Name: Period: Reading Guide Chapter 16: Social Psychology Attribution, Attitudes, and Actions (pg. 673-679) 1. Social Psychologists: 2. Attribution Theory (Fritz Heider): 3. Fundamental Attribution Error: 4. What cultures do not make the fundamental attribution error as much? 5. Self-serving bias: 6. Attitudes: 7. Give an example of how your attitude effects your actions. 8. Peripheral route persuasion: 9. Central route persuasion: 10. Foot-in-the-door phenomenon: Fact Check: Door in the face Your book doesn t talk about this concept, but Robert Cialdini has also researched door-in-the-face technique as a method of persuasion. In this technique, the persuader attempts to convince someone to comply with a request by first making an extremely large request that the respondent will obviously turn down (with a door-in-the-face SLAM!). This makes the person more likely to agree to a second, more reasonable request. Cialdini asked students to volunteer to counsel juvenile delinquents for two hours a week for two years. After their refusal, they were asked to chaperone juvenile delinquents on a one-day trip to the zoo. Another group was asked only about the zoo. 50% of the first group agreed to the zoo trip, compared to 17% in the second group.
11. Social role: Example: 12. Summarize Zimbardo s Stanford Prison Experiment. 13. Festinger s Cognitive Dissonance Theory: Social Influence: Conformity and Obedience (pg. 680-686) 1. What is the chameleon effect? 2. Conformity: 3. Summarize Asch s Conformity Experiments. 4. List 4 reasons that make people more likely to conform. Fact Check: Remember that conformity and compliance are different! Compliance means to change your behavior because of a DIRECT request from someone. When you conform you change your behavior because of unspoken, social pressure. 5. Normative Social Influence: 6. Informative Social Influence: 7. Summarize Milgram s Obedience Experiments. 2
8. Explain how the foot-in-the-door effect explains Milgram s experiment results. 9. Why is Milgram s obedience study considered to be unethical? (2 reasons) Social Influence: Group Influence (pg. 687-691 ) 1. Social Facilitation: 2. How does the difficulty of the task impact our performance in front of others? Fact Check: When your performance is ENHANCED because of the presence of the group, it is called SOCIAL FACILIATION. When your performance is HINDERED because of the presence of the group, it is called SOCIAL INHIBITION. 3. Social Loafing: 4. What 3 things cause social loafing? 5. Deindividuation: 6. Group Polarization: 7. Groupthink: 8. What is the difference between social control and personal control? 9. What is minority influence? 10. Culture: 3
11. Norms: Social Relations: Prejudice and Discrimination (pg. 691-697) 1. Prejudice: 2. Prejudice is a 3 part mixture of: 3. Stereotypes: 4. Ethnocentrism: 5. Discrimination: 6. Give an example of how subtle prejudice lingers even though overt prejudice might be gone. 7. Read the Close-up on Automatic Prejudice. If you want to take the test they talk about (www.implicit.harvard.edu). It s pretty fascinating how we do have automatic prejudices still today! Nothing to write down for this though. 8. Just-world phenomenon: 9. Ingroup: 10. Outgroup: 11. Ingroup Bias: 12. Scapegoat Theory: 13. Other-race effect: 14. Hindsight bias (look up definition if have to): Aggression (pg. 698-705) 1. Aggression: 2. What are the 3 levels of biology involved in aggression? 3. What parts of the brain are involved in human aggression? 4
4. What chemical influences aggression? 5. Frustration-aggression principle: 6. Social scripts: 7. Explain the social script example of the rape myth. 8. After reading about violent video games, what do you believe do violent video games cause teenagers to become more violent? Attraction (pg. 705-712) 1. Proximity: 2. Mere Exposure Effect: 3. List 4 different aspects to attractiveness in all of the studies the book describes. 4. What does the reward theory of attraction say? 5. Passionate Love: 6. Companionate Love: 7. Equity: 8. Self-disclosure: Altruism, Conflict, and Peacemaking (pg. 712-719) 1. Altruism: 2. Explain what happened to Kitty Genovese. 5
3. Describe Darley & Latané s research. What did they find? How do psychologists explain their results? 4. Bystander Effect: 5. Social Exchange Theory: 6. Reciprocity Norm: 7. Social-Responsibility Norm: 8. Conflict: 9. Social Traps: 10. Mirror-image perceptions: 11. Self-fulfilling prophecy: 12. When does it help to put conflict parties into close contact? 13. Way to promote cooperation: Superordinate goals: 14. Describe Mazafer Sherif s study. How did Sherif use superordinate goals to unite the boys? 15. GRIT strategy: 6