STUDY GUIDE SECTION 45-1 The Human Body Plan Name Period Date Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank 1. Nervous tissue contains specialized cells called a. Transmitters. b. neurons c. messenger cells. d. cardiac cells. 2. Organ systems consist of a. tissues. b. cells. c. organs. d. all of these. 3. Tissues that bind, support, and protect structures is called a. muscle tissue. c. skeletal tissue. b. connective tissue. d. epithelial tissue. 4. The body cavity that contains the heart, esophagus, and organs of the respiratory system is the a. cranial cavity. c. thoracic cavity. b. spinal cavity. d. abdominal cavity. 5. Which organ system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, lungs, and skin? a. integumentary system. c. excretory system. b. digestive system. d. endocrine system. Short Answer-Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. Name the four types of tissue in the human body and give an example of each. A. - B. - C. - D. - 2. List and describe three types of Muscle tissue: A. - B. - C. - Page 1 of 8
3. Describe how body tissues, organs, and organ systems are related. 4. Describe the composition of connective tissue. 5. Describe two functions of nervous tissue: A. B. 6. A. Can an organ be part of more than one organ system? B. Provide a specific example to support your answer. STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Use the figure below to answer the following questions. Page 2 of 8
STUDY GUIDE SECTION 45-2 Skeletal System Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank 1. The process in which bone cells gradually replace cartilage is called a. ossification. c. restoration. b. osteoarthritis. d. None of the above. 2. The axial skeleton includes bones of the a. arms. b. legs. c. ribs. d. all of the above. 3. Semimovable joints are found a. in the knees. c. in the vertebrae. b. in the thumbs. d. in the elbows. 4. Tough bands of connective tissue that hold bones in place are called a. ligaments b. tendons c. gliding joints. d. muscles. 5. Osteoarthritis is characterized by a. stretching of the ligaments. c. autoimmunity. b. thinning of cartilage. d. fracturing of bones. Short Answer-Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. Describe 5 functions of bones: A. B. C. D. E. 2. Describe the importance of bone marrow. 3. Define Ossification: Page 3 of 8
4. List three types of movable joints, and give an example of each. A. - B. - C. - 5. Explain why dietary calcium is important to bone growth and maintenance. STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Use the figure of the human skeleton to answer the following questions. 1. Label each part of the figure in the spaces provided. 2. What are the primary functions of the skeleton? 3. How do bones elongate? Page 4 of 8
STUDY GUIDE SECTION 45-3 Muscular System Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank 1. Which of the following types of muscle tissue is found in the walls of the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels? a. cardiac muscle c. skeletal muscle c. smooth muscle d. voluntary muscle. 2. Which of the following types of muscle tissue is responsible for moving most parts of the body? a. cardiac muscle b. skeletal muscle c. smooth muscle d. involuntary muscle. 3. A sarcomere a. is the functional unit of a muscle contraction. b. consists of myofibrils. c. uses ATP d. all of the above. 4. Muscles that cause a joint to bend are called a. origins b. flexors c. extensors d. insertions Short Answer-Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. Explain why smooth muscle is referred to as involuntary. 2. How does a runner acquire oxygen debt? 3. Explain how a muscle contracts. 4. Explain how muscles work together to move bones. Page 5 of 8
5. Why are flexors and extensors considered antagonistic muscles. 6. In the space below, draw and label a muscle that is relaxed and a muscle that is fully contracted. STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Use the figure of the human are below to answer the following questions. Page 6 of 8
STUDY GUIDE SECTION 45-4 Integumentary System Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank 1. The dermis a. covers the epidermis. c. contains nervous tissue and blood vessels. b. produces melanin. d. consists mostly of dead cells. 2. Which of the following is secreted by oil glands in the skin? a. melanin b. sebum c. keratin d. sweat 3. Which of the following is not a function of the layer of fat cells beneath the dermis? a. produces oil c. absorbs shock b. provides an energy reserve d. insulates the body 4. Hair and nails are composed primarily of a. sebum b. glands c. keratin d. all of the above 5. Sweat glands a. secrete sebum in to the blood stream. c. stimulate hair follicle. b. help maintain a steady body temperature. d. insulate the body. Short Answer-Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. Describe the functions of the two types of exocrine glands found in the dermis. A. B. 2. Describe five functions of the integumentary system: A. B. C. D. E. Page 7 of 8
3. Provide two functions of keratin in the epidermis: A. B. 4. How does exposure to ultraviolet light influence melanin production in the skin? 5. How are hair and nails similar in structure? 6. Describe the functions of the sensory neurons in the dermis. 7. What causes freckles and pigmented moles? STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Use the figure below to answer the following questions. Page 8 of 8