Biopsychology Biological Bases of Behaviour Miss. Paslawski Psychology 40S 2017
http://fundersandfounders.com/9-types-of-intelligence/#naturalist How does your brain process information? Naturalist Intelligence Interpersonal Intelligence Naturalistic learning is about understanding the patterns of living things and applying scientific reasoning to the world. Interpersonal intelligence is about social interaction and understanding the people around you and their motives, emotions, perspectives, and moods. Musical Intelligence Musical intelligence is associated with enjoying music, singing, making music, and playing an instrument. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence Logical-mathematical intelligence is about understanding complex problems and conceptualizing relationships between symbols, processes, and actions. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence Bodily kinesthetic intelligence is the capacity to manipulate objects and use a variety of physical skills. Verbal- Linguistic Intelligence Linguistic intelligence is the ability to think in words and to use language to express and appreciate complex meanings. Spatial Intelligence Intra-Personal Intelligence Spatial intelligence is the ability to think in three dimensions. Core capacities include mental imagery, spatial reasoning, image manipulation, graphic and artistic skills, and an active imagination. Intra-personal intelligence is the capacity to understand oneself and one s thoughts and feelings, and to use such knowledge in planning and directioning one s life. Existential Intelligence Sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence, such as the meaning of life, why we die, and how did we get here.
Lesson 1: The Brain
The Brain What do you know about the brain already?
History of the Mind Phrenology In 1800, Franz Gall suggested that bumps of the skull represented mental abilities. His theory, though incorrect, nevertheless proposed that different mental abilities were modular.
Phineas Gage Neuroscience Most Famous Patient In 1848, Gage, 25, was the foreman of a crew cutting a railroad bed in Cavendish, Vermont. On September 13, as he was using a tamping iron to pack explosive powder into a hole, the powder detonated. The explosion shot a metal rod through his skull. Despite the loss of his eye, and brain damage, he survived and lived for 11 years. http://skeptikai.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/phineas-gage-with-skull-picture.png
Phineas Gage Neuroscience Most Famous Patient
What can travel around the world while staying in a corner? A stamp
Brain Structure Assignment Which structure should be hired as Brain CEO Brainstem Medulla Pons Reticular formation Cerebellum Thalamus Pituitary gland Limbic System Hippocampus Amygdala Hypothalamus Cerebral cortex Corpus callosum Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Motor cortex Sensory cortex
Lesson 2: Structures of the brain
There was a green house. Inside the greenhouse there was a white house. Inside the white house there was a red house. Inside the red house there were lots of babies. What is it? A watermelon
Brainstem What are the structures and functions of the brain? The Brainstem is the oldest part of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells and enters the skull. It is responsible for automatic survival functions.
Brain Stem: Medulla The medulla is the base of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing. 13
Brain Stem: Pons The pons above the medulla are responsible for sleep. 14
Brain Stem: Reticular Formation Reticular Formation is a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal. Reticular Formation 15
Cerebellum The little brain (cerebellum) attached to the rear of the brainstem. It helps coordinate voluntary movements and balance. 16
Thalamus The Thalamus is the brain s sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem. It directs messages to the sensory areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla. 17
The Limbic System The Limbic System is a system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebrum, associated with emotions such as fear, aggression and drives for food and sex. It includes the pituitary gland, amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus. 18
Pituitary Gland The Pituitary Gland is often referred to as the master gland as it regulates many activities of other endocrine glands. It also produces the growth hormone. 19
Hippocampus Hippocampus (Latin for seahorse) is associated primarily with memory. 20
Amygdala The Amygdala consists of two almond-shaped neural clusters linked to the emotions of fear and anger. 21
Hypothalamus The Hypothalamus lies below (hypo) the thalamus. It directs several maintenance activities like eating, drinking, body temperature, and control of emotions. It helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland. 22
Corpus Callosum The corpus callosum is a thick band of fibers that connects the two hemispheres and passes information back and forth to each hemisphere. 23
The Cerebral Cortex The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres. It is the body s ultimate control and information processing center. brain map 24
Structure of the Cortex Each brain hemisphere is divided into four lobes that are separated by prominent fissures. These lobes are the frontal lobe (forehead), parietal lobe (top to rear head), occipital lobe (back head) and temporal lobe (side of head). 25
Parietal Lobe Occipital Lobe Frontal Lobe Temporal Lobe 26
Brain Lobes The Frontal Lobes Involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments. The Parietal Lobes Receive sensory input for touch and body position. The Occipital Lobes Receive visual information from the opposite visual field. The Temporal Lobes Receive auditory information primarily from the opposite ear.
Functions of the Cortex The Motor Cortex is the area at the rear of the frontal lobes that control voluntary movements. The Sensory Cortex (parietal lobe) receives information from skin surface and sense organs. 28
Lesson 3: The Nervous System
What kind of room has no doors or windows? A mushroom
Kahoot - Famous Faces Can you recognize famous faces? 31 https://cdn.theatlantic.com/assets/media/img/mt/2014/03/bhxwutnceaateq6.jpg_large/lead_large.jpg?1430158206
Face Blindness Face blindness is a brain disorder characterized by the inability to recognize faces. Face blindness is thought to be the result of abnormalities, damage, or impairment to the neural systems that control facial perception and memory. Face Blindness Test It was very validating to know, I have always believed my whole life that if I could just pay more attention, I would be better at recognizing faces, and people wouldn t get upset with me for it. 32 http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/560/cpsprodpb/d0a6/production/_90141435_976549editistock_63827563_large.jpg
Brain Plasticity Plasticity refers to the brain s ability to modify itself after some type of injury or illness. Neuroplasticity or brain plasticity is the ability of the brain to modify its connections or re-wire itself. Without this ability, any brain, not just the human brain, would be unable to develop from infancy through to adulthood or recover from brain injury. 33 https://www.diygenius.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/learning-and-neuroplasticity-in-the-brain.jpg
Brain Plasticity and Growth Mindset For many years the people thought the brain was hardwired, and after development it only declined, this thought is incorrect. Carol Dweck - Growth Mindset Yoda s Wisest Words 34 https://14208-presscdn-0-76-pagely.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/growth-mindset-quote-carol-dweck.jpg
Brain Plasticity and Growth Mindset Carol Dweck - Growth Mindset Yoda s Wisest Words 35 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/b7cnilvcqaaicsw.png
The Split Brain Experiment Roger Sperry, in the 1960s, carried out his most famous experiment, the split brain experiment. It was a cure for people who suffered from a special kind of epilepsy. The corpus callosum was severed which stopped the seizures however some odd behaviours resulted. 36
The Split Brain Experiment 37
Lesson 4: NERVOUS SYSTEM
What kind of tree can you carry in your hand? A palm
The Nervous System The brain is the center of the nervous system. The spinal cord and nerves are the connections. Nerves carry electrochemical signals to and from different areas of the nervous system. 40
Sympathetic Nervous System Fight or Flight (Stress) Fight or flight response https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jehwb1pg_-q Stress video - commercial https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=md9_r2rhtzm 46
Activity: Nervous System Amusement Park In table groups, your task is to create a drawing and description of a amusement park ride your design that is in align with a theme of one of the systems. Options: Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system 47
Lesson 5: Neurons and Neurotransmitters
If you have me, you want to share me. If you share me, you haven't got me. What am I? Secret
Neurons The body s information system is built from billions of interconnected cells called neurons. A neuron is a nerve cell. Neurons communicate with each other through an electrochemical process. Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qs83wd29py - The Neuron 50
Neurons A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts. 51
Parts of a Neuron Cell Body: Life support center of the neuron. Dendrites: Branching extensions at the cell body. Receive messages from other neurons. Axon: Long single extension of a neuron, covered with myelin sheath to insulate and speed up messages through neurons. Terminal Branches of axon: Branched endings of an axon that transmit messages to other neurons. 52
Action Potential A neural impulse. A brief electrical charge that travels down an axon and is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon s membrane. 53
Synapse Synapse a junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. This tiny gap is called the synaptic gap or cleft. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whowh0kb7n0 54
Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters (chemicals) released from the sending neuron travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing it to generate an action potential. 55
Neurotransmitters 56
Neurotransmitters 57
Lesson 6: The Endocrine System
What has a head and a tail, but no body? A Coin
The Endocrine System The Endocrine System is the body s slow chemical communication system. Communication is carried out by hormones synthesized by a set of glands. The nervous system quick, like sending a text message, while the endocrine system is like sending a letter in the mail. 60
Hormones Hormones are chemicals synthesized by the endocrine glands that are secreted in the bloodstream. Hormones affect the brain and many other tissues of the body. Examples: Insulin - blood sugar levels Testosterone and Estrogen - sex development http://healthnudg.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/insulin-resistance.jpg 61
The Pituitary Gland Is called the master gland. It releases hormones that regulate other glands. Releases the growth hormone. Also releases oxytocin which promotes group cohesion and social trust http://www.merckmanuals.com/~/media/manual/home/images/end_pituitary.gif?la=en&thn=0
The Thyroid Gland Metabolism and body temperature. Produces a hormone called thyroxine. 63
Adrenal Glands and Pancreas Adrenal glands secrete hormones adrenaline (epinephrine and norepinephrine) during stressful and emotional situations Pancreas secretes insulin to regulate the level of sugar in the blood. 64
Gonads Sex glands are located in different places in men and women. They regulate body development and maintain reproductive organs in adults. Testis produce the hormone testosterone. The ovaries produce estrogen. 65