The Effects of Metolizle Energy Inclusion Rtes on Feed Efficiency in Broilers Presented y: Molly Cutter, Kevin Ksch, Eric Frzier, Sr Ludington, Michelle Sirum, Linne Olson Astrct: An experiment ws conducted to determine the effect of feeding reduced metolizle energy (ME) diets to roiler chicks on feed efficiency nd verge dily gin. Thirty, dy old roiler chicks were used to test whether feeding reduced ME diet would slow the rte of growth for chicks over spn of two weeks. A control diet of 32 kcl/kg ME, % reduced energy diet of 34 kcl/kg ME, nd 1% reduced energy diet of 288 kcl/kg ME were used. Metolizle energy ws reduced y ltering the inclusion rte of soyen oil. There were two replictions of ech tretment with five chicks per pen. During week two nd on n overll sis, ll three diets produced similr rtes of gin. There ws significnt difference (P.1) in the verge dily gin in chicks consuming feed during week one etween the control diet nd the 1% reduced inclusion level. Growth rtes were reduced in the 1% reduced metolizle energy diet, lthough numericlly, this diet did not result in significnt reduction. Introduction: Sleh, et.l. (24) reported tht decresing the mount of energy in the diet decreses growth rte nd feed efficiency. Diets with decresed energy concentrtion fed to chicks resulted in decresed weight gin compred to chicks fed higher metolizle energy diet (Leterrier et. l., 1998). In ddition it hs een suggested tht lnce etween the mount of metolizle energy needed to sustin production nd energy to drive homeosttic processes is needed to minimize crcss ft nd increse efficiency of production (Sleh, et. Al. 24). Therefore our hypothesis ws tht limiting the mount of metolizle energy ville in the diet would limit the growth rte. To test our hypothesis, 3 mle roiler chickens were used in two week experiment designed to limit growth rte y not restricting the mount of feed, ut decresing the energy. Mterils nd Methods: 3 mle roilers were otined on the dy of htch nd fed n djustment diet for 1 dy Chicks were rndomly ssigned to petersime ttery cges with nipple wterers nd trough feeders ( chicks/pen) Two groups of chicks were ssigned to ech diet Birds checked dily nd fed/wtered s needed Body weights of the chicks in ech pen s well s the weights of ll six feeds were recorded Diets were corn nd soyen mel sed, formulted to meet or exceed ll nutrient requirements (NRC, 1994) Diets 1, 2, nd 3 contined 1, 9, nd 9% of NRC (1994) recommended ME, respectively Dt nlyzed using T-tests procedure of excel with P-vlue <.1 s eing significnt Tle 1. Composition of dietry tretments Ingredient, % 1 2 3 Ground Corn 9.38 63.81.79 Soyen Mel 3.8 3.1 4.2 Soyen Oil.37 1.78. DiClcium Phosphte 2.4 2.3 1.96 Limestone 1.37 1.38 1.3 Slt.48.48.48 Methionine...14 Poultry Vitmin Premix... Clculted Composition: ME, Kcl/kg 14 1382 131 CP, % 2.18 2.14 24.22 Lys, % 1.12 1.1 1.39 C, % 1. 1. 1. P, %.4.4.4 Results: Averge Dily Gin (g) ADFI (g) Figure 1. The effects of decresed ME on verge dily gin Diet mens tht contin different superscripts re different (P<.1). 6 4 3 2 1 4 3 3 2 1 1 Week 1 Week 2 Overll Week 1 Week 2 Overll Figure 2. The effects of decresed ME on ADFI There ws no effect of decresed ME on ADFI (P>.1) 1% of ME 9% of ME 9% of ME 1% of ME 9% of ME 9% of ME G:F.9.8.7.6..4.3.2.1 Discussion: There ws no effect on decresing ME y %. The 1% decrese in ME showed significnt difference in only week 1. These results could hve potentilly een crried into further weeks. The results of study y Noy nd Skln (22) supported the results of this experiment. By vrying nutrient mounts in diets, there is distinct effect in chicks during the first week of growth. The chnge in metolizle energy hd significnt effect during the first 7 dys, ut y 18 dys, there were no significnt differences. Decreses in growth rte were not seen in week 2 ecuse there ws no difference in feed intke. Chicks lredy et to cpcity nd cnnot increse feed intke s they would to mke up for decresed ME. The verge dily feed intke ws not ffected y the lower energy requirement, implicting tht the energy requirement my not hve een low enough to ffect feed intke. Although the results showed tht there ws slight significnt difference in verge dily gin in chicks consuming feed during week one etween the control diet nd the 1% reduced inclusion level, there ws no significnt difference in other relevnt comprisons. If this experiment would hve continued for longer period of time the results would e more likely to show significnt decrese in verge dily gin in oth of the diets contining decresed ME content. Sources: 1 Week 1 Week 2 Overll Figure 3. The effects of decresed ME on Gin : Feed There ws no effect of decresed ME on G:F (P>.1) 1% of ME 9% of ME 9% of ME E.A. Sleh, S.E. Wtkins, A.L. Wldroup nd P.W. Wldroup, Effects of Dietry Nutrient Density on Performnce nd Crcss Qulity of Mle Broilers Grown for Further Processing, 1, Jnury 24. April 27 Leterrier, C., N. Rose, P. Constntin, nd Y. Nys. "Reducing growth rte in roiler chickens with low energy diet does not improve corticl one qulity." British Poultry Science. 39(1998): 24-3. Noy,Y. Skln, D. "The effects of tosting cnol mel on ody weight, feed conversion efficiency, nd mortlity in roiler chickens.." Poultry Science. 81(22): 81-8.
The Adequcy of the NRC Lysine Requirement for -3 wk Broilers Cr DeLuny, Rick Hwkins, Adm King, Morgn Murer, Nikohl Ostermeier, Ashley Steele Astrct: The ojective for this project ws to test the dequcy of the NRC (1994) lysine levels, for chicks -3 weeks of ge. Thirty mle roilers were otined on the htch dy nd used in 14 dy experiment. Ech pen contined roilers, nd ech diet ws fed to 2 pens. Diets 1, 2, nd 3 contined 1.1, 1.21, nd 1.4% lysine, respectively. Diet 1 served s control, following the NRC (1994) recommendtion for -3 wk roilers of 1.1% lysine. Pen ody weights nd feed intke were recorded weekly. The diet dequte in lysine surprisingly hd higher verge dily feed intke thn either the high or low lysine diets. Since there is no significnt difference in the growth of the roilers, the low lysine diet is the chepest, therefore it would e the recommended diet sed solely on this dt. Introduction: The most recent NRC (1994) estlished the Lysine requirement t 1.1% for roiler chicks -3 weeks of ge. Vzquez nd Pesti (1997) reported tht the NRC (1994) level ws dequte for roiler chicks -3 weeks of ge. They were fed diets contining 1.4%, 1.1%, nd 1.21% Lysine, nd reported tht mximl growth rtes were chieved when 1.1% Lysine ws fed. There ws no dditionl improvement when Lysine ws fed t 1.21%. However, ccording to Griminger nd Scott (198) there is no significnt differences in requirements tht were found etween fst nd slow growing chicks. Our ojective ws to evlute the dequcy of the recommended Lysine requirement y feeding three diets of vrying Lysine levels to the roiler chicks, replicting Vzquez nd Pesti s experiment. According to Schwrtz, et l. (27), Lysine requirements re influenced y the rte of gin of the irds. Our hypothesis is tht the NRC lysine requirement is dequte for -3 week old chicks. To test our hypothesis, 3 mle roilers were otined on the htch dy nd used in 14 dy experiment to determine whether the lysine is dequte. Mterils & Methods: 3 mle roilers were otined on the dy fter htching Birds were rndomly llotted to petersime ttery cges with nipple nd plstic fountin wterers nd trough feeders Birds were housed in groups of five per pen with two pens per diet Birds were llowed d liitum ccess to feed nd wter All diets were corn-soyen mel sed, nd formulted to meet or exceed ll nutrient requirements Diets 1, 2 nd 3 were formulted to contin 1.1%, 1.21%, nd 1.4% Lysine respectively. Mterils nd Methods (cont): Pen ody weights nd feed intkes were recorded weekly Pen weights served s experimentl mens Mortlity ws recorded dily Diets compred y t-tests on Excel with p-vlue eing significnt t p<.1 Diet Composition: Results: ADFI (grms/dy) ADG (grms/dy) Ingredient, % Corn 8.8 62.3 62. Soyen Mel, 48% C 3.46 27.2 27.12 Soyen Oil.31.1 4.84 Diclcium Phosphte 2.1 2.3 2.3 Limestone 1.4 1.41 1.41 Premix 1.98 2.33 2.11 Clculted Composition CP, % 2.43 19.37 19.2 Lys, % 1.1 1.21 1.4 ME, Kcl/kg 14 14 14 C, % 1 1 1 P, %.4.4.4 8 7 6 4 3 2, 1 Week 1 Week 2 Overll Figure 1: The effects of lysine on verge dily gin. Diet mens within week contining different superscripts re different (P<.1). 4 3 3 2 1 1 Week 1 Week 2 Overll Figure 2: The effects of lysine on verge dily feed intke. Diet mens within week contining different superscripts re different (P<.1). G:F.8.7.6..4.3.2.1 Discussion: There ws no sttisticl difference in verge dily gin etween the three diets in this experiment. This grees with Schwrtz (197) who found little difference etween irds fed diet rnging from.8% to 1.4% lysine. Additionlly, Vzquez (1997) found tht within the rnge of.9% to 1.3% lysine, gins remined very similr for -4 week old irds. Surprisingly, feed intke shows tht the irds on the control diet te more thn the irds on either the high or low lysine diets. This is conflicting to the literture, s Vzquez nd Pesti found higher feed intke for the low lysine diet. The confidence of this result is questionle, s possile error in feed weight my hve skewed some results. The experiment needs to e repeted in order to confirm this conclusion. In this experiment, the control diet hd the lowest gin to feed rtio. The high nd low lysine diets were not sttisticlly different enough to mke specific recommendtion. Therefore, the low lysine diet (1.4%) should e used since it is most cost effective. Vzquez (1997) found tht lysine level of 1.29% of the diet produced mximum ody weight gin nd 1.32% produced mximum feed efficiency. This experiment however did not tke cost into ccount in determining its recommendtions. Literture Cited:, Week 1 Week 2 Overll Figure 3: The effects of lysine on gin to feed. Diet mens within week contining different superscripts re different (P<.1). Schwrtz, Heinz G., M.Wright Tylor, nd Hns Fisher. "The Effect of Dietry Energy Concentrtion nd Age of Growing Chicks." The Journl of Nutrition 2JUL197-37. 8APR27 <http://www.jn.nutrition.org>. Griminger, Pul nd H.M. Scott. "Growth Rte nd Lysine Requirement Of The Chick." The Journl of Nutrition 31 DEC 198 429-442. 8 APR 27 <http://www.jn.nutrition.org>. Vzquez, Mnuel nd Gene M. Pesti. "Estimtion Of The Lysine Requirement Of Broiler Chicks For Mximum Body Gin nd Feed Efficiency.." Journl of Applied Poultry Reserch 61997 241-246. 8APR27 <http://jpr.fss.org/cgi/content/strct/6/3/241>.
ABSTRACT Thirty, spring-orn, dy old, mle roiler chickens (initil BW= 2.8g) were fed three experimentl diets to test lterntive sources of clcium (C) nd phosphorus (P). The thirty roilers were rndomly plced five roilers per pen. They were weighed nd feed intkes were recorded once week on pen sis. ws conventionl diet formulted to include diclcium phosphte nd limestone s sources of C nd P. used nonconventionl sources of clcium nd phosphorous which could e found in Asi nd included met nd one mel. lso used non-conventionl sources of C nd P nd included met nd one mel, fish mel, nd lood mel. These diets were used to determine the effects of non-trditionl sources of C nd P on verge dily gin (ADG), verge dily feed intke (ADFI), nd gin to feed rtios (G: F). There ws significnt difference in the overll ADG etween diets 2 nd 3 (p=.7), where roilers fed hd lrger overll ADG. Broilers fed diet 3 showed significnt difference in ADFI etween diet 1 nd 2 (P=.38, P=.31), these roilers hd the lowest overll ADFI. When clculting G:F rtios, roilers fed diet 3 hd the highest, nd showed significnt difference etween diet 1 (P=.29). INTRODUCTION In certin regions of the world, typicl sources of inorgnic clcium (C) nd phosphorus (P) re not ville. In Southest Asi this prolem is prticulrly dominnt, nd therefore, lterntive sources of clcium nd ville P re needed. Adding phytse to the diet cn significntly improve the utiliztion of P, therefore, decresing the need for inorgnic P s well s reducing excess P excretion (Chn, et. l. 27). The use of met nd one mel cn lso e helpful in meeting the C nd P requirements for growing roilers. The poultry nd swine industry utilize lrge quntities of met nd one mel to incorporte their high C nd ville P contents into diets (Jco nd Miles, 27). The inclusion of mrine protein such s fish mel, dds clcium to the feed (Wldroup, et. l. 27). Therefore, we hypothesize tht the nutritionl requirements of C nd P cn e met y dding met nd one mel nd fish mel to poultry diets, such tht, these ingredients cn replce the use of diclcium phosphte nd limestone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mle roilers were otined on the dy of htch Fed n djustment diet for 1 dy Rndomly llotted to petersime ttery cges with nipple wterers nd trough feeders Housed t irds/pen with 2 pens/diet Allowed d liitum ccess to feed nd wter Pen nd ody weights nd feed intkes were recorded weekly Mortlity ws recorded dily Sttisticl t-tests were used on dt in Excel P-vlues greter thn.1 sttisticlly showed no significnt difference from one diet to nother P-vlues less thn.1 sttisticlly showed significnt difference from one diet to nother Effects of nontrditionl sources of inorgnic C nd P on the growth of mle roilers Tle I. Ingredient (%) Corn, ground 6.6 32.8 46. Diclcium phosphte 2. Ft, Lrd 4.3 Limestone 1.4 Soyen Mel - % CP 3.63 42.73 Slck.88.89.7 Met nd Bone Mel 14.67 8.19 Soyen Oil 9.13 6.38 Soyen Mel - 44% CP 34.68 Blood Mel 2. Fish Mel 2. Clculted Composition ME, KCAL/kg 14. 14. 14. CP, % 2.23 3.7 26.93 Lysine, % 1.11 1.84 1.62 C, % 1. 1. 1. np, %.4 1.71.1 Tle I. Composition of dietry tretments Premix : Vit/Min.%, Slt.4%; Synthetic Met.23% Premix : Vit/Min.%; Slt.4%; Synthetic Met.12%; Phytse.% Premix : Vit/Min.%; Slt.27%; Phytse.1% J. Prker, L. Hepworth, S. DiFrnci, M. Lee, A. Strthmnn, A. McComs Deprtment of Animl Sciences, Purdue University, West Lfyette, IN 4796 ADFI, g/d Figure I. The effects of non-trditionl inorgnic C nd P on ADFI There ws significnt (sig.) difference (diff.) etween the 3 diets during weeks (wks.) 1&2. Overll, diet 3 is sig. diff. from diets 1&2. ADG, g/d Gin:Feed 7 6 4 3 2 1 4 4 3 3 2 1 1 Figure II. The effects of non-trditionl inorgnic C nd P on ADG Diets 2&3 were sig. diff. from ech other during week (wk.) 1. Overll, diets 2&3 re sig. diff. from ech other..9.8.7.6..4.3.2.1 Week 1 Week 2 Overll c Week 1 Week 2 Overll Figure III. The effects of non-trditionl inorgnic C nd P on G:F ws sig. diff. from diets 2&3 during wk. 1. sig. diff. from oth diets 1&2 during wk. 2. Overll, diets 1&3 re sig. diff. from ech other. Week 1 Week 2 Overll c DISCUSSION Our control diet () ws corn-sbm sed diet with diclcium phosphte, limestone, ft nd n dded premix. We felt this diet would e efficient s it is conventionl U.S. diet. However, the overll G:F dt reveled tht diets 1 nd 2 were significntly different from, proving tht roilers fed contining fish mel, lood mel, met nd one mel, est utilized the ville nutrients. Fish mel ws dded to s n lternte protein nd C source. In pst studies it ws found to improve performnce of pullets in the initil growth phse (Olomu, 198). These chicks hd lower DFI nd incresed G:F mking it more efficient thn the other diets. This supported our hypothesis tht lterntive ingredients could efficiently replce the typicl sources of inorgnic C nd P. contined met nd one mel s its only lterntive source of C nd P. Jco nd Miles (1998) reported the use of met nd one mel s predominnt source of ville P in poultry diets. Our results showed tht the ddition of met nd one mel to the diet ws dequte ecuse there ws no significnt difference etween diet 2 nd diet 1. However, there ws no significnt evidence of improved growth performnce. Diets 1 nd 2 performed the sme sttisticlly, overll for ADG, ADFI nd G:F. Phytse ws dded to oth diets 2 nd 3 to increse the vilility of dietry P, nd decrese P excretion. Reserch from LSU AgCenter (27) indicted tht phytse increses growth performnce, however dt does not support this consistently in this experiment. One min concern during diet formultion ws otining the correct C:P. The est growth nd development occurrs when the C:P is less thn 2:1 (Holmes 1931). This C:P llows for the est utiliztion of dietry nutrients without excess minerl excretion. hd C:P of 1.96:1, = 2.22:1 nd = 2.11:1. A lower C:P improved the overll performnce of y showing significntly higher overll G:F thn Diets 1 nd 2. These results revel tht limestone nd diclcium phosphte re not the only sufficient ingredients tht cn e used to supply dietry P nd C to the diets successfully. LITERATURE CITED Au-Ghzleh AA, DJ Schingoethe, AR Hippen. 21. Blood Amino Acids nd Milk Composition from Cows Fed Soyen Mel, Fish Mel, or Both. J. D.S. 84(): 1174-81. Adding Phytse Proves Positive for Poultry, Swine Diet. April 4, 27. LSU AgCenter. <www.lsugcenter.com> DeRouchey, J.M. 23. Effects of Blood Mel ph nd Irrdition on Nursery Pig Performnce. J.A.S. 81:113-122 Eroderick Glen A. 21. Reltive Vlue of Fish Mel Versus Solvent Soyen Mel for Lctting Diry cows Fed Alflf Silge s Sole Forge. J.A.S. 7: 174-183 Holmes, Arthur D, et l. "The Clcium-Phosphorus Rtio of the Tiie of Growing Chicks" The E.L. Ptch Compny, Boston (1931) <http://www.jc.org/cgi/reprint/92/2/187.pdf> Jco, Jcquilene P., Richrd D. Miles. Fishmel in Poulrty Diets: Understnding the Production of this Vlule Feed Ingredient. University of Florid. <http://edis.ifs.ufl.edu > PS12 Jco J.P., R.D. Miles. Using Met nd Bone Mel in Poulrty Diets. University of Florid. <http://edis.ifs.ufl.edu> Jie Chn, Tinshui Lu, Zhengkng Hn. Poultry Production in Chin nd the Potentil for Using Enzyme Preprtions. Lortory of Animl Physiology nd Biochemisrty, Nnjing Agriculturl University <http://www.idrc.c> Nhm KH. 27. Feed Formultions to Reduce N Excretion nd Ammoni Emission from Poultry Mnure. Bioresour Technology. <www.pumed.com> Olomu, J.M., S.A. Offiong, 198. Performnce of rownegg-type pullets fed diets sed on groundnut mel, with nd without supplementtion with fishmel or lood mel. Trop. Agri., 62: 289-293. Wldroup, Prk W. Clcium nd Phosphorus For Poultry Feed. Americn Soyen Assocition. Vol. PO27-199. <www.soygrowers.com>
Effects of Adding Fumric Acid to Broiler Chick Diets Allison Dillon, Trish Isenerg, Shuo Liu, Anne Merritt, Crlie Richeson, Twny Wmpler ABSTRACT An experiment ws conducted to test if dding fumric cid to the diet of neworn chicks would increse ody weight ut not impct feed efficiency. In this experiment, 3 mle roilers otined on the dy of htch were used in 14 dy experiment nd fed 1 of 3 experimentl diets. Birds were divided into 6 pens contining irds per pen nd 2 pens per diet. Diets 1, 2, nd 3 contined,., nd 1. % fumric cid, respectively. Pen ody weight nd feed intke were mesured weekly. Visul oservtions nd mortlities were recorded dily. No effects (P>.1%) of dding.% fumric cid were oserved. However, decrese (P<.1%) in the verge dily feed intke nd verge dily gin when dding 1.% fumric cid ws oserved. The chicks fed the 1.% fumric cid diet showed negtive effects due to the more cidic nd trt tste of the feed, ecuse of the incresed level of fumric cid. INTRODUCTION According to Ptten nd Wldroup (1988), dding. or 1.% fumric cid to the diet incresed ody weight of roilers. However, feed efficiency ws not influenced. Skinner et l (1991) reported tht feed utiliztion ws incresed when diets contined.% fumric cid. According to Giesting nd Ester (198), fumric cid improved dily gin nd feed efficiency. Our hypothesis ws tht dding fumric cid to the diet of neworn chicks t n inclusion level of.%, would increse ody weight ut would not impct feed efficiency. In ddition, dding fumric cid to the diet of neworn chicks t n inclusion level of 1.% will decrese performnce nd feed efficiency. To test our hypothesis, 3 mle roilers otined on the dy of htch were used in 14 dy experiment to determine if dding fumric cid to the diet will increse ody weight. MATERIALS & METHODS Thirty mle roilers were otined on the dy of htch. Birds were fed n djustment diet for one dy nd were then rndomly llotted to petersime ttery cges with nipple wterers nd trough feeders. Birds were divided into 6 pens contining irds per pen nd two pens per diet. Birds were llowed d liitum ccess to feed nd wter for the 14 dy experiment. All diets were corn-soyen mel sed, nd formulted to meet or exceed ll nutrient requirements (NRC, 1994) for -3 week old roiler chicks. Diets 1, 2, nd 3 contined,., nd 1. % fumric cid, respectively. Pen ody weight nd feed intke were mesured weekly. Visul oservtions nd mortlity were recorded dily. Significnt differences etween diets were determined using the t-test procedure in MS Excel. LITERATURE CITED Giesting, D. W., Ester, R. A. (198). Response of Strter Pigs to Supplementtion of Corn-soyen Mel Diets with Orgnic Acids. Journl of Animl Science, 6(), 1288-1294. Klotins, K. (). Using Acidifiers to Reduce Antimicroil Use in Livestock Production. Ministry of Agriculture, Food nd Rurl Affirs, 4. Ptten, J.D., Wldroup, P.W. (1988). Use of Orgnic Acids in Broiler Diets. Poultry Science, 67(8), 1178-1182. Skinner, J.T., Izt, A.L., Wldroup, P.W. (1991). Fumric Acid Enhnces Performnce of Broiler Chickens. Poultry Science, 7(6), 1444-1447. Tle 1: Composition of dietry tretments (s-fed) Gin:Feed.8.7.6..4.3.2.1. Diet Ingredient, % 1 2 3 Soyen Mel, 48% CP 31. 31. 31. Corn... Soyen Oil 6.8 6.8 6.8 Diclcium Phosphte 2.1 2.1 2.1 Limestone 1.39 1.39 1.39 Premix** 2.2 2.2 2.2 Fumric Acid.. 1. Solk Floc 1. 1.. Clculted Composition CP, % 2.4 2.4 2.4 Lys, % 1.12 1.12 1.12 ME, Kcl/kg 1477 1477 1477 C, % 1.2 1.2 1.2 P, %.46.46.46 **Premix Composition (% of Diet): Slt (.48%), DL-Methionine (.28%), Lysine (.1%), Vitmin/Trce Minerl premix (.%) Week 1 Week 2 Overll RESULTS & DISCUSSION Figure 3. The effect of fumric cid on gin to feed efficiency, Diet mens within weeks re not different (P <.1).,.% Fumric, 1.% Fumric Adding fumric cid t n inclusion rte of.% resulted in no improvement in verge dily gin, verge dily feed intke, or gin to feed efficiency. According to Skinner et. l. (1991), the ddition of.% fumric cid improved ody weight of roiler chicks. Contrdictory results from this experiment could e due to the fct tht the irds were in overll good helth nd were not infected y ny pthogens, which decresed the role of the orgnic cid. ADG (g/d) ADFI (g/d) 4 4 3 3 2 1 1 Figure 1. The effect of fumric cid on verge dily gin, Diet mens within week tht contin different superscripts re different (P <.1). 9 8 7 6 4 3 2 1,.% Fumric, 1.% Fumric,.% Fumric, 1.% Fumric Week 1 Week 2 Overll Week 1 Week 2 Overll Figure 2. The effect of fumric cid on verge dily feed intke, Diet mens within week tht contin different superscripts re different (P <.1). RESULTS & DISCUSSION (continued) The verge dily gin r grph illustrtes tht dding 1.% fumric cid resulted in decrese in ADG from week 1 to week 2 compred to the control fed irds. The verge dily feed intke r grph lso shows tht dding 1.% fumric cid resulted in decrese in ADFI from week 1 to week 2 compred to the control fed irds. Therefore, when dding the fumric cid t the inclusion rte of 1.% the irds egn to show negtive feedck. This supports the hypothesis tht the roiler chicks performnce will egin to suffer when dding fumric cid t 1.% of the diet. Ptten nd Wldroup (1988) stted tht roiler chicks only showed n improvement when supplementing the diets with.% nd 1.% fumric cid nd tht the irds did not enefit from n inclusion rte greter thn 1.%. This negtive rection to the high level of fumric cid could e tht the diet ws too cidic nd/or tht it hd trt tste.
Incresing Feed Efficiency nd Averge Dily Gin in -2 2 Week Old Broilers Hether Crter, Bernie Eerle, Roert Jcos, Jessic Livingston, Amy Nel, Ay Schrge Astrct The ojective of this experiment ws to increse verge dily gin nd feed efficiency in -2 week old chicks y ltering the diet. The chicks were held in Petersime Bttery Cges with nipple wterers nd trough feeders. Chicks were rndomly ssigned to chicks per pen nd 2 pens per diet. All diets were corn-soyen mel sed nd formulted to meet or exceed ll nutrient requirements (NRC, 1994). Diets were:.) diet with choice white grese s the supplemented ft source. 2.) with soyen oil in plce of choice white grese. 3.) with the ddition of spry-dried niml plsm. The chicks were oserved dily nd oservtions were recorded. Feed intke weights nd pen weights were tken weekly in order to clculte verge dily gin, verge dily feed intke, nd feed efficiency. There were no effects (P>.1) on verge dily gin, verge dily feed intke, or feed:gin throughout the experiment. Introduction Incresing growth rte of roilers decreses dys to mrket, which my increse efficiency overll. To improve feed efficiency nd verge dily gin we propose to replce choice white grese with soyen oil. Rose et. l. (26) reported tht sustituting choice white grese for soyen oil, in chick diets, increses digestiility nd increses feed efficiency. We lso propose to dd lood mel to the oost immune system nd overll helth of the chicks. Boosting the immune system nd helth of young irds will promote n increse in dily feed intke nd led to n increse in verge dily gin. Cmpell et. t. (26) reported n increse in verge dily gin nd verge dily feed intke when roilers were fed diets contining lood mel. Mterils nd Methods 3 mle roilers were otined on the dy of htch Fed n djustment diet for one dy Chicks were plced in Petersime Bttery Cges with nipple wterers nd trough feeders Birds rndomly llotted to chicks/pen nd 2 pens/diet Allowed free choice ccess to feed nd wter All diets were corn-soyen mel sed nd formulted to meet or exceed ll nutrient requirements (NRC, 1994). Diets were: : Corn-soyen mel control diet with choice white grese : + 2.% lood mel : + soyen oil Chicks were fed nd oserved dily Any normlities, mortlities, or oservtions were recorded dily Totl pen ody weights nd feed intkes recorded weekly nd used to clculte verge dily gin, verge dily feed intke, nd feed efficiency Dietry tretments were nlyzed using the T-Test procedure in excel, with P-vlue <.1 eing significnt ADG, g ADFI, g Gin:Feed, g Results 4 4 3 3 2 1 1 Figure 1. The effects of lood mel nd soyen oil on verge dily gin. (Diet effect: P>.1). 7 6 4 3 2 1 Figure 2. The effects of lood mel nd soyen oil on verge dily feed intke. (Diet effect: P>.1). 1.2 1.8.6.4.2 Week 1 Week 2 Overll Week 1 Week 2 Overll Week 1 Week 2 Overll Figure 3. The effects of lood mel nd soyen oil on grin to feed rtio. (Diet effect: P>.1). Blood Mel Soyen Oil Blood Mel Soyen Oil Blood Mel Soyen Oil Discussion In our experiment we hypothesized tht sustituting soyen oil for choice white grese would increse feed efficiency nd verge dily gin of to 2 week old roilers. We chose this ingredient sed on the reserch of Rose et. l. (26), who reported tht sustituting choice white grese with soyen oil, in chick diets, incresed the digestiility of the feed nd feed efficiency. However, no differences in verge dily gin, verge dily feed intke, or feed efficiency were detected (Figures 1, 2, 3). Therefore, sed on this experiment, sustituting soyen oil for choice white grese does not improve feed efficiency or verge dily gin. We lso hypothesized tht dding lood mel to the diet would increse feed efficiency nd verge dily gin in to 2 week old roilers. According to DeRouchey et l. (22), pigs fed diets contining lood products hd incresed gin to feed rtios compred to pigs fed the control diet. However, results did not confirm this hypothesis ecuse no differences in growth rte or feed efficiency were oserved. Bsed on the results of the experiment, we conclude there is no significnt increse in verge dily gin nd/or feed efficiency in to 2 week old roilers y the use of soyen oil nd lood mel in the diet. While there is reserch to support these two theories, there could e numerous resons why dding these ingredients to our diets ws not eneficil. A mjor reson is tht we only tested two pens contining five irds piece on ech diet. It would e more ccurte to test greter numer of pens on ech diet. Works Cited % As Fed Ingredients (%) Corn 46.4 46.77 44.84 SBM 42.24 38.4 42.74 Soyen Oil 7.28 Blood Mel 2. Choice White 6.2 7.16 Diclcium 1.93 1.93 1.93 Limestone 1.36 1.37 1.36 Premix 1.8 1.83 1.8 Totl 1 1 1.1 Premix Slt.48.46.48 Poultry Vitmin... D,l-Methionine.12.12.12 Corn 1 1 1 Totl 1.8 1.83 1.8 Feed Composition Crude Protein 24.83 24.97 24.74 Metolizle 14 14 14 Clcium 1 1 1 Phosphorus.4.4.4 Lysine 1.48 1.1 1.4 Bruce KJ, Krr-Lilienthl LK, Zinn KE, Pope LL, Mhn DC, Fstinger ND, Wtts M, Utterck PL, Prsons CM, Cstned EO, Ellis M, Fhey GC Jr., Evlution of the inclusion of soyen oil nd soyen processing y-products to soyen mel on nutrient composition nd digestiility in swine nd poultry., J Anim Sci. 26 Jun;84(6):143-14., PMID: 1669997 [PuMed indexed for MEDLINE] Dei HK, Rose SP, Mckenzie AM. Apprent metolisle energy nd digestiility of she (Vitellri prdox) ft, coco (Theorom cco) ft nd soyen oil in roiler chicks. Br Poult Sci. 26 Oct;47():67-12. PMID: 1716 [PuMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Dvorin A, Zoref Z, Mokdy S, Nitsn Z., Nutritionl spects of hydrogented nd regulr soyen oil dded to diets of roiler chickens., Poult Sci. 1998 Jun;77(6):82-., PMID: 962829 [PuMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Growth response of roilers to spry-dried plsm in pelleted or expnded feed processed t high temperture. J Anim Sci. 26 Sep;84(9):1-8. PMID: 16986 [PuMed - indexed for MEDLINE] J. M. DeRouchey3, M. D. Tokch, J. L. Nelssen, R. D. Goodnd, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth nd B. W. Jmes. Comprison of spry-dried lood mel nd lood cells in diets for nursery pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 22. 8:2879-2886