Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
Tissues
What do you think happens when the cells use up their food and oxygen before there is time to replenish it? They cells can not function death. Blood Cell Cancer cell Plant cell
Histology is the study of special forms of cells and their relationship with tissue and organs in
Tissues are groups of similar cells joined to perform the same function.
The study of cells.
1. Epithelium 2. Connective 3. Muscle 4. Nervous Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
Characterized by: Cells tightly junked together The presence of a cell secretion called the basement membrane. Epithelium: sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity; also form most of the body s glands. Lines, covers, and protects other tissues and organs. Roles: as interfaces and as boundaries Functions: Protection Absorption Sensory reception Ion transport Secretion Filtration Formation of slippery surfaces for movement
Simple (single layer) cuboidal (cube shape) Simple columnar (single layer of column shape)
According to thickness simple - one cell layer stratified more than one layer of cells (which are named according to the shape of the cells in the apical layer) -deposited or arranged in horizontal layers
According to shape squamous wider than tall cuboidal as tall as wide columnar - taller than wide
Simple Squamous Epithelium 1. Air sacs of respiratory 2. Lining of blood vessels, heart and lymphatic tubes Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
Stratified Squamous Epithelium 1. skin 2. Vagina 3. Esophagus 4. Mouth Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
Cells cube shapedsecretion and absorption. 1. Kidney tubules 2. Duct and small glands 3. Surface of ovary Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
Simple Columnar epithelium 1. Lines of the digestive tract, 2. gallbladder 3. excretory ducts of some glands. Has microvilli at surface for absorption. Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium 1. Lines the bronchi, trachea, uterine tubes and some of the uterus. 2. Propels mucus or reproductive cells by ciliary action. Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
Characterized by the cells widely separated from each other in a matrix that is produced by the cells. Tissue protects and supports. Cell Matrix composed of two regions Ground Liquid (sol), Gel, Gum or solid Fibers Non-elastic (= white or Collagen) Elastic (= yellow fibers) Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
A. True Connective Tissue 1. Loose (Areolar) Connective Tissue 2. Dense Connective Tissue B. Supportive Connective Tissue 3. Cartilage 4. Bone C. Liquid Connective Tissue 5. Blood Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
True or Proper Connective Tissue 1. Loose Connective Tissue: a. Areolar tissue Widely distributed under epithelia b. Adipose tissue Hypodermis, within abdomen, breasts c. Reticular connective tissue Lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes
Gel like ground with both elastic and non-elastic fibers running through the ground in many directions. Wraps and cushions organs Under the skin Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
Function as storage cells for adipose (lipids) Adipose cells contain a large vacuole which in the live cell contains lipids. Cell nucleus and cytoplasm are pushed out to edge of cell membrane. Adipose tissue Mammary glands Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
Nuclei and fibers arranged in parallel rows. a. Dense regular connective tissue Tendons and ligaments b. Dense irregular connective tissue Dermis of skin, submucosa of digestive tract Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
A glassy translucent substance Ground of matrix is gum like. Cells are found in Lacunae within the matrix. Fibers may be elastic or non-elastic, or a form of non-elastic called reticular(where the non-elastic fibers of very thin) Hyaline Cartilage-example on the ends of bones Elastic Cartilage- example ear cartilage A blank gap or missing part Non-elastic Cartilage- example nose cartilage. Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
Ground of matrix is Solid (Calcium carbonate). Has blood supply and nerves running through the Halverson canal systems. The adult human body has 206 bones. An infant may have from 300-350 bones at birth. Some of these fuse together as the infant grows. When some bones fuse and become one bone (most obvious examples are in the skull, sacrum and hip bones) the number of overall bones drops to the 206 bones that most adults have. Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
Liquid matrix = plasma 90% water 10%Plasma proteins, electrolytes, hormones, oxygen, glucose etc. Formed elements Erythrocytes -48billion(female) to 54 billion (male) cell / ml of blood in humans. Mammals are enucleated while rest of the vertebrates they have nuclei Leukocytes -about 7.5 million / ml of blood Platelets -blood clotting Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
Blood: Erythrocytes, red blood cells Hemoglobin carries oxygen No nucleus Made in bone marrow
Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
Tissue with cells having fibers specialized for contraction. Skeletal Muscle (Striated, voluntary) Parallel elongated cells (fibers) multinucleated and each cell is the length of the muscle. Light meat, Dark meat Slow twitch, fast twitch muscle Smooth Muscle (Visceral, involuntary) Cells are long and tapered. Organized into sheets of muscle. Cardiac Muscle Intercalated disc Myogenic branched Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
Cells specialized to polarize and depolarize. Cell is a neuron Jenna Hellack Jan 2001
A cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses
Adenoma neoplasm of glandular epithelium, benign or malignant Carcinoma cancer arising in an epithelium (90% of all human cancers) Sarcoma cancer arising in mesenchymederived tissue (connective tissues and muscle)
Jenna Hellack Jan 2001