[Attachment] Survey guidelines for major fruit flies

[Attachment] Survey guidelines for major fruit flies

A. Terms 1) Detection and outbreak Detection Outbreak pre-outbreak phase considered as pest free but emergency measure is implemented Target fruit fly has not been established but an isolated group capable of survival for forseeable future is detected notification to international organizations and trade partners etc. domestic and international pest reporting official control measures are implemented Significant number of target fruit fly has been established 2) Criteria of fruit fly outbreak Fruit Fly species Criteria Bactrocera dorsalis complex Ceratitis capitata more than 1 larva, pupa or mated female or more than 5 adults of one generation within 1.6km 1.6km are found in the traps(male, unmated female) more than 1 larva, pupa or mated female or more than 2 adults of one generation within 4.8km radius are found in the traps B. cucurbitae, B. tryoni if 2 flies/km/2weeks detected: monitoring conducted twice a week + additional traps + larva survey if additional 3 flies detected/2weeks outbreak more than 5 flies/km/2weeks or mated female or larva detected * When other type of fruit fly is detected, similar fruit fly criteria is applied B. Survey and Control Measures 1) Method: Trap survey and field survey a) Period: May-October (trap inspection conducted every two weeks) (April - November in Jeju area (trap inspection conducted every two weeks)) b) Subjects : Host fruits c) Areas: Nationwide d) Method (1) Survey method

APQA: Conducts regular survey in airports, harbors and exporting area where the traps are installed in conjunction with survey on decomposed fruits. (2) Trap survey (a) Attractant for fruit fly Target fruit fly Attractant Ceratitis capitata Bactrocera dorsalis B. cucurbitae, Bactrocera tryoni Other fruit flies and females Capilure Dorsalure Cuelure Proteinlure (b) Record keeping of trap installation : The designated number of traps are recorded and the location is marked on a map. 2) Post-detection measures A) Emergency measures to prevent the spread (1) Spraying pesticides (a) Attractant and pesticide placement Thirty lures with the attractant mixed with 1% of pesticide such as Fenitrothion and absorbed it in porous fiber board or cotton strings are installed within 256ha (1.6km 1.6km) in vicinity of detection location. * Types of attractant may be modified according to situation and more traps and Protein hydrate may be used. (b) Soil treatment Pesticide such as Diazinon (granule) is drenched (sprayed) under all host fruit trees located within 200m of detection location of adult fruit flies at intervals of 15 days in order to destroy pupa in soil. * Methods and rates of application may be adjusted depending on the types of pesticide. (c) Spraying pesticides Pesticide is sprayed within 200m of detection area in accordance with Agrochemicals Use Guide Book published by Korea Crop Production Association (KCPA).

B) Delimiting survey (1) Trap deployment : The traps are not installed in areas such as rice paddy, forests and non-host farmlands etc., and traps are not installed even when additional flies are detected within the already installed square grids area. (a) Ceratitis capitata Square grids are established at intervals of 1.6km around initial detection location, place 100-50-25-20-10 traps per 256ha(1.6km x 1.6km) from the core to edge. Additional 25 Macphail traps are added at the core area, Survey trap deployment (b) Bactrocera dorsalis complex Core area, 1st buffer 2nd buffer 3rd buffer 4th buffer area area area area * 25 Mcphail traps are installed at the core area Square grids are established at intervals of 1.6km around initial detection location and 25-5-5-5-5 traps per 256ha from core to edge are deployed. Additional 25 Mcphail traps are installed at the core. (c) Bactrocera cucurbitae. Bactrocera tryoni Square grids at intervals of 1.6km around initial detection location are established and 50-25-15-10-5 traps per 256ha from core to edge are deployed. Additional 25 Mcphail traps are installed at the core.

(d) Other types of fruit flies Square grids at intervals of 1.6km around initial detection location are established, 80-40-20-10-5 traps per 256ha from core to edge are deployed. (2) Survey methods (a) Period and frequency of trap survey 1 Period: Until the third generation since last detection (two generations in case of single detection) 2 Frequency: Daily survey for a week of first generation period is conducted. Then two surveys a week are conducted. For second and third generation, one survey is conducted for every two weeks. (b) In conjunction with trap inspection, fruits are sampled to check for larva infection. In particular, a roster of orchards located within 200m of detection location is developed and host plants grown in fields and gardens are surveyed (fruits located within 2.4km of detection location at intervals of 7~10days). (c) Female fruit flies caught in traps are inspected to find out whether it has been mated, (d) Along with trapping and fruit sampling, interview of relevant people is conducted to figure out pathway of introduction. C. Eradication 1) Criteria for conducting eradication a) Onset of eradication Eradication measure is implemented once fruit fly outbreaks. However for fruit fly detection status, only monitoring activities (trapping and fruit sampling) for two generation period is enhanced. b) Fruit collection and stripping All fruits within 200m of outbroken location are collected and incinerated or buried in more than 50cm depth. * When burying, quicklime (0.4%) is added. c) Placement and spraying of attractant and pesticide

(1) For Bactrocera dorsalis, B. cucurbitae, Bactrocera tryoni: One % of pesticide such as Fenitrothion and so on are added to Methyl eugenol(dorsalure) or Ceulure and absorbed in porous fiber plates or cotton strings. Thirty plates or strings with pesticide and attractant are placed within 256ha(1.6km 1.6km) of detected location. This is conducted for three generations from last detection. (2) For Ceratitis capitata and other fruit flies: One % of pesticide such as Fenitrothion and so on are added to Capilure or relevant lure and sprayed twice a week for the first 6 weeks in areas located at least 2.4km from initial detection location. It may be sprayed once a week if no longer detected. - Spraying may be stopped when flies are no longer detected for two generation period from the last detection. (3) If outbreak is severe, protein hydrate is added to attractant for spraying. * Only protein hydrate may be added instead of pheromone lure depending on situation d) Soil treatment For host plants located 200m within detected location, pesticide is drenched(sprayed) under host fruit trees at intervals of 14~16 days. * Cycle and frequency may be adjusted according to type of pesticide D. Regulatory Measures on Movement and Cropping etc. 1) Procedures for emergency measures Regulatory measures follows below in order until fruit flies are eradicated. a) Relevant growers, agents, and processors located within 7.2km radius of the detection location are notified with emergency measures. b) Appropriated quarantine measures (plans) are established after reviewing ecosystem, climate conditions and spread status of fruit flies. 2) Items need to be included in regulatory measures The extent of regulatory activity required is dependent on the degree of infestation. (For minor and limited outbreak, sales of fruits in small amount may not be regulated.) a) Monitoring of phytosanitary treatment status in fruits in commercial area and

issuance of certificates b) Regular supervising to agricultural products processing facility c) Monitoring of regulated plant wastes d) Check of passenger baggages at airports and the judicious use of road patrols and roadblocks may be necessary where heavy infestation occurs. e) Monitoring of movements in highways and local roads etc. which are adjacent quarantine boundaries. In case of Ceratitis capitata, if outbreak area is confined to one and is not serious, spraying, trap deployment and quarantine measures may be conducted within 1km. E. Confirming Effectiveness of Eradication and Declaration 1) Trap inspection a) Trap inspection is conducted for three generations from the last detection 2) Fruit sampling a) Fruits from the core and 1st buffer area(2.4km from detection location) are sampled at intervals of 7~10 days. In particular, roster of host plants at the center should be developed and fruit cutting inspection is conducted. b) For areas equipped with facilities, collected fruits are examined after being incubated for 1 week ~ one generation period under 26 /70% of relative humidity which is an ideal condition for fruit flies to grow. Facilities where fruits are kept should check for safety in order to prevent adult fruit flies from escaping. 3) Others Survey is conducted for three generation period by setting up 5 traps at intervals of 1.6km in areas besides intensive survey area. 4) Declaration of eradication If fruit flies are not detected after the measures for three generations from the last detection, it is considered to be eradicated.