Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D. 30. September 2014 Tuesday
topographical anatomy organization of the human body as major parts or segments Head Neck Trunk thorax, abdomen, back, & pelvis/perineum Upper limbs & lower limbs Anterior aspect of the leg
Diaphragm divides body cavity into thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities. Mediastinum contains all structures of the thoracic cavity except the lungs.
Ventral Body Cavity Membranes Parietal serosa lines internal body walls. Visceral serosa covers the internal organs. Cavity between two membranes filled with lubricating serous fluid that is produced by the membranes.
Serous Membranes: Named for Their Specific Cavities& Organs Pericardium refers to heart. Pleura refers to lungs and thoracic cavity. Peritoneum refers to abdominopelvic cavity.
Other Body Cavities Oral and digestive mouth and cavities of the digestive organs Nasal located within and posterior to the nose Orbital house the eyes Middle ear contain bones (ossicles) that transmit sound vibrations Synovial joint cavities
Head & neck Upper limb Thorax Abdomen Back Pelvis & Perineum Lower limb
Neurocranium Skeleton of the face
transitional area between base of the cranium superiorly clavicles inferiorly joins the head to the trunk and limbs major conduit for structures passing between them. several important organs with unique functions located here
shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand Shoulder area of upper limb attachment to trunk Arm between shoulder & elbow joint Forearm between elbow joint & wrist joint Hand distal to the wrist joint
proximal segment of the limb overlaps parts of the trunk (thorax and back) and lower lateral neck Bone framework of the shoulder clavicle and scapula, form the pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle); proximal end of the humerus
overlies half of the pectoral girdle. pectoral (shoulder) girdle a bony ring formed by scapulae and clavicles completed anteriorly by the upper part of the sternum
Formed by Clavicle Scapula Upper thoracic wall Humerus Related muscles area of transition between the neck and the arm
Arm first segment of the free upper limb between shoulder & elbow Humerus Forearm second longest segment of the limb between elbow & wrist (L. carpus) Radius & Ulna
Wrist Palm Dorsum of hand Digits (fingers) Hand L. manus part of the upper limb distal to the forearm
. between the neck and abdomen
forms the osteocartilaginous thoracic cage protects the thoracic viscera and some abdominal organs. 12 pairs of ribs & associated costal cartilages 12 thoracic vertebrae & intervertebral discs Sternum
organs of the alimentary system and part of the urogenital system between thorax & pelvis (pelvic inlet) Containment of the abdominal organs and their contents provided by musculoaponeurotic walls anterolaterally, diaphragm superiorly, muscles of the pelvis inferiorly
posterior aspect of the body provides the musculoskeletal axis of support for the trunk. Bony elements mainly vertebrae + proximal elements of the ribs + superior aspects of the pelvic bones + posterior basal regions of the skull
spinal cord and proximal parts of the spinal nerves send and receive information to and from most of the body.
from the pelvic inlet to the pelvic diaphragm part of the trunk inferoposterior to abdomen area of transition between trunk & lower limbs pelvic cavity inferiormost part of the abdominopelvic cavity between the sex organs and the anus
Pelvis surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis) formed by three bones Right and left hip bones (coxal bones; pelvic bones) fusion of three bones, the ilium, ischium, and pubis Sacrum connects the vertebral column to the two femora
Gluteal region between the iliac crest and the fold of skin (gluteal fold) Thigh Knee Leg Ankle Foot
transitional region between the trunk and free lower limbs
most of the femur (thigh bone) between gluteal, abdominal, and perineal regions proximally knee region distally
distal femur and proximal tibia head of the fibula patella (knee cap joints between these bony structures posterior region of the knee (L. poples) popliteal fossa
Leg region between knee joint & ankle joint most of the tibia (shin bone) fibula (calf bone) Ankle region (L. tarsus) talocrural region (L. regio talocruralis) Foot (L. pes) or foot region (L. regio pedis) distal part of the lower limb