Name: Date: 1. Resting potential is to action potential as is to. A) adrenal gland; pituitary gland B) sensory neuron; motor neuron C) temporal lobe; occipital lobe D) polarization; depolarization E) dendrite; axon 2. With regard to the process of neural transmission, a refractory period refers to a time interval in which A) a neuron fires more rapidly than usual. B) an electrical charge travels from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron. C) positively charged ions are pumped back outside a neural membrane. D) am individual reflexively withdraws from a pain stimulus. E) dendrites transmit more electrical signals to axons. 3. An all-or-none response pattern is characteristic of the A) initiation of neural impulses. B) release of endorphins into the central nervous system. C) release of hormones into the bloodstream. D) activation of either the sympathetic or the parasympathetic system. E) excitation of the antagonistic hormonal system. 4. An undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked to A) Alzheimer's disease. B) schizophrenia. C) Parkinson's disease. D) depression. E) euphoria. 5. Alzheimer's disease is most closely linked to the deterioration of neurons that produce A) dopamine. B) acetylcholine. C) epinephrine. D) endorphins. E) glutamate. 6. Schizophrenia is most closely linked with excess receptor activity for the neurotransmitter A) dopamine. B) epinephrine. C) acetylcholine. D) serotonin. E) GABA. 7. An undersupply of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter known as is linked to seizures. A) glutamate B) GABA C) serotonin D) ACh E) dopamine Page 1
8. Migraine headaches are most closely linked with an A) oversupply of GABA. B) undersupply of serotonin. C) oversupply of glutamate. D) undersupply of acetylcholine. E) oversupply of norepinepherine. 9. Some opiate drugs have molecular structures so similar to endorphins that they mimic endorphin's euphoric effects in the brain, making these opiate drugs which kind of molecule? E) autonomics 10. What are the molecules that are similar enough to a neurotransmitter to bind to its receptor sites on a dendrite and mimic that neurotransmitter's effects called? E) action potentials 11. Molecules that are similar enough to a neurotransmitter to bind to its receptor sites on a dendrite and block that neurotransmitter's effects are called what? E) action potentials 12. Botulin is a poison with a molecular structure so similar to acetylcholine (ACh) that it blocks the effects of ACh in synapses, making botulin which kind of molecule? A) agonist B) antagonist C) endorphin D) endocrine E) autonomic 13. The peripheral nervous system is to sensory neurons as the central nervous system is to A) motor neurons. B) neurotransmitters. C) interneurons. D) the sympathetic nervous system. E) the parasympathetic nervous system. 14. An accelerated heartbeat is to a slowed heartbeat as the nervous system is to the nervous system. A) somatic; autonomic B) autonomic; somatic C) central; peripheral D) sympathetic; parasympathetic E) parasympathetic; sympathetic Page 2
15. Stimulated digestion is to inhibited digestion as the nervous system is to the nervous system. A) somatic; autonomic B) autonomic; somatic C) central; peripheral D) sympathetic; parasympathetic E) parasympathetic; sympathetic 16. Motor neurons are to the nervous system as interneurons are to the nervous system. A) sympathetic; parasympathetic B) central; peripheral C) autonomic; somatic D) parasympathetic; sympathetic E) peripheral; central 17. Information travels from the spinal cord to the brain via A) interneurons. B) the circulatory system. C) sensory neurons. D) the sympathetic nervous system. E) the endocrine system. 18. A football quarterback can simultaneously make calculations of receiver distances, player movements, and gravitational forces. This best illustrates the activity of multiple A) endocrine glands. B) endorphin agonists. C) neural networks. D) endorphin antagonists. E) thresholds. 19. People can simultaneously process many aspects of sensory information such as color, shape, and size. This best illustrates the functioning of multiple A) ACh agonists. B) dendrites.. D) neural networks. E) ACh antagonists. 20. After a car swerves in front of you on the highway, you notice that your heart is still racing, even though you know you are no longer in danger. Why do the physical symptoms of fear linger even after we cognitively realize the danger has passed? A) Dopamine controls fear, and this chemical takes a certain amount of time to break down in your system. B) Endocrine messages tend to outlast the effects of neural messages. C) Excitatory neurotransmitters travel faster than inhibitory neurotransmitters. D) The parasympathetic nervous system is less effective than the sympathetic nervous system. E) The adrenal glands tend to act more quickly than the rest of the endocrine system. Page 3
21. At the age of 22, Mrs. LaBlanc was less than 4 feet tall. Her short stature was probably influenced by the lack of a growth hormone produced by the A) pancreas. B) thyroid. C) adrenal gland. D) pituitary gland. E) myelin. 22. At puberty, the hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH), causing the secretion of gonadotropins by the pituitary gland. These hormones cause the ovaries to produce estrogen and testes to produce testosterone. As the levels of these hormones rise, they shut down the release of GnRH and the gonadotropins. This example illustrates the A) feedback systems connecting the brain and endocrine systems. B) information highway connecting the peripheral nervous system to the brain. C) role of agonists and antagonists in the nervous system. D) reflex pathways running through the spinal cord. E) combined signals of excitatory and inhibitory connections. Page 4
Answer Key 1. D 2. E 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. A 11. B 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. E 16. E 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. B 21. D 22. A Page 5