Index. Cyclical pelvic pain, 37 Cystocele, 22, 23, 25, 48, 51, 52, 54, 56, 124, 148, 160

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1 A Abdominal approach, 141 Abdominal hernia s surgery, 123, 124 Abdominal sacrocolpopexy (ASC), 116, 117 Abnormal uterine bleeding, 96 Anterior compartment repair, 101, 102 Apical compartment repair, Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire, 157 B Baby boom generation, 107 Bacterial vaginosis (BV), 90, 91 Baden Walker halfway scoring system, 50 Baden-Walker scale, 153 Beecham s classification, 50 Biofeedback therapy, 73 Birmingham Bowel and Urinary Symptoms Questionnaire (BBUSQ-22), 158 Bladder injury, 119 Bladder pain, 36 Bladder wall thickness (BWT), 56 Bowel injury, 117, 119 C Cardinal-sacrouterine ligaments, 7 Cervical dysplasia, 96, 148 Chemical cancerogenesis, 91 Coital urinary incontinence, 35 Colorectal-Anal Distress Inventory (CRADI- 8) scores, 169 Colorectal-Anal Impact Questionnaire (CRAIQ), 169 Colpocleisis, 104 Colpoperineorrhaphy, 139 Colpopexy and Urinary Reduction Efforts (CARE) trial, 162 Cyclical pelvic pain, 37 Cystocele, 22, 23, 25, 48, 51, 52, 54, 56, 124, 148, 160 D da Vinci surgical robotic system, 117 Danish Prolapse Questionnaire, 157 De novo dyspareunia, 129 De novo occult stress urinary incontinence, 89 De novo stress urinary incontinence, 129 Defecatory dysfunction, 103, 141 Defective genital support, 123 Detrusor contractility, 35 Detrusor overactivity (DO), 34, 66 Detrusor underactivity, 35 Dyspareunia, 36, 170 E Electrical stimulation, 73 Electronic Personal Assessment Questionnaire-Pelvic Floor (epaq-pf), 158, 159, 168 Elytrorrhaphy, 139 Endovaginal devices, 107 Evidence-based rehabilitation mode, 73 Excised vaginal epithelium, 124 Extended Colpopexy And urinary Reduction Effort (e-care) trial, 168 F Fascial surgical repair for prolapse classification, 95 optimal surgical approach, 95 surgical procedures, 95 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 V. Li Marzi, M. Serati (eds.), Management of Pelvic Organ Prolapse, Urodynamics, Neurourology and Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions, 173

2 174 Female Sexual Function (FSFI) questionnaire, 158 FIGO assessment scoring system (FASS), 161 Forced expiration, 73 G Gastrointestinal morbidity, 117 Gellhorn pessaries, 85 Genital descensus, 81 Genital hiatus (GH), 85 Genital prolapse, 21, 27, 44, 47, 49, 53, 56, 57, 64, 71, 82, 86, 108, 139, 141, 145 Genito-urinary prolapse, see Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) H Halfway scoring system, 49 Haptic feedback, 115 Health-related quality of life (HRQL), 31 Hysterectomies in prolapse repairs, 95 Hysterectomy, 19, 22, 27, 51, 88, 95 97, 100, 119, 129, 132, 149, 168 endometrial hyperplasia and cancer, 148 female sexual function, 147 ovarian-sparing hysterectomies, 147 tent theory, 148 urinary anti-incontinence surgery, 147 uterine preservation, 147 uterosacral-cardinal ligament complex, 146 uterovaginal prolapse, 146 uterus preservation, 146 I ICIQ-Vaginal Symptoms questionnaire, 157 Iliococcygeus fixation (ICF), 99 Incisional hernias, 117 Insurance-based healthcare system, 87 Integral Theory, 13, 14, 16, 17 International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI), 154, 160, 162 L Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC) technique, 108, Large-scale clinical trials, 75 Levator ani muscle function, 87 Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), 61, 66 M Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 57 McCall culdoplasty, 96, 97 Menstrual pelvic pain, 37 Mesh and mesh-augmented repairs, 128 Mesh erosion, 117, 118, 130, 131, 133, 141, 147 Mesh implantation, 127, 128, 132 Midline fascia plication, 102 Minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy, 118 N Non-mesh repairs, 126 O Obesity, 25, 34, 107 Obstructed intercourse, 36 Operations and Pelvic Muscle Training in the Management of Apical Support Loss (OPTIMAL) trial, 98 Ovarian-sparing hysterectomies, 147 Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB), 31, 34, 65, 168 P Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I), 159 Patient-oriented measures, 74 Patient s symptomatology, 81 Pelvic floor, 7 bulbospongiosus, 6 deep transversus perineum, 6 endopelvic fascia, cardinal-sacrouterine ligaments, 7 female perineum, 4 iliococcygeus muscle, 4 ischiocavernosus, 6 perineal body, 7 perineal membrane, 7 pubocervical fascia, 8 pubococcygeus muscle, 4 puborectalis muscle, 4 rectovaginal fascia, 8 superficial muscles, 5 superficial transversus perineum, 6 urethrovaginal sphincter, 6 urogenital and anal triangles, 5 Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI), 85, 155, 156

3 Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Questionnaire (PFDQ), 156, 157 Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ) scales, 85, 155, 156 Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) exercises, 72 female urinary incontinence, 72 gravitational force and abdominal pressure, 73 pelvic floor muscle contraction, 72 strength and function, 71 pelvic organ descent, 72 perioperative, 71 PFM exercises, 73 PFM strength, 72 phasic contraction, 73 prolapse prevention and treatment, 73 prolapse worsening prevention, 71 rehabilitative treatment, 72 strength training, 72, 73 structural support of the pelvis, 72 tonic and phasic PFM activity, exercises, 73 voluntary pelvic floor contraction, 73 Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire, 157 bladder pain, 36 coital urinary incontinence, 35 connective/neurological tissue diseases and congenital abnormalities, 27 cyclical pelvic pain, 37 Danish Prolapse Questionnaire, 157 defining treatment success, 162 definitions of symptoms, detrusor underactivity, 35 diagnostic tools, 47 epaq-pf questionnaire, 158, 159 family history, 43 hysterectomy, 145 endometrial hyperplasia and cancer, 148 female sexual function, 147 ovarian-sparing hysterectomies, 147 tent theory, 148 urinary anti-incontinence surgery, 147 uterine preservation, 147 uterosacral-cardinal ligament complex, 146 uterovaginal prolapse, 146 uterus preservation, 146 ICIQ-Vaginal Symptoms questionnaire, incidence of, lower urinary tract infections, 38 MRI, 57 OAB treatment, 34 objective outcome measures FASS, 161 reoperation rate, 161 past medical history, 44, 45 pathophysiology, 23 patient-reported outcomes QoL, 154, 155 symptoms, 155 pelvic pain, 37 perineal pain, 37 perineal/translabial ultrasound anterior compartment, 54 bladder volume quantification, 56 BWT, 56 central compartment, 54 detrusor wall thickness, measurement of, 57 normal pelvic anatomy, 54 pelvic organ descent, 55 posterior compartment, 54 PVR urine, 56 rectocele, quantification of, 55 PFDI, 155, 156 PFDQ, 156, 157 PFIQ, 155, 156 PGI-I, 159 physical examination, 51 Beecham s classification, 50 bimanual examination, 48 classification, severity of, 49 distension and displacement, 48 halfway scoring system, 49 POP-Q, 50, 52 positive stress test, 52 Q-tip test, 53 Valsalva maneuver, 48 PISQ, 158 POPQ system, 19, 20, 153, 160 POP-SS, 160 P-QoL questionnaire, 156 prevalence of, 21, 22 pudendal neuralgia, 37 risk factor age, 25 childbirth, 23, 24 chronic constipation, 27 hysterectomy, 27 inheritance and genetic factors, 26 obesity, 25 obstetric factors, 24

4 176 Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) (cont.) pregnancy, 24 race and ethnicity, 26, 27 sexual dysfunction dyspareunia, 36 obstructed intercourse, 36 vaginal laxity, 36 splinting/digitation, 45 staging, 20 SUI, 34, 35, 167, 168 symptoms, 19, 153 bowel symptoms, 47, 168, 169 low back pain, 45 sensation dysfunctions, 46 sense of bulge, 45 sense of weight, 45 sexual symptoms, 47, 169, 170 urinary symptoms, 46 voiding dysfunctions, 46 urethral pain, 37 urodynamic tests, 35 vaginal pain, 37 vulval pain, 37 Pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) system, 19, 20, 22, 24, 50, 52, 71, 153, 160 Pelvic organ prolapse symptom score (POP-SS), 160 Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ), 158, 170 Pelvic pain, 17, 36 38, 156 Perineal pain, 37 Perineorrhaphy, 103, 169 PESSRI study, 85 Posterior colporrhaphy, 103, 139, 140 Posterior compartment defect repair, 130 Posterior compartment repair, 102, 103 Posterior repair abdominal approach, 141 colpoperineorrhaphy, 139 posterior colporrhaphy, 139 rectocele, 140 site-specific defect repair, 140 transvaginal mesh, 141 Postmenopausal bleeding, 96, 148 Postoperative dyspareunia, 103, 171 Postural kyphosis and rib cage closure, 73 Post-voiding residual (PVR) urine, 56 Prolapse assessment, 74 Prolapse quality of life (P-QoL) questionnaire, 156 Pubocervical fascia, 7, 8, 13, 16, 48, Pudendal neuralgia, 37 R Randomized controlled trial (RCT), 76, 83, 86 Rectocele, 54, 55, 140 Rectovaginal fascia, 102, 130 Rectovaginal fistula, 91 Rectovaginal septum, 13, 52, 54, 103 Rehabilitation exercises, 75, 76 Replacement hormone therapy, 89 Rib cage mobility-oriented breathing exercises, 73 Robot-assisted sacrocolpopexy (RASC) anterior mesh fixation, 113, 114 long learning curve, 118 mesh configuration, 109, 110 mesh fixation, 114 patient positioning, 108 POP correction, 114 ports placement, 109 posterior and anterior mesh configuration, 110 posterior dissection, 110, 111 posterior mesh fixation, 111, 112 postoperative course, 114 promontory exposure, 110, 111 recurrence and vaginal mesh exposure rates, 119 retroperitonealization, 114 sacral promontory, 113 suturing and mesh handling, 117 valve insertion, 112 vesico-vaginal dissection, 113 S Sacrocolpopexy aetiology, 107 ileus/small bowel obstruction, 116 incidence, 107 pelvic floor muscle exercises, 107 physical therapy, 107 surgical outcomes, 120 treatment, 108 vs. vaginal surgery, 116 Sacrospinous ligament, 98, 99 Sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSLF), Sacrospinous ligament suspension (SSLS), 96, 116 Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR), 127 Sexual function scores, 86, 129 Sheffield Prolapse Symptoms Questionnaire (SPSQ), 158 Silicon-made pessary, 83

5 Site-specific defect repair, 140 Site-specific technique, 103 Small intestine submucosa (SIS) graft, 133 Space-filling devices, 85 Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), 34, 35, 61, 64, 65, 83, 86, 88, 114, 123, 167, 168 Subjective symptomatology, 75, 76 Support pessaries, 83, 85 Surgical management, 76 Surgical mesh kits, 124, 125 T Tent theory, 148 Tissue-engineered repair material (TERM), 135 Transvaginal mesh, 128, 141, 170 Transvaginal mesh repair, 116 allergic reactions, 132 anatomical and functional outcomes, 129 anterior colporrhaphy, 133 biological grafts, 133 cadaveric fascia lata, 133 chronic cough, 132 clinical history, 132 complications, 130, 131, 134 conservative therapy, 132 disease s severity, 132 endoscopic view of erosion, 130 full-thickness vaginal dissection, 132 health-related quality of life, 129 humoral markers of lymphocyte activation, 132 hypersensitivity, 132 implantation, 132 inflammatory reaction, 131 in older patients, 132 patient s age, 132 polypropylene mesh, porcine dermis, 133 porcine dermis POP repair, 133 quality of life, 129 screening and testing patients, 134 surgical complications, 132 surgical management, 133 surgical practice patterns, 128 young age constipation, 132 Transvaginal synthetic prostheses, 124 Trial-and-error process, 85 U Ureteral injury, 117 Uretero-vaginal fistula, Urethral pain, 37 Urethral support algorithm of symptoms, 15 anterior compartment, 13, 14 median compartment, 13 middle compartment, 16, 17 posterior compartment, fecal continence and defecation, pubourethral ligament, 10 urethropelvic ligament, 10 urinary continence and micturition, mechanism of, 12, 13 vaginal support, level of, 11 Urinary anti-incontinence surgery, 147 Urinary incontinence, 31, 38, 71, 72, 88, 146, 149, 154 Urinary tract infection (UTI), 38 Urodynamic studies (UDS) International Consultation on Incontinence, 61 SUI, 64, 65 urgency incontinence/voiding dysfunctions, 65, 66 Urodynamic tests, 35 Urogynaecological synthetic prostheses, 125 Urogynecologic community, 103 Uterine preservation in women with uterovaginal prolapse, 95 Uterine-sparing procedures, 96, 134 Uterosacral ligament suspension (USLS), 116 Uterosacral ligaments, 19, 51, 96, 97, 100, 110, 115, 146 Uterosacral ligament vaginal vault suspension (USLs), 97, 100, 101 Uterovaginal prolapse, 95, 96, 145, 146 V Vaginal cancer, pessary use, 91 Vaginal hysterectomy, 96, 97, 116, 147, 149, 168 Vaginal laxity, 36 Vaginal mesh exposure rates, 119 Vaginal pain, 37 Vaginal pessaries abnormal vaginal bleeding, 82 active vulvovaginal infections, 82 age, 88 anatomical defect, 82 clinical improvement, 86 clinical studies, 87 complications, 90, 91 conservative therapy, 87, 88 contraindications, 82

6 178 Vaginal pessaries (cont.) description, 82 evidence-based assessment, 86, 91 genital prolapse, 82 insertion test, 83 intravaginal device, 82 maintenance of treatment, 90 management, 86, 90 medical status, 83 nonsurgical treatment, 81 objective and subjective treatment, 89 pap smears, 91 patient characteristics, patient education, 89, 90 pelvic organ herniation, 82 POP surgical outcome, 83 prolapse symptoms, 83 self-care, 90 severe vaginal atrophy, 82 therapeutic device, 81 total vaginal length, 88 treatment characteristics, 87 types, 84 ulceration rate, 91 urological complications, 91 vaginal erosions/ulcerations, 82 Vaginal pessary, 88, 107 Vaginal surgery with mesh, 131 Vaginal synthetic meshes, 124 Vaginal vault prolapse (VVP), 22, 99, 100, 108, 129 Vaginectomy with colpocleisis, 104 Vascular injuries, 119 Vesico-vaginal dissection, 112, 113 Vesicovaginal fistula, 91 Visceral (bladder, rectum) mesh exposure, 119 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), 159 Voiding dysfunctions (VD), 65, 66 Vulval pain, 37 W Women s Health Initiative Hormone Replacement Therapy Clinical Trial, 22 Women s sexual health, 131