZT This hands-n activity is part f a series f activities and demnstratins fcusing n varius aspects f the human immundeficiency virus (HIV) life cycle. In this activity,
More informationA Unified Approach to Conflict Mineral Compliance for the Tungsten Industry. The Westin, Sydney, 23 September 2013
A Unified Apprach t Cnflict Mineral Cmpliance fr the Tungsten Industry The Westin, Sydney, 23 September 2013 Backgrund Cmpliance f public US dwnstream tungsten users with the reprting requirements f the
More informationName: Date: Period: Notes: The Blood and Lymphatic System
Name: Date: Perid: Cmpsitin f Bld and their Functins Red Bld Cells (aka ) Structure Ntes: The Bld and Lymphatic System D nt have a like ther cells d Cntain a specialized prtein called Hemglbin cntains
More information