Cells Location Function Simple squamous epithelium Air sacs of lungs and the lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels Allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration, and secretes lubricating substance Simple cuboidal epithelium, ; > - ' in ducts and secretory portions of small glands and In kidney tubules Secretes and absorbs Simple columnar epithelium i Ciliated tissues are in bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus; smooth (nonciliated tissues) are in the digestive tract, bladder Absorbs; it also secretes mucous and enzymes Pseudostratified columnar epithelium i '< ' * Ciliated tissue lines the trachea and much of the upper respiratory tract Secretes mucus; ciliated tissue moves mucus Stratified squamous epithelium.' a»" ;' as,-"/- -4s.'~:. & :. Ci* X eg. r ss ' ' W '. Lines the esophagus, mouth, and vagina Protects against abrasion Stratified cuboidal epithelium Sweat glands, salivary glands, and the mammary glands Protective tissue Stratified columnar epithelium # '.«\9 \ #:( ; The male urethra and the ducts of some glands Secretes and protects Transitional epithelium Lines the bladder, uretha, and the ureters Allows the urinary organs to expand and stretch
STATION 1: EPITHELIUM (EPITHELIAL TISSUE) Simple Stratified Squamous. Simple squamous epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium Cuboidal Simple cuboidal epithelium Stratified cuboidal epithelium Pseudostratified Columnar........... Simple columnar epithelium Stratified columnar epithelium Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
STATION 1: EPITHELIUM fepithelial TISSUE) Classification of Epithelia * Shape of cells Squamous flattened Cuboldal cube-shaped Columnar column-like Squamous Cuboldal Columnar (b) Classification based on cell shape Types of Epithelium Stratified squamous Stratified cuboidal Pseudostratified columnar
The 4 Basic Tissue Types in the Human Body Tissues are groups of cells with a common structure (form) and function (job). There are four main tissues in the body - epithelium, muscle, connective tissue and nervous tissue. STATION 1: EPITHELIUM (EPITHELIAL TISSUE) Functions (jobs): 1) It protects us from the outside world - skin. 2) Absorbs - stomach and intestinal lining (gut) 3) Filters - the kidney 4) Secretes - forms glands Characteristics (Traits): 1) Closely attached to each other forming a protective barrier. 2) Always has one free (apical) surface open to outside the body or inside (cavity) an internal organ. 3) Always had one fixed (basal) section attached to underlying connective tissue. 4) Has no blood vessels but can soak up nutrients from blood vessels in connective tissue underneath. 5) Can have lots of nerves in it (innervated). 6) Very good at regenerating (fixing itself), i.e. sunburn, skinned knee. Classifications (types): 1) By shape a) squamous - flat and scale-like b) cuboidal - as tall as they are wide c) columnar - tall, column-shaped 2) By cell arrangement a) simple epithelium - single layer of cells (usually for absorption and filtration) b) stratified epithelium - stacked up call layers (protection from abrasion (rubbing) - mouth, skin.) cuboidal epithelium squamous epithelium columnar epithelium Sheri Amsel
STATION 2: CONNECTIVE TISSUE Cartilages in the Adult Body (a) Hyaline cartilage (180x) Chondrocyte in a lacuna Matrix Lacuna Perichondrium (b) Elastic cartilage (470x) Chondrocyte in a lacuna Elastic fibers Gelatinous ground substance (c) Fibrocartilage (28Sx) Fig. 175. Cartilage
STATION 2: CONNECTIVE TISSUE The three types of dense connective tissues Collagen fiber Fibroblast nuclei tfcl x 440 Dense regular connective tissue in a tendon from the triceps muscle L - wimaamukstt 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Elastic tissue from a ligament between vertebrae
STATION 2: CONNECTIVE TISSUE WMMM 5 tit i-lpf lam. 1,/Mm imwmk Collagen fibers Fibroblast nuclei (a) Regular dense
STATION 2: CONNECTIVE TISSUE Dense Connective Tissue Adipose Tissue (Connective Tissue) Areolar* Tissue (Connective Tissue) me Blood (Connective Tissue) (Connective Tissue) Sheri Arose!. Compact bone tissue j Bone cell \ (osteocyte) Figure. Specialised connective tissues : fa) Cartilage (b) Bone (c) Blood
STATION 2: CONNECTIVE TISSUE Functions (jobs): 1) Wraps around and cushions and protects organs 2) Stores nutrients 3) Internal support for organs 4) As tendon and ligaments protects joints and attached muscles to bone and each other 5) Runs through organ capsules and in deep layers of skin giving strength The 3 Elements of Connective Tissue: 1) Ground substance - gel around cells and fibers 2) Fibers - provide strength, elasticity and support 3) Cells 2 Kinds of Connective Tissue: 1) Loose Connective Tissue: a) Areolar Connective Tissue - cushion around organs, loose arrangement of cells and fibers. b) Adipose Tissue - storehouse for nutrients, packed with cells and blood vessels c) Reticular Connective Tissue - internal supporting framework of some organs, delicate network of fibers and cells 2) Dense Connective Tissue: a) Dense Regular Connective Tissue - tendons and ligaments, regularly arranged bundles packed with fibers running same way for strength in one direction. b) Dense Irregular Connective Tissue - skin, organ capsules, irregularly arranged bundles packed with fibers for strength in all directions. SPECIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUES 1) Cartilage Functions (jobs): a) provides strength with flexibility while resisting wear, i.e. epiglottis, external ear, larynx b) cushions and shock absorbs where bones meet, i.e. intervertebral discs, joint capsules 2) Bone Functions (jobs): a) provides framework and strength for body b) allows movement c) stores calcium d) contains blood-forming cells 3) Blood Functions (jobs): a) transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients around the body b) immune response
Station 3
STATION 3: MUSCLE TISSUE Characteristic Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Body location Attached to bones or. for Walls of the heart some facial muscles, to Mostly in walls of hollow visceral organs (other titan the heart! Cell shape and appearance Single, very long, cylindrical, muliimieleate cells with very obvious striations Branching chains of cells; uninucleate, striations; intercalated discs Single, fusiform, uninucleate; no striations Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle Skeletal Muscle Tissue^ Tissue _ Tissue 1 *» h. ^ 1! ~t t ks... ' e ; H u \ Involuntary Control Involuntary Control Voluntary Control
STATION 3: MUSCLE TISSUE SMOOTH CARDIA' SKELETA Location Ceil characteristics Wall of hollow organs, vessels, respiratory passageways Tapered at each end, branching networks, nonstriated Wall of heart Branching networks; special membranes (intercalated disks) between cells; single nucleus; lightly striated Attached to bones Long and cylindrical; multlnucleatcd; heavily striated Control Action Involuntary Produces peristalsis; contracts and relaxes slowly; may sustain contraction Involuntary Pumps blood out of heart; self-excitatory but influenced by nervous system and hormones Voluntary' Produces movement at joints; stimulated by nervous system; contracts and relaxes rapidly
STATION 3: MUSCLE TISSUE Functions (jobs): 1) Responsible for body movement 2) Moves blood, food, waste through body's organs 3) Responsible for mechanical digestion The 3 Types of Muscle Tissue 1) Smooth Muscle - organ walls and blood vessel walls, involuntary, spindle-shaped cells for pushing things through organs 2) Skeletal Muscle - large body muscles, voluntary, striated muscle packed in bundles and attached to bones for movement 3) Cardiac Muscle - heart wall, involuntary, striated muscle with intercalated discs connecting cells for synchronized contractions during heart beat. Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle Sheri Amsel www.exploringnature.org
</> D O 0) issue
STATION 4: NERVOUS TISSUE Functions (jobs): 1) Conducts impulses to and from body organs via neurons The 3 Elements of Nervous Tissue 1) Brain 2) Spinal cord 3) Nerves Sensory neurons pick up stimuli from sensors in the body (temperature, pressure, pain, etc.) and send it to the CNS (central nervous system), which will process the information and send a signal to the motor neuron to respond. Motor neurons control muscles, glands, voice box, etc. The diagram below showing the nerve transmission: Interneuron /