BIO 137 AXIAL SKELETON BONE STUDY THE HUMAN SKELETON
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1 BIO 137 THE AXIAL SKELETON MARY CATHERINE FLATH, Ph.D. THE HUMAN SKELETON AXIAL SKULL HYOID THORACIC CAGE VERTEBRAL COLUMN APPENDICULAR PECTORAL GIRDLE UPPER LIMBS PELVIC GIRDLE LOWER LIMBS AXIAL SKELETON SKULL (all flat bones) Cranium = 8 bones Facial Skeleton with Mandible (flat) = 14 bones HYOID BONE (flat) THORACIC CAGE: 12 pairs of (flat) ribs Sternum (flat) and Costal cartilage (hyaline cartilage) VERTEBRAE: (all irregular bones) 7-cervical 12 thoracic; 5- lumbar) (intervertebral discs - fibrocartilage) Sacrum Coccyx APPENDICULAR SKELETON PECTORAL GIRDLE Scapula (flat) - 2 Clavicle (flat) -2 UPPER APPENDAGES Humerus (long) 2 Radius (long) 2 Ulna (long)-2 Wrist (2 x 8 short carpals) Hand (2 x 5 long metacarpals) Fingers (2 x 14 long phalanges) PELVIC GIRDLE Coxal bones (flat) 2 (pubic symphysis - fibrocartilage) LOWER APPENDAGES Femur (long) -2 Tibia (long) 2 Fibula (long) 2 Patella (sesamoid) 2 Ankle (2 x 7 short tarsals calcaneus & talus) Foot (2 x 5 long metatarsals) Toes (2 x 14 long phalanges) BONE STUDY SCIENTIFIC NAME AXIAL OR APPENDICULAR CLASSIFICATION BY SHAPE # IN SKELETON SPECIAL FEATURES / ARTICULATIONS SPECIAL FUNCTION 1
2 BONE MARKINGS THE AXIAL SKELETON SKULL CRANIUM FACIAL SKELETON HYOID VERTEBRAL COLUMN THORACIC CAGE THE CRANIUM 2
3 THE FRONTAL BONE 3
4 Frontal Bone THE PARIETAL BONES The Sagittal Suture joining parietal bones THE OCCIPITAL BONE 4
5 Occipital Condyles articulate with tranverse processes of atlas (1 st cervical vertebra) THE TEMPORAL BONES Temporal Bone(s) 5
6 THE SPHENOID BONE Sphenoid Bone The Sella Turcica: Sphenoid *** 6
7 The Sphenoid is called the Keystone Bone The Sphenoid is called the Keystone Bone THE ETHMOID BONE 7
8 Ethmoid Bone: Perpendicular plate (of superior nasal septum) and Nasal Conchae Ethmoid Bone: Perpendicular plate (of superior nasal septum) and Nasal Conchae Ethmoid Bone: Perpendicular plate (of superior nasal septum) and Nasal Conchae The Crista Galli: Ethmoid * 8
9 THE FACIAL SKELETON THE MAXILLARY BONES UPPER JAW BONES 9
10 PALATINE BONES Maxillary Bones: Upper jaw The maxillary bones and palatine bones compose the hard palate. The palate separates the nasal cavity from oral cavity. The hard palate THE ZYGOMATIC BONES THE CHEEK BONES 10
11 The Zygomatic Arch THE LACRIMAL BONES THE ORBIT FRONTAL BONE MAXILLARY BONE ZYGOMATIC BONE SPHENOID BONE ETHMOID BONE LACRIMAL BONE PALATINE BONE 11
12 The Orbit composed of 7 bones OTHER FACIAL SKELETAL BONES NASAL BONES INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE VOMER MANDIBLE ONLY MOVEABLE BONE IN SKULL Nasal Bones; Inferior Nasal Conchae Vomer Mandible 12
13 Mandible: Lower Jaw THE INFANTILE SKULL POSSESSES FONTANELS OF FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE Anterior Fontanel 13
14 THE AXIAL SKELETON SKULL HYOID VERTEBRAL COLUMN THORACIC CAGE Hyoid Bone hyoid THE AXIAL SKELETON SKULL HYOID VERTEBRAL COLUMN THORACIC CAGE Vertebral Column 4 Curvatures Cervical 7 Thoracic 12 Lumbar 5 Pelvic Sacrum 1 (5 fused) Coccyx 1 (4 fused) 26 bones in adult; 33 in infant 14
15 Intervertebral Discs FIBROCARTILAGE ~HIGH~ CHONDROCYTES IN LACUNAE Compose joints between superior three curvatures Composed of fibrocartilage Function to cushion and allow for slight movement COLLAGEN FIBERS The Vertebral Column: Spine Vertebral Column 4 Curvatures Cervical 7 Thoracic 12 Lumbar 5 Pelvic Sacrum 1 (5 fused) Coccyx 1 (4 fused) 26 bones in adult; 33 in infant 15
16 Occipital Condyles articulate with tranverse processes of Atlas (1 st cervical vertebra) The 2 nd Cervical Vertebra, the Axis, pivots around dens of atlas Vertebral Column 4 Curvatures Cervical 7 Thoracic 12 Lumbar 5 Pelvic Sacrum 1 (5 fused) Coccyx 1 (4 fused) 26 bones in adult; 33 in infant 16
17 Thoracic Spine (12 bones) Vertebral Column 4 Curvatures Cervical 7 Thoracic 12 Lumbar 5 Pelvic Sacrum 1 (5 fused) Coccyx 1 (4 fused) 26 bones in adult; 33 in infant Lumbar Spine (5 bones) 17
18 Vertebral Column 4 Curvatures Cervical 7 Thoracic 12 Lumbar 5 Pelvic Sacrum 1 (5 fused) Coccyx 1 (4 fused) 26 bones in adult; 33 in infant Pelvic Curvature Sacrum Coccyx Sacrum (5 fused bones) Coccyx (4 fused bones) THE AXIAL SKELETON SKULL HYOID VERTEBRAL COLUMN THORACIC CAGE STERNUM RIBS 12 PAIRS 7 TRUE PAIRS 5 FALSE PAIRS 18
19 Thoracic Cage: Sternum and 12 pairs of ribs THE AXIAL SKELETON SKULL CRANIUM FACIAL SKELETON HYOID VERTEBRAL COLUMN FOUR CURVATURES THORACIC CAGE STERNUM RIBS AXIAL SKELETON PRACTICE QUIZ Classify these bones by shape. 19
20 The cervical vertebrae are irregular. How many bones are fused to form the sacrum. BONE STUDY 5 SCIENTIFIC NAME AXIAL OR APPENDICULAR CLASSIFICATION BY SHAPE # IN SKELETON SPECIAL FEATURES / ARTICULATIONS SPECIAL FUNCTION Are the orange bones axial or appendicular? The orange bones are axial. 20
21 Name the depression. Sella turcica *** Name the uppermost portion of this bone. manubrium? Name the superior portion of the nasal septum Perpendicular Plate of Ethmoid
22 Name the hole Foramen Magnum 4 4 Name the suture How many bones compose the orbit? 7 22
23 Name the structure. Name the structure. Sagittal Suture Name the bone. hyoid BONE STUDY SCIENTIFIC NAME AXIAL OR APPENDICULAR CLASSIFICATION BY SHAPE # IN SKELETON SPECIAL FEATURES / ARTICULATIONS SPECIAL FUNCTION BONE STUDY SCIENTIFIC NAME AXIAL OR APPENDICULAR CLASSIFICATION BY SHAPE # IN SKELETON SPECIAL FEATURES / ARTICULATIONS SPECIAL FUNCTION 23
24 BONE STUDY SCIENTIFIC NAME AXIAL OR APPENDICULAR CLASSIFICATION BY SHAPE # IN SKELETON SPECIAL FEATURES / ARTICULATIONS SPECIAL FUNCTION GOOD LUCK STUDYING 24
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