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Stage 4 - Ovarian Cancer Symptoms
University of Baghdad College of Nursing Department of Basic Medical Sciences Overview of Anatomy and Physioloy II Second Year Students Asaad Ismail Ahmad, Ph.D. Electrolyte and Mineral Physiology asaad50.2011@gmail.com 2012-2013
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY - II Brief Contents 1- Cardiovascular System 2- Blood 3- Lymphatic System 4- Urinary System 5- Male Reproductive System 6- Female Reproductive System 7- Sensory Function Asaad Ismail Ahmad, Ph.D in Electrolyte and Mineral Physiology College of Nursing University of Baghdad / 2012 2013 asaad50.2011@gmail.com
Text book Martini FH. Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, 5th ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2001.
References: 1.Barrett KE, Barman SM, Boitano S, Brooks HL. Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 23rd ed. McGraw Hill, Boston, 2010. 2.Drake RL, Vogl W, Mitchell AWM. Gray's Anatomy for Students. Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2005. 3.Goldberger,E. 1975.A Primer of Water Electrolyte and Acid-Base Syndromes. 5th ed., Lea and Febiger,Philadelphia. 4. Martini, FH and Welch K. Applications Manual Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology,4th ed., Prentice Hall, NewJersey, 1998. 5.Maxwell, MH and Kleeman CR. 1980.Clinical Disorders of Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. 6.McKinley M, and O'Loughlin VD. Human Anatomy, McGraw Hill, Boston, 2006. 7.Nutrition Foundation.1984.Present Knowledge in Nutrition. 5th ed., Nutrition Foundation, Inc, Washington, D.C. 8.Vander A, Sherman J, Luciano D., Human Physiology, 7th ed., McGraw Hill, Boston, 1998.
THIRTEENTH LECTURE Physiology of Female Reproductive System 12345- Female Reproductive Hormones Ovarian Cycle Uterine Cycle (Menstrual Cycle) Sexual Response Pathways Pregnancy and Lactation Asaad Ismail Ahmad, Ph.D in Electrolyte and Mineral Physiology College of Nursing University of Baghdad / 2012 2013 asaad50.2011@gmail.com
Female Reproductive Hormones 123456- GnRH Gonadotropin-releasing hormone FSH - Follicle Stimulating Hormone LH - Luteinizing Hormone Estrogenic hormones Progesteron Inhibin
Hypothalamic Feedback
Functions of Reproductive Hormones 1- GnRH Gonadotropin-releasing hormone: Stimulate pituitary gland to release FSH and LH 2- FSH - Follicle Stimulating Hormone a- stimulates growth and maturity of graafian follicles in the ovary 3- LH - Luteinizing Hormone a- with FSH stimulate cause ovulation of mature follicles b- secretion of estrogen by thecal and granulosa cell of the ovary c- corpus luteum formation
Continue: Functions of reproductive Hormones 4- Estrogenic hormones: secreted by ovarian follicles, it is the main hormone in follicular phase 5- Progesteron: secreted by corpus luteum, it is the main hormone in luteal phase 6- Inhibin: secreted by granulosa cells of ovaries during follicular phase Function: Negative feedback (inhibition) to pituitary gland to inhibit FSH secretion
TYPES OF BLOOD CIRCULATING ESTROGEN 1- Estradiol 2- Estrone 3- Estriol a- Estradiol is the most abundant estrogen b- Estradiol is the dominant hormone prior to ovulation
TOTAL RATES OF SECRETION OF GONADOTROPIC HORMONES THROUGHOUT THE SEXUAL LIVES OF FEMALE AND MALE HUMAN BEING
ESTROGEN SECRETION THROUGHOUT THE SEXUAL LIFE OF FEMALE HUMAN BEING
BIOSYNTHESIS OF STEROID HORMONES
FUNCTIONS OF ESTROGEN p.1050 1- Stimulate of bone and muscles growth 2- Maintaining female secondary sex characteristics. 3- Affecting CNS (e.g. increase sexual drive ) 4- Maintaining functions of accessory and organ of reproductive system 5- Initiate repair and growth of endometrium
OVARIAN CYCLE
OVARIAN CYCLE Ovarian Cycle divided into two phases 1- Follicular Phase 2- Luteal Phase
STEPS OF OVARIAN CYCLE I- FOLLICULAR PHASE 1- Primordial follicles 2- Formation of primary follicles 3- Formation of secondary follicles 4- Formation of a tertiary follicle II567- LUTEAL PHASE Ovulation Formation corpus luteum Degeneration of corpus luteum, unless fertilization occurs 8- Corpus albicans
OVARIAN CYCLE p.1038
Continue: OVARIAN CYCLE p.1039
MECHANISM OF OVULATION
TYPES OF CELLS AND HORMONES IN OVARIAN FOLLICLE 1- Follicle cell 2- Zona pellucida 3- Thecal cells produce Androgen Estrogen s 4- Granulosa cells produce Inhibin and enzyme called Aromatase 5- Cells of corpus luteum produce Progesteron and estrogen
STAGES OF FOLLICULAR GROWTH IN OVARY AND FORMATION OF CORPUS LUTEUM
UTERINE CYCLE (Menstrual Cycle)
UTERINE CYCLE (Menstrual Cycle) Average of uterine cycle is 28 days Range of uterine cycle are 21 35 days Uterine cycle divided into three phases 1- Menses 2- Proliferative phase 3- Secretory phase
APPEARANCE OF ENDOMETRIUM DURING UTERINE CYCLE p.1044
PHASES OF ENDOMETRIAL GROWTH AND MENSTRUATION DURING EACH MONTHLY FEMALE SEXUAL CYCLE
PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF GONADOTROPINS AND OVARIAN HORMONES DURING NORMAL FEMALE SEXUAL CYCLE
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Component of Menstrual Cycle 1234567- Ovulation Menstrual Cycle Concentration of LH and FSH Concentration of Estrogens and Progesteron Basal Body Temperature Ovarian Follicle Development Endometrium
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Sexual Response Pathways
SEXUAL RESPONSE PATHWAYS
Pregnancy and Lactation
BIRTH CONTROL P.1054 1- Sterilization a- Vasectomy (male) b- Tubal ligation (female) 2- Oral contraception 3- Condom 4- Vaginal barrier (diaphragm and cervical cap) 5- Intrauterine device 6- Rhythmic method
SECRETION OF ESTROGENS, PROGESTERONE AND CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF PREGNANCY
SECRETION OF ESTROGEN, PROGESTERONE AND PROLACTIN BEFORE AND AFTER PARTURITION
EFFECT OF PREGNANCY TO INCREASE THE MOTHER`S BLOOD VOLUME
NUTRITION OF THE FETUS
OVULATION, FERTILIZATION OF OVUM IN FALLOPIAN TUBE, AND IMPLANTATION OF THE BLASTOCYST IN UTERUS. SHOWING TROPHOBLASTIC DIGESTION AND INVASION OF ENDOMETRIUM
ORGANIZATION OF MATURE PLACENTA
THEORY FOR THE ONSET OF INTENSELY STRONG CONTRACTIONS DURING LABOR
Physiology of Lactation (Milk Let-Down Reflex) 12345- Stimulation of nipples Impulses to spinal cord Stimulation of hypothalamus Oxytocin released Milk ejected
MILK LET-DOWN REFLEX
COMPOSITION OF THE MILK
INFERTILITY
MAJOR CAUSE OF INFERTILITY Hormonal imbalance Un coordination of the hormonal secretion related with ovarian cycle and uterine cycle
CLINICAL DISORDERS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTION SYSTEM
CLINICAL DISORDERS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTION SYSTEM 1- Ovrian cancer 2- Pelvic inflammatory disease 3- Myofibrosis 4- Leiomyoma uteri 5- Endometritis 6- Endometriosis 7- Breast cancer 8- Fibrocystic disease of breast 9- Premenstrual syndrome 10- Sexual transmitted diseases e.g. AIDS, syphlis 11- Follicular cyst in ovary 12- Polycystic ovaries 13- Abortion 14- Other
Hormonal Disturbances
SIMPLE FOLLICULAR CYST IN OVARY
BILATERAL POLYCYSTIC OVARIES
FIBROCYSTIC DISEASE OF BREAST
CARCINOMA OF LEFT BREAST
PAGETS DISEASE OF NIPPLE
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