Curriculum Standard One: Organization of the Human Body The student will understand how structure and function compliment each other, the nature of homeostasis, and the language of Anatomy. 1A. The student will demonstrate an understanding of the principals of complementary of structure and function. 1B. The student will define homeostasis and describe its importance to survival. 1C. The student will demonstrate use and understanding of directional terms and body planes by using examples. Can the student identify structures and functions of whole systems? Can the student identify the interrelationships between each system and how they relate to homeostasis? Can the student demonstrate proper use of directional terminology and anatomical positions? The student will identify structures from all major body systems on final and lab practical. The student will identify the interrelationships between each system and how they relate to homeostasis through a body system poster presentation. The student will locate major body cavities and use correct anatomical body terminology in regard to body positions on final and lab practical. 1
Curriculum Standard Two: Biochemistry The student will understand the composition and reactions of living matter, and how cells and tissues serve as basic units of structure and function for all life on Earth. 2A. The student will identify 4 major macromolecules in living things. 2B. The student will identify basic structure and function of eukaryotic cells. 2C. The student will demonstrate an ability to differentiate between the various epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. Can the student identify and synthesize proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids? Can the student identify and explain different organelles of a cell? Can the student identify various examples of the four major tissue types? The student will identify different macromolecules in foods and be able to assess how they help maintain homeostasis. Using a diagram and microscope slides, the student will identify different structures of the cell. The student will identify various examples of all 4 tissue types from photos, diagrams, and microscope slides. 2
Curriculum Standard Three: Covering, Support, and Movement of the Body The student will understand the structure and function of skin, bones, the axial and appendicular skeleton, joints, muscles and muscle tissue, and the muscular system. 3A. The student will demonstrate an understanding of the 3 major skin layers and understand the functions of each. 3B. The student will demonstrate a knowledge of major skin glands. 3C. The student will demonstrate the importance of skin derivatives as they relate to protection and adaptation to the environment. 3D. The student will demonstrate how burns impact the integumentary system. 3E. The student will demonstrate the role of skin in providing nonspecific defenses against infection. Can the student define and identify major skin layers and their functions? Can the student differentiate between sudoriferous and sebaceous glands? Can the student identify skin derivatives and establish their role? Can the student classify various degrees of burns, their homeostatic effect, and their treatment? Can the student assess the role of the skin in fighting disease? The student will diagram and label a cross section of skin. The student will map his/her sebaceous glands and distinguish between suderiferous and sebaceous using a microscope. The student will diagram skin derivatives and label their parts. The student will identify different burns from photos and explain treatment of an exam. The student will explain various diseases of the skin on an exam. 3
3F. The student will demonstrate knowledge of the axial and appendicular skeleton. 3G. The student will demonstrate an understanding of how bone grows and reforms after a fracture or break. 3H. The student will demonstrate an understanding of the criteria used to classify joints structurally and functionally. 3I. The student will demonstrate knowledge of the structure and function of the 3 types of muscle tissue. 3J. The student will demonstrate the cellular and molecular basis of muscle contraction, including the roles of actin, myosin, Ca t2, and ATP. Can the student identify the major bones of the body, as well as passageways for arteries, veins, and nerves? Can the student identify the various types of bone fractures and how the bone heals? Can the student differentiate between classification and type of joint and describe their function? Can the student classify the different muscle types and compare and contrast their differences at the cellular level? Can the student explain how myofilament structure creates contractions through interaction of myosin, actin, Ca t2, troponin, and tropomyosin? The student will identify all major bones and bone structures on a lab practical exam. By viewing an x-ray, the student will identify all the various types of bone fractures and explain the healing process. The student will build a joint model and use classroom models to compare joint structure and function. The student will locate and identify muscles in various settings (cat, microscope slices, and models). The student will explain or diagram the cellular and molecular process of muscle contraction on an exam. 4
Curriculum Standard Four: Regulation and Integration of the Body The student will understand the fundamentals of the nervous system, the special senses, and the endocrine system and hormone function. 4A. The student will demonstrate how the nervous system mediates communication between different parts of the body and interactions with the environment. 4B. The student will demonstrate knowledge of major brain regions, related sensory organs, and comparison of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. 4C. The student will demonstrate an understanding of the gross and microscope structure of the spinal cord. 4D. The student will demonstrate knowledge of the structures and function of the endocrine system. 4E. The student will demonstrate how hormones provide internal feedback mechanisms for homeostasis at the cellular level and in whole organisms. Can the student explain the functions of the nervous system, the role of neurons in transmitting electrochemical impulses, and the roles of sensory neurons and motor neurons in sensation, thought, and response? Can the student identify brain regions and their functions and differentiate between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems? Can the student differentiate between white and gray matter? Can the student identify all structures of the endocrine system and distinguish between exocrine and endocrine glands? Can the student identify the various hormones and their target organs in maintaining homeostasis? 5 The student will experience how to compare and contrast sensory and motor neurons and special senses in a laboratory investigation. The student will make a brain map and dissect a mammalian brain in order to identify the various brain structures. The student will identify structures and describe functions of the spinal cord on an exam. The student will diagram and identify endocrine and exocrine glands on an exam. The student will diagram pathways between hormones and their target organs.
Curriculum Standard Five: Maintenance of the Body The student will understand the composition and functions of blood, the structure and function of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, urinary system, and the digestive system. 5A. The student will demonstrate the ability to describe the composition and physical characteristics of whole blood and knowledge of blood functions. 5B. The student will demonstrate an understanding of the A, B, O blood grouping method and Rh factor. 5C. The student will demonstrate the ability to trace the pathway of blood through pulmonary circulation and state the function of this circulation. 5D. The student will demonstrate the ability to describe the structure and function of the heart. 5E. The student will demonstrate the ability to compare and contrast the anatomy, structure and function of veins, and arteries. Can the student differentiate between plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and discuss the role of erythrocytes? Can the student explain how blood groups are organized and which groups can be safely mixed? Can the student diagram the flow of blood from the heart to lungs and all parts of the body? Can the student identify structures of the heart, the function of the four heart chambers, and the components of the conduction system? Can the student list relationships between blood flow and blood pressure, and how blood flow is regulated? 6 The student will view formed elements of blood using microscope slides. The student will examine simulated blood to determine blood type in a laboratory investigation and explain Rh factor on an exam. The student will explain the flow of blood through the heart by diagram and dissection of a mammalian heart. The student will identify heart chambers and conduction system components from dissection of a mammalian heart and classroom models. The student will measure blood pressure using a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer.
5F. The student will demonstrate knowledge of organs involved in breathing from the nose to the alveoli and the mechanics of breathing. 5G. The student will demonstrate knowledge of how respiration affects homeostasis. 5H. The student will demonstrate knowledge of the structure and function of the urinary system. 5I. The student will describe the normal characteristics, composition, and solute concentrations of a representative urine sample. 5J. The student will identify the organs of the digestive tract and the accessory organs of digestion. 5K. The student will describe the digestive processes and sites of absorption of the various macromolecules. Can the student identify the structures of the respiratory system and explain how breathing occurs? Can the student explain how cellular energy demands relate to respiration rate due to exercise? Can the student identify structures and functions of the urinary system? Can the student identify components of urine in a urine sample? Can the student identify and describe the function of all the organs of digestion? Can the student trace and explain the digestive processes and sites for lipid, carbohydrate and protein absorption? The student will measure the mechanics of breathing using a spirometer and identify respiratory organs from mammalian dissection. The student will measure how exercise changes respiratory rate using a laboratory investigation. The student will identify the role of kidneys, the structure and function of ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra by mammalian dissection. The student will evaluate a urine sample for normal and abnormal concentrations. The student will identify the roles of all digestive organs by mammalian dissection. The student will compare and contrast sites for macromolecule absorption by diagram and exam. 7
Curriculum Standard Six: The student will understand that organisms have a variety of mechanisms to combat disease. 6A. The student will identify the basic components of the immune system and explain their functions. 6B. The student will explain the role of antibodies in the body's response to infection. 6C. The student will explain how vaccination protects an individual from infectious disease. 6D. The student will explain various modes of disease transmission and how the immune system is compromised. Can the student identify components of the immune system? Can the student explain the effects of antibodies and how these effects are produced? Can the student explain how vaccinations can sensitize the immune system? Can the student explain why an individual with a compromised immune system may be unable to fight off infections that are usually benign? The student will diagram components of the immune system including phagocytes, B-lymphocytes and T- lymphocytes and describe their roles on an exam. The student will explain the roles of antibodies on an exam. The student will write the process of antibody production in response to vaccination on an exam. The student will categorize various diseases and diagnose symptoms and recommend treatment on oral and written exams. 8
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