Name: Period: Chapter 14 Reading Guide Psychological Disorders Introduction to Psychological Disorders (pg. 593-600) 1. List AND describe the 3 definitions of abnormal. A. Understanding Psychological Disorders Causes 2. Medical Model: 3. What do psychologists who believe in the biopsychosocial approach believe is the cause of disorders? o What is the evidence of this belief? B. Classifying Psychological Disorders 4. Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders [NOTE: DSM-5 WAS RELEASED in 2015]: o What is this used for? 5. What do critics say against the DSM? C. Labeling Psychological Disorders 6. What can happen when we label a person with a disorder? (read this whole section before answering!) 7. Do you think your opinion of someone or the way you interact with them would change if you found out they had a disorder? Explain. 8. What are the benefits of diagnostic labeling?
Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (pg. 601-608) 1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): a. What does it mean that the anxiety of GAD is free-floating? 2. Panic Disorder: 3. Specific Phobia: 4. Social Anxiety Disorder 2015 (social phobia): 5. Agoraphobia: 6. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) [2015 moved into own category]: 7. When does OCD cross the line between normal and disorder? 8. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): [2015 NO LONGER CONSIDERED AN ANXIETY DISORDER, categorized as Trauma & Stressor Related Disorders ] 9. What determines whether a person suffers PTSD after a traumatic event? A. Understanding Anxiety Disorders 10. Explain how we learn fear from the learning perspective. 11. Give an example of how an anxiety disorder might have been passed down from our biological ancestors. 12. What 2 neurotransmitters might be involved in anxiety? Somatoform & Dissociative Disorders (pg. 608-611) [NOW CALLED SOMATIC SYMPTOM DISORDERS] A. Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders 1. Somatic Symptom Disorder 2015 (somatoform disorder): 2. Conversion Disorder: 2
3. Illness Anxiety Disorder 2015 (Hypochondriasis): B. Dissociative Disorders 4. Dissociative Disorders: 5. Dissociative amnesia (including fugue): 6. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): 7. What was the old name for DID? 8. Why do some people believe that DID is NOT a real disorder? 9. What evidence is there that DID IS a real disorder? Mood Disorders (pg. 611-621) 1. Mood Disorders: 2. What could be some biological reasons to developing depression after traumatic events? 3. Major-Depressive Disorder: 4. What are the symptoms of depression? 5. Mania: 6. Bipolar Disorder: 7. Give some examples of behaviors someone would have during their manic phase. 8. Who is more at risk for depression men or women? Explain why a difference exists. 9. Give 1 piece of evidence that genetics is involved in experiencing depression. 3
10. What neurotransmitter is scarce during depression and overabundant during mania? 11. What second neurotransmitter is also probably involved in depression? 12. What is learned helplessness? 13. What kinds of thought patterns do people with depression have? There are 3, list them all. 14. Draw Figure 14.8 below. Schizophrenia (pg. 621-628) 1. Schizophrenia: 2. Psychosis: 3. Delusions: o Example: 4. What is word salad? 5. Hallucinations: o Example: 6. Explain what it means that disorganized thoughts may result from a breakdown in selective attention. 7. What is a flat affect? 8. What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia? 9. What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia? 4
10. What neurotransmitter is linked to schizophrenia? Too little or too much? 11. What parts of the brain are effected by schizophrenia? 12. What evidence exists that schizophrenia is caused by a maternal virus during mid-pregnancy? 13. What evidence exists that schizophrenia is genetically based? Personality Disorders (628-630) 1. Personality Disorders (PD): 2. What does each cluster of personality disorders focus on? A: B: C: 3. Avoidant PD: 4. Schizoid PD: 5. Histrionic PD: 6. Narcissistic PD: 7. Antisocial PD: 8. Why do most criminals not have Antisocial Personality Disorder? 9. How are the nervous systems of those with Antisocial Personality Disorder different? Rates of Psychological Disorders (631-633) 1. What percentage of adults in America suffer from a mental disorder in a given year? 2. What are 5 risk factors for mental disorders? (see Table on pg. 632) 5
Chapter 15 Reading Guide Treatment of Abnormal Behavior Introduction to Therapy and the Psychological Therapies (pg. 637-650) 1. Psychotherapy: 2. Biomedical Therapy: 3. Eclectic Approach: 4. What are the 4 types of psychological therapies or talk therapies? A. Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Therapy 1. Psychoanalysis: o Founder of this therapy: 2. What is the goal of this therapy? Techniques of Psychoanalysis 3. Free association: 4. Resistance: 5. Interpretation: 6. Transferring or Transference: 7. Why is this type of therapy not really used anymore? 8. Psychodynamic therapy: Humanistic Therapies 1. Insight therapies: 2. How is psychoanalytic therapy different from humanistic therapy? 3. Client-Centered Therapy: a. Founder of this therapy: 4. What 3 characteristics do therapists have to exhibit? 5. Active listening: 6
6. Unconditional positive regard: Behavior, Cognitive, and Group Therapies 1. Behavior Therapy: 2. How is behavior therapy different from psychodynamic and humanistic therapies? 3. Counterconditioning: 4. Exposure therapy: 5. Systematic desensitization: a. Person who created both techniques: 6. Explain an example of how you would use both of these therapies with a social anxiety. 7. Virtual reality exposure therapy: 8. Aversive conditioning: a. Example: 9. Does aversive conditioning work? (be sure to explain short vs. long run) 10. How does behavior modification work? 11. Token economy: Cognitive Therapies 1. Give examples of disorders that are best treated by cognitive therapy. 2. Cognitive Therapies: 7
3. Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT): a. Person who created this: 4. Explain how Aaron Beck would treat depression. 5. Stress inoculation training: 6. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): 7. What types of disorders are best treated by CBT? Group and Family Therapies 1. Group Therapy: 2. Family Therapy: 3. What is one of the most famous self-help groups? 4. What is the advantage of group therapy? Evaluating Psychotherapies (pg. 650-659) 1. After doing meta-analysis studies, what is the general conclusion about the effectiveness of therapy? 2. Evidence-based practice: 3. What does a therapist do during eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR)? 4. What are the 3 benefits of all forms of therapy? 5. Therapeutic alliance: The Biomedical Therapies (pg. 660-669) A. Drug therapies 1. Psychopharmacology: 2. What needs to be used when testing a new drug to make sure it is actually effective and people are not just getting results due to the placebo effect? 8
3. Antipsychotic drugs: a. Example name of antipsychotics: 4. Antianxiety drugs: a. Example names of antianxiety drugs: 5. What is the criticism of antianxiety drugs? 6. Antidepressant drugs: 7. What other disorders are antidepressants used for? 8. What neurotransmitters do antidepressants effect? 9. What does SSRI stand for? 10. What disorder are mood stabilizing drugs mostly used to treat? 11. What is the name of the salt that is a mood stabilizer? B. Brain Stimulation & Psychosurgery 1. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): 2. What is ECT used to treat today? 3. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rtms): 4. What disorder is rtms used to treat today? 5. Psychosurgery: 6. Lobotomy: 9