Physiology Quiz (30 Points) Name: 1. What prevents antibiotics from being effective against viruses? A. Viruses have a high rate of mutation. B. Viruses have no RNA. C. Viruses have no metabolism. D. Viruses have a protein shell that protects them. 2. What is the main function of the large intestine? A. Absorption of water B. Digestion of fats and proteins C. Absorption of nutrients D. Recycling of digestive enzymes 3. Which event directly leads to an action potential? A. Fusion of vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane B. Diffusion of neurotransmitter across the synaptic cleft C. Membrane potential reaches the threshold potential D. Breakdown of the neurotransmitter 4. What are the structures labelled I and II on the diagram of the male reproductive system? I A. Testis Seminal vesicle B. Vas deferens Testis C. Seminal vesicle Epididymis D. Seminal vesicle Prostate gland II 5. The levels of hormones vary during the menstrual cycle in women. Each hormone reaches its maximum level at a different time in the cycle. In what sequence do the hormones reach their maximum level, if the cycle begins at the start of menstruation? A. LH, progesterone, FSH, estrogen B. FSH, progesterone, LH, estrogen C. LH, estrogen, FSH, progesterone D. FSH, estrogen, LH, progesterone
6. On the diagram of the motor neurone shown below, which label identifies a dendrite? 7. What is the role of FSH in spermatogenesis? A. It stimulates the secretion of testosterone from the Sertoli cells. B. It inhibits the secretion of testosterone from the interstitial cells. C. It stimulates the action of testosterone on the Sertoli cells. D. It stimulates the secretion of LH from the pituitary cells. 8. Which factors related to mucous membranes protect the body against microbes? I. Production of lysozyme II. Secretion of alkaline solutions III. Trapping of microbes A. I and II only B. II and III only C. I and III only D. I, II and III 9. The diagram below shows water in the human body. Where in the digestive system is the largest volume of water absorbed from? A. Colon B. Pancreas C. Small intestine D. Liver
10. What is a role of the pacemaker or sinoatrial node (SAN)? A. To initiate contraction of the ventricle B. To pass the excitation through Purkinje fibres C. To originate excitation in myogenic muscle D. To cause the relaxation of the atria 11. Which muscles contract to cause air to pass into the lungs through the trachea? A. Internal intercostal muscles and diaphragm B. Internal intercostal muscles and abdomen wall muscles C. External intercostal muscles and diaphragm D. External intercostal muscles and abdomen wall muscles 12. What are the roles of the following structures in the production of semen? A. production of a fluid containing alkaline minerals Epididymis Seminal vesicle Prostate gland production of fructose B. maturation of sperm production of a fluid containing citric acid maturation of sperm production of fructose C. maturation of sperm production of fructose production of a fluid containing alkaline minerals D. production of a fluid containing alkaline minerals maturation of sperm 13. What is the consequence of insufficient secretion of FSH in women? A. Embryo implantation fails because the uterus lining is too thin. B. Mature eggs (oocytes) are not produced. C. Menstruation starts before embryo implantation occurs. D. Progesterone secretion is inhibited. 14. Which of the following is/are a role of testosterone in males? I. Pre-natal development of male genitalia II. Maintenance of sex drive III. Increase in mental development A. II only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II and III production of fructose 15. Which part of the brain has a role in the control of the heartbeat and how are messages passed from this part of the brain to the heart? Part of the brain A. hypothalamus hormone B. hypothalamus nerve C. medulla hormone D. medulla nerve Type of message
16. The diagram below shows the changes in membrane potential during an action potential. What occurs at the stages labelled 1 and 2? 1 2 A. Na + ions diffuse in; B. K + ions diffuse out; C. Na + ions diffuse out; D. Na + ions diffuse in; K + ions diffuse out; Na + ions diffuse in; K + ions diffuse out; K + ions diffuse in; 17. What are fused in the production of monoclonal antibodies? A. Tumour cells and T-cells B. Tumour cells and B-cells C. B-cells and T-cells D. Antibodies and antigens 18. What is a role of the hypothalamus in homeostasis? A. Monitoring body temperature B. Monitoring blood glucose concentration C. Secretion of glucagon D. Secretion of sweat 19. Celiac disease causes the destruction of the villi cells. Which of the following is most likely to happen to people with celiac disease? A. Incomplete digestion of fats B. Poor absorption of calcium C. Increased levels of glucose in blood D. Damage in the esophagus caused by increase in acid content of the stomach 20. Which pair of statements best describes oogenesis and spermatogenesis? Oogenesis A. Four eggs are produced per mitosis every 28 days B. Four eggs are produced per meiosis every 28 days Spermatogenesis Millions of sperms are produced per mitosis One sperm is produced per meiosis C. One egg is produced per mitosis every 28 days Millions of sperms are produced per meiosis D. One egg is produced per meiosis every 28 days Four sperms are produced per meiosis
21. Which words from the table below complete the sentence correctly? In the pancreas, I secrete glucagon, which II blood glucose levels. I II A. α cells raises B. β cells raises C. α cells lowers D. β cells lowers 22. In the diagram of synaptic transmission below, what is indicated by the letters X and Y? X Y A. neurotransmitter enters synaptic knob Ca 2+ ions B. Ca 2+ ions diffuse into the synaptic knob neurotransmitter C. K + ions diffuse into the synaptic knob neurotransmitter D. Na + ions diffuse into the synaptic knob Ca 2+ ions 23. The diagram below shows the human heart. What structures are indicated by the labels X, Y and Z? X Y Z A. left atrium aorta semi-lunar valve B. left atrium aorta atrio-ventricular valve C. right atrium pulmonary artery atrio-ventricular valve D. right atrium pulmonary artery semi-lunar valve
24. A blood clot forms around a fibrous network of protein. What is the protein? A. Fibrinogen B. Fibrin C. Thrombin D. Thrombokinase 25. Which of the cells labelled in the diagram below provides nourishment for developing sperm cells? 26. Which of the following is part of the process of cellular respiration? A. Changes in the volume of the thoracic cavity B. Exchange of gases across the surface of the alveoli C. Exchange of gases across the surface of capillaries D. Glycolysis 27. Which vessel directly supplies the heart muscle with blood? A. The aorta B. The pulmonary artery C. The coronary artery D. The pulmonary vein 28. What feature of alveoli adapts them to efficient gas exchange? A. They have muscles which pump air in and out regularly. B. Their membranes are more permeable to gases than water. C. A constant blood supply flows through them. D. A dense network of capillaries surrounds them. 29. A process occurs in which the inside of a neuron develops a net positive charge compared with the outside. What is the name of this process? A. Resting potential B. Repolarization C. Depolarization D. Hyperpolarization 30. The umbilical artery carries blood from the fetus to the placenta and the umbilical vein carries blood from the placenta to the fetus. How does the composition of the blood in the umbilical artery and the umbilical vein differ? A. Blood in the umbilical artery contains less glucose than blood in the umbilical vein. B. Blood in the umbilical artery contains less carbon dioxide than blood in the umbilical vein. C. Blood in the umbilical vein contains less oxygen than blood in the umbilical artery. D. Blood in the umbilical vein contains more urea than blood in the umbilical artery.