Fig. A.1 Frontal plane Transverse plane Sagittal plane McGraw-Hill Education/Joe DeGrandis
Fig. A.2 (a) Sagittal section (b) Frontal section (c) Transverse section
Table A.1
Fig. A.3 Cephalic r. (head) Facial r. (face) Upper limb: Acromial r. (shoulder) Axillary r. (armpit) Brachial r. (arm) Cubital r. (elbow) Antebrachial r. (forearm) Carpal r. (wrist) Palmar r. (palm) Lower limb: Coxal r. (hip) Patellar r. (knee) Cervical r. (neck) Thoracic r. (chest): Sternal r. Pectoral r. Umbilical r. Abdominal r. Inguinal r. (groin) Pubic r.: Mons pubis External genitalia: Penis Scrotum Testes Lower limb: Femoral r. (thigh) (a) Anterior (ventral) Crural r. (leg) Tarsal r. (ankle) Pedal r. (foot): Dorsum Plantar surface (sole) (b) Anterior (ventral) Cranial r. Nuchal r. (back of neck) Interscapular r. Scapular r. Vertebral r. Lumbar r. Sacral r. Gluteal r. (buttock) Dorsum of hand Perineal r. Femoral r. Popliteal r. Crural r. Tarsal r. Calcaneal r. (heel) (c) Posterior (dorsal) (all): McGraw-Hill Education/Joe DeGrandis (d) Posterior (dorsal)
Fig. A.4 Quadrants Right upper quadrant Left upper quadrant Stomach 10th rib Right lower quadrant Left lower quadrant Anterior superior spine (a) (b) Regions Hypochondriac region Subcostal line Lumbar region Intertubercular line Inguinal region Midclavicular line Epigastric region Umbilical region Hypogastric region Liver Gallbladder 10th rib Large intestine Small intestine Urinary bladder Urethra (c) (d)
Fig. A.5 Cranial cavity Thoracic cavity Diaphragm Abdominal cavity Vertebral canal Diaphragm Thoracic cavity: Pleural cavity Mediastinum Pericardial cavity Abdominopelvic cavity: Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity Pelvic cavity (a) Left lateral view (b) Anterior view
Table A.2
Fig. A.6 Parietal pericardium Pericardial cavity Visceral pericardium Parietal pleura Pleural cavity Visceral pleura Lung Heart Diaphragm Diaphragm (a) Pericardium (b) Pleurae
Fig. A.7 Posterior 2nd lumbar vertebra Back muscles Kidney Liver Renal vein and artery Inferior vena cava Aorta Intestine Anterior Spinal cord Fat Dorsal mesentery Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum (serosa) Peritoneal cavity Omentum or other ventral mesentery
Fig. A.8 Diaphragm Liver Serosae Stomach Greater omentum Large intestine Lesser omentum Pancreas Duodenum Dorsal mesentery Small intestine Parietal peritoneum Peritoneal cavity Urinary bladder Visceral peritoneum Rectum (a) b: MedicImage/Getty Image (b)
Fig. A.9a Skin, hair, nails, cutaneous glands Protection, water retention, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis, cutaneous sensation, nonverbal communication Bones, cartilages, ligaments Support, movement, protective enclosure of viscera, blood formation, mineral storage, electrolyte and acid base balance Skeletal muscles Movement, stability, communication, control of body openings, heat production Integumentary system Skeletal system Muscular system Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsils Recovery of excess tissue fluid, detection of pathogens, production of immune cells, defense against disease Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs Absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide, acid base balance, speech Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra Elimination of wastes; regulation of blood volume and pressure; stimulation of red blood cell formation; control of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance; detoxification Lymphatic system Respiratory system Urinary system
Fig. A.9b Brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia Rapid internal communication, coordination, motor control and sensation Pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, ovaries Hormone production; internal chemical communication and coordination Heart, blood vessels Distribution of nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electrolytes, heat, immune cells, and antibodies; fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance Nervous system Endocrine system Circulatory system Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas Nutrient breakdown and absorption. Liver functions include metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals; synthesis of plasma proteins; disposal of drugs, toxins, and hormones; and cleansing of blood. Testes, epididymides, spermatic ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis Production and delivery of sperm; secretion of sex hormones Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus,vagina, mammary glands Production of eggs; site of fertilization and fetal development; fetal nourishment; birth; lactation; secretion of sex hormones Digestive system Male reproductive system Female reproductive system