Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abdominal mesh background of, 84 85 Age as factor in PFDs, 8 Anal plugs in FI management in women, 107 Anterior compartment native tissue POP repairs of, 73 74 of pelvis, 19 21 ultrasound of, 144 145 Apical compartment of pelvis, 17 19 Arousal female sexual response related to, 36 Artificial bowel sphincter for neosphincter construction related FI in women, 99 100 Autologous myoblast injection in FI management in women, 109 B Behavioral modifications in OAB management, 61 62 Biofeedback in FI management in women, 97 Bladder overactive, 59 68 (See also Overactive bladder (OAB)) Bladder training in SUI management, 47 48 Botulinum toxin in OAB management, 63 64 Bulbs of clitoris, 35 Burch colposuspension vs. fascial pubovaginal sling in SUI management, 53 54 vs. MUS in SUI management, 51 53 Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am 43 (2016) 155 164 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8545(16)00009-7 0889-8545/16/$ see front matter ª 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. obgyn.theclinics.com
156 Index C Central compartment of pelvis ultrasound of, 145 Clitoris anatomy of, 32 36 body, 33 bulbs, 35 crura, 33 frenulum, 32 33 glans, 32 33 innervation-related, 35 prepuce, 32 33 root, 35 suspensory ligament, 34 vascular supply to, 36 Crura anatomy of, 33 D Desire female sexual response related to, 36 Dietary considerations in FI management in women, 94 95 Drug(s) in FI management in women, 95 96 in OAB management, 62 63 E Endoanal ultrasound of pelvic floor, 144, 147 149 Endoluminal ultrasound of pelvic floor, 143 Exercise(s) pelvic floor in FI management in women, 97 F Fascial pubovaginal sling vs. Burch colposuspension in SUI management, 53 54 vs. MUS in SUI management, 51 Fecal diversion in FI management in women, 107 Fecal incontinence (FI)
Index 157 defined, 93 prevalence of, 93 94 in women management of anal plugs in, 107 autologous myoblast injection in, 109 biofeedback in, 97 dietary considerations in, 94 95 discussion, 111 evidence-based update on, 93 119 fecal diversion in, 107 goal in, 94 introduction, 93 investigational options in, 109 111 magnetic anal sphincter in, 109 110 medications in, 95 96 neosphincter construction related, 99 100 neuromodulation-related, 100 104 newer methods in, 107 109 obstetric- and sphincter injuries related, 98 99 pelvic floor exercises in, 97 perianal injectables in, 104 106 PTNS in, 101 104 RFA therapy in, 106 slings in, 110 111 SNS in, 100 101 in special populations, 98 100 surgical, 97 100 vaginal bowel control system in, 107 109 Female sexual response anatomy related to, 27 44 (See also specific components, e.g., Clitoris) arousal in, 36 desire in, 36 orgasm related to, 36 37 resolution following, 37 FI. See Fecal incontinence (FI) Frenulum anatomy of, 32 33 G Genetics in PFDs, 4 5 Glans anatomy of, 32 33 Graciloplasty for neosphincter construction related FI in women, 99 G-Spot anatomy of, 36 38
158 Index I Incontinence fecal (See Fecal incontinence (FI)) Incontinence pessary vs. pelvic floor muscle therapy in SUI management, 49 50 Informed consent for reconstructive pelvic surgery, 131 139 controversy of vaginal mesh in, 136 137 current legal environment on, 137 decision in, 135 described, 132 135 determining capacity in, 133 disclosing information in, 133 134 freely consenting in, 133 introduction, 131 132 objectives of, 132 patient understanding in, 135 surgical approach related, 135 136 Innovation surgical history of, 122 L Labia majora anatomy of, 28 29 Labia minora anatomy of, 29 Laparoscopic mesh in POP repair, 83 92 introduction, 83 84 Lateral compartments of pelvis ultrasound of, 146 147 M Magnetic anal sphincter in FI management in women, 109 110 Medication(s) in FI management in women, 95 96 in OAB management, 62 63 Mesh abdominal background of, 84 85 transvaginal in POP repair, 86 90 (See also Transvaginal mesh, in POP repair) vaginal and laparoscopic in POP repair, 83 92
Index 159 Midurethral sling (MUS) full-length vs. single-incision minislings in SUI management, 54 retropubic vs. transobturator in SUI management, 50 51 vs. Burch colposuspension in SUI management, 51 53 vs. fascial pubovaginal sling in SUI management, 51 Mons anatomy of, 28 MUS. See Midurethral sling (MUS) N Native tissue pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repairs, 69 81 of anterior compartment, 73 74 discussion, 77 79 introduction, 69 70 of posterior compartment, 74 76 in uterine preservation, 76 77 of vaginal apex, 71 73 Neosphincter construction FI in women related to surgical management of, 99 100 Neuromodulation for FI in women procedures, 100 104 Neurostimulation sacral in FI management in women, 100 101 O OAB. See Overactive bladder (OAB) Obesity as factor in PFDs, 8 9 Obstetric injuries FI in women due to surgical management of, 98 99 Orgasm female sexual response and, 36 37 Overactive bladder (OAB), 59 68 causes of, 60 defined, 59 described, 59 60 diagnosis of, 60 61 introduction, 59 60 management of, 61 66 behavioral modifications in, 61 62
160 Index Overactive (continued ) botulinum toxin in, 63 64 medications in, 62 63 PFMT in, 61 62 physical therapy in, 61 62 PTNS in, 64 65 sacral neuromodulation in, 65 66 P Pelvic floor anatomy of, 141 142 introduction, 141 ultrasound of, 141 153 clinical utility of, 144 149 anterior compartment, 144 145 central compartment, 145 lateral compartments, 146 147 posterior compartment, 145 146 endoanal, 144, 147 149 endoluminal, 143 of implanted vaginal material, 147 introduction, 141 transperineal, 143 Pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) age as factor in, 8 as chronic disease, 2 4 defined, 1 2 epidemiology of, 1 13 genetics and, 4 5 inciting factors for, 5 8 intervening factors for, 8 9 mechanism of injury in, 7 8 obesity and, 8 9 predisposing factors for, 4 5 prevalence of, 2 increasing, 124 public health burden of, 2 race as factor in, 5 types of, 1 Pelvic Floor Disorders Registry development of, 121 130 universal building of, 126 128 Pelvic floor exercises in FI management in women, 97 Pelvic floor muscle retraining (PFMT) in OAB management, 61 62 Pelvic floor muscle therapy vs. incontinence pessary in SUI management, 49 50
Index 161 vs. no treatment in SUI management, 48 49 Pelvic organ prolapse (POP), 15 26 introduction, 15, 69 70 management of surgical, 124 125 (See also specific procedures, e.g., Sacral colpopexy (SCP)) incidence of, 69 minimally invasive SCP in, 85 86 prevalence of, 83 84 success criteria for, 70 71 transvaginal mesh in, 86 90 (See also Transvaginal mesh, in POP repair) vaginal and laparoscopic mesh in, 83 92 native tissue repairs for, 69 81 (See also Native tissue pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repairs) Pelvis anatomy of, 16 23 anterior compartment, 19 21 apical compartment, 17 19 fundamentals of, 16 17 posterior compartment, 21 23 Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) in FI management in women, 101 104 in OAB management, 64 65 Perianal injectables in FI management in women, 104 106 Periurethral bulking injections in SUI management, 54 55 PFDs. See Pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) PFMT. See Pelvic floor muscle retraining (PFMT) Physical therapy in OAB management, 61 62 Plug(s) anal in FI management in women, 107 POP. See Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) Posterior compartment native tissue POP repair of, 74 76 of pelvis, 21 23 ultrasound of, 145 146 Prepuce anatomy of, 32 33 PTNS. See Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) R Race as factor in PFDs, 5 Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy in FI management in women, 106 Reconstructive pelvic surgery
162 Index Reconstructive (continued) informed consent for, 131 139 (See also Informed consent, for reconstructive pelvic surgery) Registry(ies) in pooling data, 122 124 as tools for clinical excellence, 121 130 Resolution female sexual response and, 37 Retropubic vs. transobturator MUS in SUI management, 50 51 RFA therapy. See Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy Root of clitoris, 35 S Sacral colpopexy (SCP) laparoscopic in POP repair comparison of approaches, 85 86 evidence for, 85 vs. robotic SCP, 86 minimally invasive introduction, 85 Sacral neuromodulation in OAB management, 65 66 Sacral neurostimulation (SNS) in FI management in women, 100 101 SCP. See Sacral colpopexy (SCP) Single-incision minislings full-length MUS vs. in SUI management, 54 Sling(s) in FI management in women, 110 111 SNS. See Sacral neurostimulation (SNS) Sphincter injuries FI in women due to surgical management of, 98 99 Sphincteroplasty in FI management in women, 97 98 Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), 45 57 introduction, 45 46 management of nonsurgical, 46 50 bladder training in, 47 48 pelvic floor muscle therapy vs. incontinence pessary in, 49 50 pelvic floor muscle therapy vs. no treatment in, 48 49 weight loss in, 46 47 surgical, 50 55 Burch colposuspension vs. MUS in, 51 53 fascial pubovaginal sling vs. Burch colposuspension in, 53 54
Index 163 fascial pubovaginal sling vs. MUS in, 51 full-length MUS vs. single-incision minislings in, 54 periurethral bulking injections in, 54 55 retropubic vs. transobturator MUS in, 50 51 SUI. See Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) Surgical innovation history of, 122 Suspensory ligament of clitoris, 34 T Transobturator vs. retropubic MUS in SUI management, 50 51 Transperineal ultrasound of pelvic floor, 143 Transvaginal mesh collapse of, 125 126 in POP repair, 86 90 for anterior wall support, 88 89 for apical and multicompartmental prolapse, 89 90 background of, 87 88 for posterior prolapse, 89 U Ultrasonography of pelvic floor, 141 153 (See also Pelvic floor, ultrasound of) Urinary incontinence stress, 45 57 (See also Stress urinary incontinence (SUI)) Uterine preservation native tissue POP repair for, 76 77 V Vaginal apex native tissue POP repairs of, 71 73 Vaginal bowel control system in FI management in women, 107 109 Vaginal material implanted ultrasound of, 147 Vaginal mesh in POP repair, 83 92 in reconstructive pelvic surgery controversy related to, 136 137 Vestibule anatomy of, 29 30 Vulva anatomy of, 27 32 innervation-related, 30 32
164 Index Vulva (continued ) introduction, 27 28 labia majora, 28 29 labia minora, 29 mons, 28 vestibule, 29 30 introduction, 27 28 vascular supply to, 32 W Weight loss in SUI management, 46 47