Empowered lives. Resilient Nations. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs)

Empowered lives. Resilient Nations. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs) PROVINCIAL PROFILE / LUAPULA PROVINCE / 2013

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MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs) PROVINCIAL PROFILE / LUAPULA PROVINCE / 2013 1

Luapula province Status at a Glance MDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger TARGET: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people living in extreme poverty Indicator Current Data * 2015 Target Will target be achieved under the present trend Proportion of population living in extreme poverty (%) 64.9 1 32 2 Significant reforms and investments needed Poverty gap ratio 41.3 3 31.1** Significant reforms and investments needed Gini coefficient 0.40 4 0.34** Significant reforms and investments needed TARGET: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people Employment to population ratio 92.3 5 TARGET: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age (%) 18.0 6 19.9 7 Yes MDG 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education TARGET: Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling Primary school net enrolment ratio (%) 95.5 8 100** Acceleration Required Pupils reaching Grade 7 86.4 9 100** Significant reforms and investments needed Literacy rates: 15-24-year-olds (%) 83.8 10 100** Significant reforms and investments needed MDG 3: Promote Gender Equality TARGET: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015 Ratio of girls to boys in primary education 0.96 11 1** Acceleration Required Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education 0.74 12 1** Significant reforms and investments needed MDG 4: Reduce Child Mortality TARGET: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate U-5 mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) 199 13 81 14 Significant reforms and investments needed Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) 100 15 49 16 Significant reforms and investments needed One-year-olds immunized against measles (%) 88 17 100** Significant reforms and investments needed 2

MDG 5:Improve maternal health TARGET: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio Indicator Current Data * 2015 Target Will target be achieved under the present trend Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births) 573 18 162.3** Significant reforms and investments needed Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 33.9 19 - MDG 6: Combat HIV&AIDS, Malaria and other major diseases TARGET: Have halted, by 2015, and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence rate (%) 13.2 20 <15.6** Yes Proportion of 15-24 year old females with comprehensive, correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%) 30.7 21 Proportion of 15-24 year old males with comprehensive, correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%) 34.7 22 Ratio of school attendance of orphans to non-orphans (10-14 year olds) 1.06 23 1** Yes TARGET: Have halted, by 2015, and begun to reverse, the incidence of malaria and other major diseases New malaria cases per 1,000 population 429 24 255** Significant reforms and investments needed Malaria fatality rate per 1,000 population 37 25 11** Significant reforms and investments needed Households with ITNs (%) 50.1 26 MDG 7: Ensure environmental sustainability TARGET: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation Proportion of population without access to an improved water source (%) Proportion of population without access to improved sanitation facilities (%) 69.3 27 25.5** Significant reforms and investments needed 86.3 28 13** Significant reforms and investments needed 3

Luapula Provincial Profile Overview Population Luapula province covers a total land surface area of 50,567 1 km 2 and the province borders with the Democratic Republic of Congo. Within the country, the province shares administrative boundaries with Central and Muchinga province in the south and Northern province in the east. The province consists of seven (07) districts namely; Chienge, Kawambwa, Mansa, Milenge, Mwense and Nchelenge and Samfya. Mansa is the provincial capital and semi-urbanised. The province s population is estimated at 991,927 (see figure 1). The population increased by 27.9% between the 2000 and 2010 censuses. According to the 2010 census, males make up 49.3% (488,589) of the provincial population whilst females account for 50.7% (503,338). From the total population, 80.4% live in rural areas whilst 19.6% live in urban areas of the province. The average population growth rate for the province (2.5%) makes it the sixth fastest growing province in the country. 5

Figure 1: Population growth and change in population density, Luapula province 1969-2010 991,927 Growth rate Population Density 775,353 19.6 335,584 420,966 525,160 2.1% 6.6 2.1% 8.3 2.2% 11.2 3.2% 15.3 2.5% 1969 1980 1990 2000 2010 1969 1980 1990 2000 2010 Source: CSO, Census of population and housing1990, 2000, and 2010, CSO, Zambia In terms of population growth at district level, Milenge has the fastest population growth rate of 4.2%, followed by Nchelenge 3.2%, Chienge 3.1% and Kawambwa district 2.7%. Mansa and Samfya have the lowest population growth rates of 2.4% and 2.0% per annum respectively. Among all the districts in the province, Mwense has the least share of the provincial population with a 1.3% growth rate per annum in the province (see table 1). Table 1: Population by district, Luapula 2000 and 2010 Luapula province Districts Population 2000 Population 2010 Population growth rate (2000-2010) Chienge 83,824 114,225 3.1 Kawambwa 102,503 134,414 2.7 Mansa 179,749 228,392 2.4 Milenge 28,790 43,337 4.2 Mwense 105,759 119,841 1.3 Nchelenge 111,119 152,807 3.2 Samfya 163,609 198,911 2.0 Luapula 775,353 991,927 2.5 Source: CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Population Summary Report, CSO, Zambia 6

Luapula province has a population density of 19.6 2 persons per km 2 from an estimated 15.3 persons per km 2 in 2000. At district level, Nchelenge is the most densely populated district (37.4 persons per km 2 ), followed by Chienge (28.8 persons per km 2 ) and Mansa (23.1 persons per km 2 ). Mwense and Kawambwa have the population densities of 17.8 persons per km 2 and 14.4 persons per km 2 respectively. Among all the districts in the province, Milenge has the least population density of 6.9 persons per km 2 (see table 2). The population age structure for the province shows that 47.9% are below 15 years; among those 48.7% live in rural areas while 44.4% live in urban areas. The youth population 15-24 years accounts for 19% of the provincial population, among those 18.4% live in rural areas whilst 21.9% live in urban areas. Table 2: Population density by district, Luapula 2010 Districts Land size (km 2) Population Person per km 2 Chienge 3,965 114,225 28.8 Kawambwa 9,303 134,414 14.4 Mansa 9,901 228,392 23.1 Milenge 6,261 43,337 6.9 Mwense 6,718 119,841 17.8 Nchelenge 4,090 152,807 37.4 Samfya 10,329 198,911 19.3 Luapula 50,567 991,927 19.6 Source: CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Population Summary Report, CSO, Zambia 7

Figure 2: Population by rural and urban and age group, Luapula 2010 Rural Urban 797,407 388,455 387,303 86,401 146,392 42,470 103,259 21,649 4,860 194,520 Below 15yrs 15-24 yrs 15-64 yrs 65 + yrs Luapula Province Statistics adapted from: CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Population Summary Report, CSO, Zambia The province has a total of 194,962 households, an increase of 18.3% from 164,739 households in the 2000 census. Of the 194,962 households, 77.9% (151,913) are male headed while females head 22.1% (43,049) of households. The average household size for the province is 5.1 persons. Figure 3: Number of households and sex of head of household, Luapula 2010 194,962 151,913 43.049 Total Male Female Source: CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Population Summary Report, CSO, Zambia 8

The MDGs in Luapula Province

MDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Halve between 1990 and 2015 the proportion of people living in extreme poverty Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Proportion of population living in extreme poverty (%) 32 64.9 Poverty gap ratio 31.1 41.3 Gini coefficient 0.34 0.40 Table 3: Incidence and levels of poverty, Luapula province 2010 Indicator Percentage Poverty incidence 80.5% Extremely poor 64.9% Moderately poor 15.6% Source: CSO, LCMS 2010 The incidence of poverty has increased from 73.9% in 2006 to 80.5% in 2010 representing an increase of 6.6%. The province also registered an increase in the incidence of extreme poverty between 2006 and 2010. Extreme poverty increased from 53.6% in 2006 to 64.9% in 2010 representing an increase of 11.3 per cent. Whilst the proportion of the population extremely poor has increased; the proportion of the population moderately poor has declined from 20.3% in 2006 to 15.6% in 2010. The incidence of poverty is generally higher in rural than urban areas and varies among households. Female headed households are generally the worst affected. Poverty is also highest among those with lower education, the unemployed and non-farming communities. However, the poverty gap ratio in the province has increased from 38.1% in 2006 to 41.3% in 2010. 11

Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Employment to population ratio 0 92.3 Figure 4: Labour force participation rate, formal and informal employment, Luapula 2012 81.5% 96.1% 85.4% 1.9% 3.9% 4.9% Labour force growth rate Labour force participation rate Formal sector employment Informal sector employment Agriculture informal employment Unemployment rate Statistics adapted from: CSO (2012) Preliminary Results of the 2012 Labour Force Survey, CSO, Zambia Luapula province has an average annual labour force growth rate of 1.9% 3. According to the labour force survey 2012, Luapula province labour force participation rate is 81.5%, a 3% increase from 84.5% in 2008. In terms of employment by sector, the majority 96.1% depend on the informal sector for employment while the remaining 3.9% 4 are engaged in the formal sector. Distribution of employment by sector indicates that of the population engaged in the informal sector, 85.4% are engaged in agriculture while 14.6% 5 depend on nonagriculture activities for livelihoods. Additionally, statistics show that agriculture as a percentage of formal sector employment accounts for 15.9% employment while 84.1% are engaged in non-agriculture for livelihoods. Unemployment rate for the province stand at 4.9%, a 2.7% increase was recorded in 2012 from 2.2% in 2008. Looking at sex differentials, the proportion of the unemployed is higher among females 5.6% than males 4.2%. Access to water provides the rural communities with small-scale farming opportunities, which is a major source of livelihoods and income in addition to fishing and auxiliary services. 12

Halve between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age (%) 19.9 18.0 Figure 5: Child health and malnutrition levels, Luapula 2006 and 2010 2006 2010 56.1% 49.2% 29.1% 18% 6.6% 5.8% Underweight Stunting Wasting Statistics adapted from: CSO (2010) Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report 2006-2010, CSO, Zambia In terms of child health, Luapula province experiences similar child health problems like other provinces such as stunting, underweight and malnutrition exacerbated by insufficient dietary intake. The incidence of underweight among children below the age of five has dropped from 29.1% in 2006 to 18.0% in 2010. The incidence of stunting has also declined by 6.9% from 56.1% in 2006 to 49.2% in 2010. Wasting has however remained stubbornly high in the province although it has declined by 0.8% from 6.6% in 2006 to 5.8% in 2010. Inadequate dietary intake among children underfive is the main cause of child underweight although other factors such as poor and intermittent child feeding contribute to the problem. The prevalence of underweight for children under-five is exacerbated by poverty and inadequate dietary intake and is highest among the extremely poor households. Incidences of underweight are also prevalent among households with family size of 5 to 6 members and among mothers that have not completed/attained primary education. 13

MDG 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Primary school enrolment ratio (%) 100 95.5 Pupils reaching grade seven (7) 100 86.4 Literacy rates (15-24 years old (%) 100 83.8 Luapula province has made steady progress in primary school enrolment and literacy rates. The literacy rate among people five years and above in the province is 62.6%. Youth literacy was estimated at 83.8% in 2010 and the literacy rate for adult population 15 years and older was 77.9%. The primary school net enrolment ratio is estimated at 95.5% whereas 86.4% of pupils are estimated to reach grade seven (7) in the province. Figure 6: Literacy levels by age group, Luapula 2010 62.6% 83.8% 77.9% 5+ years 15-24 yrs 15+ yrs (adults) Statistics adapted from: CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 15

Primary school attendance is estimated at 31.1% for those aged 5 years and older and 70.3% for the age group 7 to 13 years. Gross primary school attendance stands at 88.6% while the net primary school attendance is 64.0%, suggesting a significant number of learners attending primary school are above the official age group. On average, it is estimated that 49.5% of the population (25 years and older) have completed primary school in the province. As regards secondary education, gross attendance in the province was 57.8% in 2010 while the net attendance rate was 35.9%. Only 22.7% of the population 25 years and older are estimated to have completed secondary education and 5.4% tertiary education. Figure 7: School attendance, primary and secondary and gender parity index, Luapula 2010 Primary Secondary 57.8% 88.6% 70.3% 64% 35.9% 49.5% 22.7% 31.1% 0.96% 0.74% 5+ yrs 7-13 yrs Gross primary school attendance Net primary school attendance Population completed primary school Gender parity index Gender parity index Population completed secondary school Net secondary school attendance Gross secondary school attendance Statistics adapted from CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 17

MDG 3: Promote Gender Equality Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015 Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Ratio of boys to girls in primary school 1.00 0.96 Ratio of boys to girls in secondary school 1.00 0.74 The gender parity index of the province, estimated at 0.96 shows that there are more boys than girls in primary education in the province. It is worth noting that Luapula province gender parity index is close to 1 and that the province can attain gender parity in primary school. The secondary school gender parity index, at 0.74, however reveals that there are significant numbers of women that are not progressing to secondary school. Unequal access to education is generally driven by inequality associated with access to income and varies among households. Poor households are three to four times less likely to meet the cost of education for both secondary and tertiary levels. The statistics also suggest that the practice, especially in most rural communities, of sending the boy child to school in preference to the girl child contributes to this inequality. This is in addition to other factors such as early girl child pregnancies and early marriages. A girl child in rural communities in Zambia is three to four times more likely to have never attended school than a boy child. 19

MDG 4: Reduce Child Mortality Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Under-5 mortality rate (deaths per 1000 live births) 81 199 Infant mortality Rate (deaths per 1000 live births) 49 100 One year old immunised against measles (%) 100 88 Trends for the province show a significant drop in both child and under-five mortality. For example, in the year 2000, child mortality was 103 deaths per 1000 live births. This dropped to 100 deaths per 1000 live births in 2010. Additionally, the incidence of under-five mortality has reduced by 34 deaths per 1000 from 233 deaths per 1000 live births in 2000 to 199 deaths per 1000 live births in 2010. The drop may be attributed to an increase in health facilities in the province, increased uptake of family planning and increased number of births delivered within hospital settings. However, inequalities with regard to access to health care services still exist in rural communities. Figure 8: Infant, child and under-five mortality, Luapula 2010 223 199 137.6 103 132 100 100 61.5 76.2 Zambia 2010 Luapula 2000 Luapula 2010 Child Mortality Under-Five Mortality Infant Mortality Rate Statistics adapted from: CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 21

Infant mortality has also reduced from 132 deaths per 1000 live births in 2000 to 100 deaths per 1000 live births in 2010. However, it is unlikely that Luapula province will meet its MDG target to reduce infant mortality to 49 deaths per 1000 live births by 2015. Similarly, the target of reducing under-five mortality to less than 81 deaths per 1,000 live births is unlikely to be met by 2015. The province however is doing well in terms of child immunization coverage which was estimated at 88% in 2010, up from 81% in 2009. Figure 9: Child immunisation coverage, Luapula 2008-2010 84% 81% 88% 2008 2009 2010 Statistics adapted from: Ministry of Health, Zambia (2010) Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 2010, Ministry of Health, Zambia 23

MDG 5: Improve Maternal Health Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births) 162.3 573 Proportion of births attended by skilled personnel *** 33.9 Table 4: Antenatal coverage and number of antenatal visit among pregnant women, Luapula 2008 2010 Antenatal Care 2008 2009 2010 Antenatal Coverage 103 95 84 Antenatal visits 2.7 2.6 2.5 Source: Ministry of Health, Zambia (2010) Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 2010, Ministry of Health, Zambia Among the 10 provinces, Luapula province has the second highest maternal mortality ratio. Currently, the maternal mortality ratio is 573 6 deaths per 100,000 live births, almost four times the MDG national target of 162.3 deaths per 100,000 live births. One of the major causes is the high incidence of unsupervised deliveries. According to the Ministry of Health 2010 annual statistical bulletin, 46% of all deliveries were unsupervised, while traditional birth attendants attended to 15% deliveries and institutional deliveries accounted for 39% total deliveries in the province. As of 2010, the province had a total of 49 doctors, 77 clinical officers and 397 nurses supported by 96 midwives. The health worker ratio in the province also remains low at 63 health workers per 100,000 population. Antenatal coverage has dropped from 103 in 2008 to 95 in 2009, and in 2010 it declined further to 84. The fluctuation may be attributed to uneven coverage of sensitization programme, limited knowledge among pregnant women, reduction in outreach and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission programmes (PMTCT). Antenatal visits have remained relatively low but stable from the period 2008 to 2010.The provision of antenatal care recommends at least 12 antenatal visits with the assumption that more visits result in better care for pregnant women. It is during this period when the clinic provides early detection of problems relating to the pregnancy. 25

MDG 6: Combat HIV & AIDS, Malaria and other diseases Halve halted, by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV and AIDS Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data HIV prevalence rate (%) 15.6 13.2 Proportion of 15-24 year old females with comprehensive, correct knowledge of HIV (%) *** 30.7 Proportion of 15-24 year old males with comprehensive, correct knowledge of HIV (%) *** 34.7 Ratio of school attendance of orphans and vulnerable children (10-14) years old 1 1.06 Malaria cases per 1000 population 255 429 Malaria fatality rate per 1000 population 11 37 Households with insecticide treated nets (%) *** 50.1 The HIV prevalence rate in the province is estimated at 13.2%. Of those, 10% (12,801) are on antiretroviral treatment. Additionally, the total number of people who know their HIV status increased from 126,872 in 2009 to 134,976 in 2010 representing an increase of 6.4%. Currently, the province has a total of 32 health facilities providing antiretroviral services to adult and children who are on treatment. The proportion of the population 15 to 24 years with comprehensive and correct knowledge about HIV in the province is almost similar for both sexes but slightly higher among males 34.7% than females 30.7%. However, knowledge does not always equal prevention and the population 15 to 24 years remains highly at increased risk of HIV and AIDS. Analysis of trends in the rate of school attendance among orphans and vulnerable children who had lost both parents due to AIDS showed that the school attendance ratio of orphans to non-orphans aged between 10 and 14 years old in the province was 1.06. 27

The high burden of communicable water related diseases also presents other health challenges in the province. For example, the incidence of malaria is very high in the province and increased from 304 cases per 1000 population in 2008 to 373 cases per 1000 population in 2009. In 2010 the incidence of malaria increased to 429 cases per 1000 population. On the contrary however, malaria case fatality rate per 1000 admissions has been declining from 40 cases per 1000 admission in 2008 to 21 cases per 1000 admission in 2009. However, in 2010 malaria case fatality increased to 37 cases per 1000 admission. This fluctuation may be attributed to inadequate use of treated nets where 50.1% or (97,676) of the households have insecticide treated mosquito nets. In many instances particularly in provinces where there are fishery resources, mosquito nets have often been used for fishing defeating their intended purpose in preventing malaria through mosquito bites. Figure 10: Malaria incidence and case fatality rate, Luapula 2008-2010 429 373 304 40 21 37 2008 2009 2010 Malaria incidence Malaria case fatality rate Statistics adapted from: Ministry of Health, Zambia (2010) Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 2010, Ministry of Health, Zambia 29

MDG 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability Halve, by 2015 the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Proportion of population without access to an improved water source (%) 25.5 69.3 Proportion of population without access to improved sanitation (%) 13 86.3 A large number of the population in Luapula province have no access to safe drinking water. Although inequalities between rural and urban exist largely in the supply of clean water, the rural poor have no access to municipal water supply. Many draw water from wells while the rural poor particularly those living proximity to streams and rivers draw water from streams, rivers and swamps making them susceptible to ill health. There still are 69.3% 7 of the households in the province that are without access to an improved water source. This means that from a total of 194,962 households, 135,109 households do not have access to an improved water source. Only 30.7% or 59,853 households have access to an improved water source and Luapula province is unlikely to meet MDG 7 target. In terms of sanitation, the majority of the households (86.3% or 168,252 households) do not have access to an improved sanitation. Lack of good and improved sanitation is often associated with outbreaks of communicable diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. Diarrhoea incidences are quite high in the province with incidence rates of 72 cases per 1000 in 2008, increasing to 77 cases per 1000 in 2009 8. However in 2010, incidences declined to 60 cases per 1000 population. As regards access to electricity, the majority 94.0% (183,264) 9 of households have no access to electricity. It is estimated that 4.6% (11,698) households have access to electricity. The rural and urban poor depend largely on the natural resources where forest provide an important livelihoods source of energy where 52.1% (101,575) of the households rely on firewood and 46% (89,683) on charcoal for cooking. This clearly shows how forest is over-exploited and likely to induce other environmental related impacts such as soil erosion, climate change, and reduced natural habitat and rain cycles. 31

Endnotes: 1. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Population Summary Report, CSO, Zambia 2. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 3. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 4. CSO, (2010) Census of Population and Housing: Population Summary Report. CSO, Lusaka. 5. CSO (2010) Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report 2006-2010, CSO, Zambia 6. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 7. This is the ratio of the economically active population to the working age population expressed as a percentage. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 8. CSO (2012) Preliminary Results of the 2012 Labour Force Survey, CSO, Zambia 9. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 10. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 11. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 12. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 13. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 14. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 15. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 16. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 17. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 18. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 19. CSO (2010) Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report 2006-2010, CSO, Zambia 20. Ministry of Health, Zambia (2010) Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 2010, Ministry of Health, Zambia 21. CSO (2010) Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report 2006-2010, CSO, Zambia *** The MDG targets for the indicators is currently not available. 32

Endnotes for the provincial status at a glance table 1 2010, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS), Central Statistics Office 2 This target was calculated based on the extreme poverty levels in 1990 which were 51% for Copperbelt Province according to the Central Statistics Office (1991) Social Dimensions of Adjustments, Priority Survey 1. To get to the 2015 provincial target, the proportion of people living in extreme poverty must reduce by half. 3 2010, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS), Central Statistics Office 4 2012, Zambia Economic Brief Recent Economic Developments and the State of Basic Human Development for Children, World Bank 5 2010, Census of Population and Housing: Analytical Report, Central Statistics Office 6 2010, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS), Central Statistics Office 7 This target was calculated based on the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (1992/93) on under-five Children who were classified undernourished according to three anthropometric indices of nutritional status: height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age. By 1990, 22.7% of children under five were underweight in Copperbelt Province. To get the 2015 provincial target, the proportion of children under five must reduce by half. 8 2010, Educational Statistical Bulletin (ESB), Ministry of Education 9 2010, Educational Statistical Bulletin (ESB), Ministry of Education 10 2010, Census of Population and Housing: Analytical Report, Central Statistics Office 11 2010, Census of Population and Housing: Analytical Report, Central Statistics Office 12 2010, Census of population and housing, Central Statistics Office 13 2010, Census of Population and Housing: Analytical Report, Central Statistics Office 14 This target was calculated based on the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (1992/93) Under-five Mortality Rates which were 144 deaths per 1000 live birth for Copperbelt Province. To get the 2015 target, this must reduce by two thirds. 15 2010, Census of population and housing, Central Statistics Office 16 This target was calculated based on the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (1992/93) Infant Mortality Rates which were 69 deaths per 1,000 live births for Copperbelt Province. To get the 2015 target, this must reduce by two thirds. 17 2010, Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 18 2010, Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 19 2007, Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 20 2007, Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 21 2007, Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 22 2007, Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 23 2007, Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 24 2010, Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 25 2010, Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 26 2010, Zambia national Malaria Indicator Survey 27 2010, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report, Central Statistics Office 28 2010, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report, Central Statistics Office ** National target. Provincial target could not be calculated due to limited baseline data; however national MGD target was used instead. Photo Credit: Smith / UN Communications Group / 2012 Printed by New Horizon Printing Press, Lusaka, Zambia

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