Name: Choose the letter of the best answer. 1. Functions of the skeletal system include A. forcing blood to circulate through the body B. sending electrical signals to the brain C. providing support and protection D. digesting food that is eaten 2. Your brain is protected by your skull. Your skull is part of the A. axial skeleton B. appendicular skeleton C. exoskeleton D. voluntary skeleton 3. The appendicular skeleton includes the A. cranium B. hands and feet C. ribs D. spine 4. The lightweight bone tissue found near the end of long bones is called A. blood vessel B. compact bone C. yellow bone marrow D. spongy bone 5. Compact bone tissue functions to A. produce red blood cells B. produce bone marrow C. support the body D. carry electrical impulses Date: Extended Response 6. Identify two types of joints. Describe the characteristics of each type. Select the term that best completes the statement. A. body temperature B. cardiac muscle C. movement D. movement muscle E. muscular system F. posture G. smooth muscle H. tendons I. voluntary muscle 7. Your is made up of all the muscles in your body. Unsaved Test, Version: 1 1
8. Shivering is one way your muscles help you maintain your. 9. Your muscles affect your by helping you stand up straight. 10. A skeletal muscle is called a because you can control the way it moves. 11., a type of involuntary muscle, is found inside some organs and performs automatic movements. 12. The muscle that makes up your heart is called. 13. Skeletal muscles can move bones because the muscles are attached to the bones by tissues called. Extended Response 14. Explain how muscles, tendons, and joints work together to produce movement in the body. Choose the letter of the best answer. 15. What helps muscles provide greater force? A. less or smaller fibers B. more or larger fibers C. decrease in exercise D. increase in muscle soreness 16. How does the motion of an object change when forces are balanced? A. It increases. B. It decreases. C. It increases, then decreases. D. There is no change. 17. Lori uses a rope draped over a beam to lift a heavy box. The rope system is a machine that A. increases the force Lori uses B. decreases the distance over which Lori must apply force C. decreases the total work required to lift the box D. changes the direction of Lori's force 18. How do muscles exert force? A. They contract. B. They expand. C. They separate. D. They push. 19. Using a ramp to lift an object A. decreases the force required and decreases the distance B. increases the force required and increases the distance C. decreases the force required but increases the distance D. increases the force required but decreases the distance Unsaved Test, Version: 1 2
Extended Response 20. Define balanced forces. Create a scenario that describes what happens when forces on an object are balanced and unbalanced. Choose the letter of the best answer. 21. What force does a machine exert on an object? A. effort force B. balanced force C. input force D. output force 22. The mechanical advantage of a machine is the A. output work divided by the input work B. input force divided by the output force C. output force divided by the input force D. input work divided by the output work 23. Most muscles in the body are third-class levers (input force between the fulcrum and output force). What advantage does this type of lever provide? A. slower motion B. a greater output force C. change in the direction of a force D. increase the speed of the load 24. You can increase the mechanical advantage of a lever by A. increasing the distance from the input force to the fulcrum B. decreasing the distance from the input force to the fulcrum C. increasing the distance from the output force to the fulcrum D. increasing the input force 25. In what type of lever is the fulcrum between the input and output forces? A. first-class B. second-class C. third-class D. fourth-class Extended Response 26. Draw a lever with a fulcrum at one end and a load somewhere along the lever. If you were trying to increase the output force, where would you put the input force? Draw this in your diagram. If you were trying to increase the speed or distance the load moves, where would you put the input force? Unsaved Test, Version: 1 3
Answer Key 1. C. providing support and protection 2. A. axial skeleton 3. B. hands and feet 4. D. spongy bone 5. C. support the body 6. 4 pointsfor a response that correctly describes both movable and immovable joints Sample: Joints can be either immovable or movable. Immovable joints lock bones together. They form rigid structures. Movable joints connect bones but still allow movement. These joints connect bones with tissues called ligaments. Students may also choose to describe the different types of movable joints in the body, such as ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot, saddle, gliding joints, and ellipsoid joints. 3 points:correctly describes one type of joint and partially describes the other 2 points:correctly describes one type of joint 1 point:partially describes one type of joint 7. E. muscular system 8. A. body temperature 9. F. posture 10. I. voluntary muscle 11. G. smooth muscle 12. B. cardiac muscle 13. H. tendons 14. 4 pointsfor a response that correctly explains how muscles, tendons, and joints produce movement. Sample: Muscles, tendons, and joints work together to produce movement in the body. Muscles can only pull, not push. As a muscle contracts, it shortens and pulls on the tendon. The tendon connects muscle tissue to bone tissue, often over a joint. Pulling on the tendon causes the bone to pivot in the direction of the muscle contraction. 3 pointsfor a response of how two of the three items produce movement 2 pointsfor a response of how one of the three items produce movement 1 pointfor a partial response of how one of the three items produce movement 15. B. more or larger fibers 16. D. There is no change. 17. D. changes the direction of Lori's force 18. A. They contract. 19. C. decreases the force required but increases the distance Unsaved Test, Version: 1 4
20. 4 points for a response that correctly describes balanced and unbalanced forces and gives an example of both Sample: Balanced forces occur when the same force is applied on an object but in opposing directions. When two teams pull a rope from opposite sides, the rope will not move if each team exerts the same force on the rope. If one team begins to pull the rope with a greater force, the rope will move towards them and away from the other team. 3 points: correctly describes balanced and unbalanced forces and gives an example of one or the other but not both 2 points: correctly describes balanced or unbalanced forces and gives and example of the description 1 point: correctly defines balanced or unbalanced forces but does not provide an example 21. D. output force 22. A. output work divided by the input work 23. D. increase the speed of the load 24. C. increasing the distance from the output force to the fulcrum 25. A. first-class 26. 4 points for the student that correctly draws and labels both levers. Sample: Students' drawings should show two labeled levers. The first should be a second-class lever, with the input force on the opposite end of the lever from fulcrum. The output force would be in the middle. In the second diagram, students' should draw a third-class lever. The input force will be in between the fulcrum and the output force. 3 points: correctly draws both levers and correctly labels at least one lever 2 points: correctly draws both levers or correctly draws and labels one lever 1 point: correctly draws a lever with the fulcrum at the end Unsaved Test, Version: 1 5
Standards Summary CA 7.5.a CA 7.6.h CA 7.5.c CA 7.6.i Students know plants and animals have levels of organization for structure and function, including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism. Students know how to compare joints in the body (wrist, shoulder, thigh) with structures used in machines and simple devices (hinge, ball-and-socket, and sliding joints). Students know how bones and muscles work together to provide a structural framework for movement. Students know how levers confer mechanical advantage and how the application of this principle applies to the musculoskeletal system. Unsaved Test, Version: 1 6