Warm-Up Distinguish between an element and a compound. Element Compound
Warm-Up Distinguish between an element and a compound. Element Cannot be broken down into anything smaller Found on the Periodic Table Represented by a Chemical Symbol Carbon C Hydrogen H Oxygen O Sodium Na Chlorine Cl Compound More than one kind of element chemically combined Represented by a Chemical Formula Water H 2 0 Sodium Chloride NaCl (table salt)
BIG IDEAS Digestion
Organic vs. Contains the element carbon (C) Often includes other elements such as hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) SHOPN Examples: C 6 H 12 O 6 (glucose) CH 4 (methane gas) C 3 H 6 O 3 (lactic acid) Food Plants & Animals Is or once living Carbohydrates - energy: bread, fruit, vegetables Proteins - structure: meat Lipids energy storage, cell membrane: fats, oils Nucleic Acid: DNA Inorganic RARELY contains the element carbon (C) Examples: CO 2 (carbon dioxide) NaCl (table salt) H 2 O (water) Rocks Sun Never living
So why should I care about organic compounds? Organic compounds are broken apart and recycled by the body to function and grow
Organic or Inorganic?
Group Talk Describe the difference in organic and inorganic compounds? Organic Contains CARBON Is or was LIVING Food, plants, animals Inorganic Rarely contains carbon Never alive Rock, Water, CO 2 (carbon dioxide)
Card Sort Sort the cards into categories Inorganic or Organic Finish first with all right to win!
Physical vs. Chemical SAME substance Change in appearance or location AKA Mechanical digestion Examples: Crushing, grinding, tearing food with teeth Swallowing food Peristalsis: pushing or squeezing of food Bile breaks fat into tiny fat droplets Absorbing water or nutrients Digestion NEW substance Change in properties Indicators: color change, gas released, sound, light, temperature change Examples: Enzymes, saliva, and stomach acid help to break bonds of compounds to form simpler substances Saliva in mouth breaking down carbohydrates Pepsin breaks down protein in the stomach Energy transformations
Physical or Chemical?
Group Talk Describe the difference in CHEMICAL and PHYSICAL changes in digestion? Chemical New substance Change in properties (sound, heat, light, color, gas) Involves chemicals, enzymes, acid, saliva, pepsin, energy Physical Mechanical digestion Same substance Change in appearance or location Peristalsis, squeezing, tearing, swallowing
Card Sort Sort the cards into categories Physical or Chemical Changes Finish first with all right to win!
LARGE MOLECULES small molecules Large molecules must be broken down into small molecules to be absorbed by the body Mouth (finished in small intestines) - Carbohydrates (starches) are large molecules that are broken down into simple sugars by salivary amylase (saliva) Stomach - Proteins are broken down into amino acids by pepsin Small Intestines - Lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol by lipase
A closer look at absorption Food is absorbed (taken in) to the body in the small intestine. The walls of villi of the small intestine have small holes in them. Only small particles can pass through it: Small Intestines starch G starch starch G G G G G Inside the Body (blood vessel) Large particles (starch) are left in the small intestines and small particles (glucose) go through into the blood. starch The blood (circulatory) delivers the nutrients/energy to all body cells
Carbohydrate Digestion (link to video)
Energy Transformations in organisms Food/body has stored chemical energy All energy transformations are chemical changes Digestion (as bonds of large molecules are broken) Chemical energy Thermal /Heat energy Any time you MOVE Chemical energy Mechanical energy AND Mechanical energy Heat/Thermal energy Photosynthesis Radiant energy Chemical energy
Law of Conservation of ENERGY cannot be created or destroyed, only rearranged Organisms must eat to obtain energy/matter MATTER cannot be created or destroyed, only rearranged Organisms recycle or chemically change food (matter) for their needs
Group Talk Why does your body break down large molecules? To get them small enough to absorb and to use as building blocks for new cells Describe an energy transformation in digestion? Chemical Thermal
Digestion Video
Reflection Illustrate and describe digestion.
Reflection Illustrate and describe digestion. Digestion begins in the mouth with large organic molecules, like carbohydrates. Saliva and other enzymes chemical break down the molecules until they are small enough to be absorbed and used by the body.