Nervous & Endocrine Systems. Unit 3
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1 Nervous & Endocrine Systems Unit 3 Modified PowerPoint from: Aneeq Ahmad -- Henderson State University. Worth Publishers 2007
2 Goals for today Describe the nervous system and its subdivisions and functions: central and peripheral nervous systems Discuss the effect of the endocrine system on behavior.
3 Nervous System Consists of all the nerve cells. It is the body s speedy, electrochemical communication system. Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Contains the brain & the spinal cord In the center of the body The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body.
4 Central Nervous System (CNS) The neural center of the body our body s control center Super highway of nerves means of transmitting messages between the brain and the body
5 Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Nervous System: controls voluntary movements and communication to and from the sense organs you control these items, they don t just happen Autonomic Nervous System: controls involuntary functions or items that happen automatically within our body breathing, heartbeat, digestion, etc.
6 Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Sympathetic Nervous System: division of the ANS that arouses the body, preparing it to act/react in stressful situations and expend energy Parasympathetic Nervous System: division of the ANS that calms the body, conserving its energy & helping keep a constant internal state
7 Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Sympathetic NS Arouses (fight-or-flight) Parasympathetic NS Calms (rest and digest)
8 Kinds of Neurons Sensory neurons (afferent) carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the CNS. Sensory Neuron (Bipolar) Interneurons act as messengers between the two neurons & exist entirely within the CNS Interneuron Neuron (Unipolar) Motor Neurons (efferent) carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscles and glands. Motor Neuron (Multipolar)
9 How the 3 types of neurons communicate
10 The Endocrine System The body s slow chemical communication system. Under normal circumstances works in parallel with the parasympathetic NS to sustain our basic processes. In a crisis works to support the actions of the sympathetic NS.
11 Example... While walking down the street, a man pulls a gun on you the hormone epinephrine (adrenalin) released into the bloodstream, sustaining the body s defensive reaction ( fight or flight response) the endocrine system finishes what your sympathetic NS started, keeping your heart pounding and muscles tense, ready for action
12 Hormones Hormones are chemicals synthesized by the various endocrine glands and secreted in the bloodstream have similar structure/function as many neurotransmitters DIFFERENCES BETWEEN Hormones Neurotransmitters Speed of transmission Slow (minutes) Fast (seconds) Length of influence Last longer (wks) Brief duration Method of transmission Bloodstream Neurons *they are the same thing, just manufactured and located in different parts of the body Neurotransmitters- made in neurons, in the nervous system Hormones- made by gland, in the body and bloodstream
13 Pituitary Gland master gland Attempts to keep all endocrine responses under tight control Pituitary gland is under the control of the hypothalamus sends out hormone signals to the other endocrine glands
14 Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands Regulate metabolic, physical growth and development and calcium rate. Adrenal Glands & Pancreas Adrenal glands regulate fight or flight response & metabolism. Pancreas regulates level of sugar
15 Gonads Regulate bodily development (secondary sex characteristics) and maintain reproductive organs in adults (produce sperm/eggs). produces testosterone produces estrogen & progesterone
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