Empowered lives. Resilient Nations. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs) PROVINCIAL PROFILE / WESTERN PROVINCE / 2013
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MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs) PROVINCIAL PROFILE / WESTERN PROVINCE / 2013 1
Western Province Status at a Glance MDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger TARGET: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people living in extreme poverty Indicator Current Data * 2015 Target Will target be achieved under the present trend Proportion of population living in extreme poverty (%) 64 1 39 2 Significant reforms and investments needed Poverty gap ratio 42.7 3 31.1** Significant reforms and investments needed Gini coefficient 0.47 4 0.34** Significant reforms and investments needed TARGET: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people Employment to population ratio 92.3 5 TARGET: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age (%) 9.4 6 12.9 7 Yes MDG 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education TARGET: Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling Primary school net enrolment ratio (%) 94.8 8 100** Acceleration Required Pupils reaching Grade 7 80.2 9 100** Significant reforms and investments needed Literacy rates: 15-24-year-olds (%) 82 10 100** Significant reforms and investments needed MDG 3: Promote Gender Equality TARGET: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015 Ratio of girls to boys in primary education 0.98 11 1** Yes Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education 0.85 12 1** Significant reforms and investments needed MDG 4: Reduce Child Mortality TARGET: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate U-5 mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) 130 13 70 14 Significant reforms and investments needed Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) 82 15 44 16 Significant reforms and investments needed One-year-olds immunized against measles (%) 87 17 100** Acceleration Required 2
MDG 5:Improve maternal health TARGET: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio Indicator Current Data * 2015 Target Will target be achieved under the present trend Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births) 786 18 162.3** Significant reforms and investments needed Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 42.1 19 - MDG 6: Combat HIV&AIDS, Malaria and other major diseases TARGET: Have halted, by 2015, and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence rate (%) 15.2 20 <15.6** Yes Proportion of 15-24 year old females with comprehensive, correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%) 32.5 21 Proportion of 15-24 year old males with comprehensive, correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%) 27.4 22 Ratio of school attendance of orphans to non-orphans (10-14 year olds) 1.2 23 1** Yes TARGET: Have halted, by 2015, and begun to reverse, the incidence of malaria and other major diseases New malaria cases per 1,000 population 160 24 255** Acceleration Required Malaria fatality rate per 1,000 population 42 25 11** Significant reforms and investments needed Households with ITNs (%) 74.7 26 MDG 7: Ensure environmental sustainability TARGET: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation Proportion of population without access to an improved water source (%) 50.8 27 25.5** Significant reforms and investments needed Proportion of population without access to improved sanitation facilities (%) 92.6 28 13** Significant reforms and investments needed 3
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Western Provincial Profile Overview Population The Western province covers a total land surface area of 126,386 1 km 2 and the province shares borders with Angola and Namibia. Within the country, the provincial shares boundaries with North Western, Southern and Central provinces. The province consists of seven (07) districts 2 with the exception of the newly created ones, namely; Kalabo, Kaoma, Lukulu, Mongu and Senanga. Sesheke and Shang ombo are among other districts in the province. Mongu is the provincial capital and semiurbanised. The province s population is estimated at 902,974 3 people (See figure 1). The population increased by 18.0% between the 2000 and 2010 censuses. According to the 2010 census, males make up 48.0% (433,505) 4 of the provincial population whilst females account for 52.0% (469,469). From the total population, 86.7% live in rural areas whilst 13.3% live in urban areas of the province. The average population growth rate for the province (1.7%) 5 makes it the least growing province in the country. 5
Figure 1: Population growth and change in population density, Western province 1969-2010 902,974 Growth rate Population Density 756,088 5.8 410,087 486,455 638,756 2.5% 1.8 2.5% 2.4 4.6 3.8% 3.1 2.9% 2.2% 1969 1980 1990 2000 2010 1969 1980 1990 2000 2010 Source: CSO, Census of population and housing1990, 2000, and 2010, CSO, Zambia In terms of population growth at district level, Shang ombo has the fastest population growth rate of 2.9%, followed by Sesheke 2.4%, and Lukulu 2.3% while Senanga and Kaoma have an annual population growth rate of 1.5% respectively. Kalabo has a population growth rate of 1.2% while Mongu, the provincial capital has the least share of the total provincial population with an annual average growth rate of 1.0% in the province (see table 1). Table 1: Population growth and change in population density, Western 2000 and 2010 Western province Districts Population 2000 Population 2010 Population growth Rate (2000-2010) Kalabo 114,806 128,904 1.2 Kaoma 162,568 189,290 1.5 Lukulu 68,375 86,002 2.3 Mongu 162,002 179,585 1.0 Senanga 109,119 126,506 1.5 Sesheke 78,169 99,384 2.4 Shang ombo 70,049 93,303 2.9 Western Province 765,088 902,974 1.7 Source: CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Population Summary Report, CSO, Zambia 6
Western province has a population density of 7.1 6 persons per km 2 from an estimated 6.1 persons per km 2 in 2000. At district level, Mongu is the most densely populated district in the province (17.8 persons per km 2 ), followed by Kaoma and Senanga with the population density of 8.1 persons per km 2 respectively. Kalabo has a population sensity of 7.4 persons per km 2, followed by Shang ombo (6.5 persons per km 2 ) and Lukulu (5.3 persons per km 2 ). Among all the districts in the province, Sesheke has the lowest population densities of 3.4 persons per km 2 (see table 2). The population age structure for the province shows that a large percentage of the population 49.5% are 15-64 years, among those 48.4% live in rural areas while 56.9% live in urban areas (see figure 2). The youth population aged 15-24 years account for 19.6% of the provincial population. Table 2: Population density by district, Western, 2010 Districts Land size (km 2) Population Person per km 2 Kalabo 17,526 128,904 7.4 Kaoma 23,315 189,290 8.1 Lukulu 16,292 86,002 5.3 Mongu 10,075 179,585 17.8 Senanga 15,537 126,506 8.1 Sesheke 29,272 99,384 3.4 Shang ombo 14,369 93,303 6.5 Western Province 126,386 902,974 7.1 Source: CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Population Summary Report, CSO, Zambia 7
Figure 2: Population by rural and urban and age group, Western, 2010 Rural Urban 783,123 371,690 378,930 48,539 148,032 29,150 68,187 32,503 3,125 119,851 Below 15yrs 15-24 yrs 15-64 yrs 65 + yrs Western Province Statistics adapted from: CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Population Summary Report, CSO, Zambia The province has a total of 180,179 households, an increase of 19.8% from 150,420 households in the 2000 census. Of the 180,179 households, 67% (120,726) are male headed while females head 33% (59,453) of households. The average household size for the province is 5.0 persons. Figure 3: Number of households and sex of head of household, Western 2010 180,179 120,726 59,453 Total Male Female Source: CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Population Summary Report, CSO, Zambia 8
The MDGs in Western Province 9
MDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Halve between 1990 and 2015 the proportion of people living in extreme poverty Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Proportion of population living in extreme poverty (%) 39 64 Poverty gap ratio 31.1 42.7 Gini coefficient 0.34 0.47 Table 3: Incidence and levels of poverty, Western 2010 Indicator Percentage Poverty incidence 80.4% Extremely poor 64.0% Moderately poor 16.4% Source: LCMS 2010 The incidence of poverty has declined from 83.3% in 2006 to 80.4% in 2010 representing a decline of 2.9%. The province registered a small decline in the incidence of extreme poverty between 2006 and 2010. It declined by 0.6% from 64.6% in 2006 to 64.0% in 2010. At the same time, the proportion of the population moderately poor has declined from 18.7% in 2006 to 16.4% in 2010 7. The incidence of poverty is generally higher in rural than urban areas and varies among households. Female headed households are generally the worst affected. Poverty is also highest among those with lower education, the unemployed and non-farming communities. The poverty gap ratio in the province has declined from 48.9% in 2006 to 42.7% 8 in 2010. 11
Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Employment to population ratio *** 92.3 Figure 4: Labour force participation rate, formal and informal employment, Western, 2012 79.6% 94.6% 82.0% 0.5% 5.4% 4.4% Labour force growth rate Labour force participation rate Formal sector employment Informal sector employment Agriculture informal employment Unemployment rate Statistics adapted from: CSO (2012) Preliminary Results of the 2012 Labour Force Survey, CSO, Zambia Western province has an average annual labour force growth rate of 0.5% 9. According to the labour force survey 2012, Western province labour force participation rate is 79.6%, a 2.3% increase from 77.3% in 2008. In terms of employment by sector, the majority 94.6% depend on the large informal sector for employment while the remaining 5.4% 10 are engaged in the formal sector. Additionally, distribution of employment by sector indicates that of the population engaged in the informal sector, 82% are engaged in agriculture while 18% 11 depend on nonagriculture for livelihoods. As regards formal sector employment, 6.3% 12 are engaged in agriculture while 93.7% depends on non-agriculture activities. Unemployment rate for the province stands at 4.4%, a 1.9% decline from 6.3% in 2008. Looking at sex differentials, the proportion of the unemployed is higher among males 4.6% than females 4.1%. Access to water provides the rural communities with small-scale farming opportunities, which is a major source of livelihoods and income in addition to fishing and auxiliary services. 12
Halve between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age (%) 12.9 9.4 Figure 5: Child health and malnutrition, Western 2006 and 2010 45% 2006 2010 39.6% 17% 9.4% 4.5% 5.9% Underweight Stunting Wasting Statistics adapted from: CSO (2010) Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report 2006-2010, CSO, Zambia In terms of child health, Western province experiences similar child health problems like other provinces such as stunting, underweight and malnutrition exacerbated by insufficient dietary intake. The incidence of underweight children under the age of five has dropped from 17.0% in 2006 to 9.4% 13 in 2010. However, the incidence of stunting increased by 5.4% from 39.6% in 2006 to 45.0% in 2010. Wasting has however remained stubbornly high in the province and increased by 1.4% from 4.5% in 2006 to 5.9% in 2010 14. Inadequate dietary intake among children underfive is the main cause of child underweight although other factors such as poor and intermittent child feeding contributed to the problem. The prevalence of underweight for under-fives is exacerbated by poverty and inadequate dietary intake and is highest among the extremely poor households. Incidences of underweight are also prevalent among households with family size of 5 to 6 members and among mothers that have not completed/attained primary education. 13
MDG 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Primary school enrolment ratio (%) 100 94.8 Pupils reaching grade seven (7) 100 80.2 Literacy rates (15-24 years old (%) 100 82.0 Western province has made steady progress in primary school enrolment and literacy rates. The literacy rate amongst people five years and above in the province is 61.6%. Youth literacy 15 was estimated at 82.0% in 2010 and the literacy rate for adult population 15 years and older was 72.5%. The primary school net enrolment ratio is estimated at 94.8% whereas 80.2% of pupils are estimated to reach grade seven (7) in the province. Figure 6: Literacy levels by age group, Western 2010 82% 61.6% 72.5% 5+ years 15-24 yrs 15+ yrs (adults) Statistics adapted from: CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 15
Primary school attendance is estimated at 29.6% for those aged 5 years and older and 72.9% 16 for the age group 7 to 13 years. Gross primary school attendance stands at 89.7% while the net primary school attendance is 67.1% 17, suggesting a significant number of learners attending primary school are above the official age group. On average, it is estimated that 41.2% of the population (25 years and older) have completed primary school in the province. As regards secondary education, gross attendance in the province was 57% in 2010 while the net attendance rate was 36.6%. Only 21% of the people aged 25 years and older are estimated to have completed secondary education and 5.8% tertiary education. Figure 7: School attendance, primary and secondary and gender parity index, Western, 2010 Primary Secondary 57% 89.7% 72.9% 67.1% 36.6% 29.6% 41.2% 21% 0.98% 0.85% 5+ yrs 7-13 yrs Gross primary school attendance Net primary school attendance Population completed primary school Gender parity index Gender parity index Population completed secondary school Net secondary school attendance Gross secondary school attendance Statistics adapted from CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 17
MDG 3: Promote Gender Equality Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015 Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Ratio of boys to girls in primary school 1.00 0.98 Ratio of boys to girls in secondary school 1.00 0.85 The gender parity index of the province, estimated at 0.98 shows that there are more boys than girls in primary education in the province. Despite this, it is worth noting that the index is very close to 1 and that the province can achieve gender parity in primary education. The secondary school gender parity index, at 0.85, however reveals that there are significant numbers of women who are not progressing to secondary school. Unequal access to education is generally driven by inequality associated with access to income and varies among households. Poor households are three to four times less likely to meet the cost of education for both secondary and tertiary levels. The statistics also suggest that the practice, especially in most rural communities, of sending the boy child to school in preference to the girl child contributes to this inequality. This is in addition to other factors such as early girl child pregnancies and early marriages. A girl child in rural communities in Zambia is three to four times more likely to have never attended school than a boy child. 19
MDG 4: Reduce Child Mortality Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Under-5 mortality rate (deaths per 1000 live births) 70 130 Infant mortality Rate (deaths per 1000 live births) 44 82 One year old immunised against measles (%) 100 87 Trends for the province show a significant drop in both child and under-five mortality. For example, in the year 2000, child mortality was 111 18 deaths per 1000 live births. This has now dropped to 49 deaths per 1000 live births in the province. The incidence of under-five mortality has reduced by 103 from 233 deaths per 1000 live births in 2000 to 130 deaths per 1000 live births in 2010 19. The drop may be attributed to an increase in health facilities in the province, increased uptake of family planning and increased number of births delivered within hospital settings. However, inequalities with regard to access to health care services still exist in rural communities. Figure 8: Infant, child and under-five mortality, Western 2010 233 137.6 140 111 130 61.5 76.2 49 82 Zambia 2010 Western 2000 Western 2010 Child Mortality Under-Five Mortality Infant Mortality Rate Statistics adapted from CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 21
Infant mortality has also reduced from 140 deaths per 1000 live births in 2000 to 82 deaths per 1000 live births in 2010. However, it is unlikely that Western province will meet its MDG target to reduce infant mortality to 44 deaths per 1000 live births by 2015. Similarly, the target of reducing under-five mortality to less than 70 deaths per 1,000 live births is unlikely to be met by 2015. The province however is doing well in terms of child immunization coverage which was estimated at 87% in 2010, up from 77% in 2009. Figure 9: Child immunisation coverage, Western 2008-2010 85% 87% 77% 2008 2009 2010 Statistics adapted from: Ministry of Health, Zambia (2010) Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 2010, Ministry of Health, Zambia 23
MDG 5: Improve Maternal Health Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births) 162.3 786 Proportion of births attended by skilled personnel *** 42.1 Table 4: Antenatal coverage and number of antenatal visit among pregnant women, Western 2008-2010 Antenatal Care 2008 2009 2010 Antenatal Coverage 103 84 84 Antenatal visits 2.3 2.2 2.2 Source: Ministry of Health, Zambia (2010) Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 2010, Ministry of Health, Zambia Among the 10 provinces, Western province has the highest maternal mortality ratio in the country. Currently, the maternal mortality ratio is 786 20 deaths per 100,000 live births, four-times above the MDG national target of 162.3 deaths per 100,000 live births. One of the major causes is the high incidence of unsupervised deliveries. According to the Ministry of Health 2010 annual statistical bulletin, 41% of all deliveries were unsupervised, while traditional birth attendants attended to 5% deliveries and institutional deliveries accounted for 54% total deliveries in the province. As of 2010, the province had a total of 45 doctors, 84 clinical officers and 497 nurses supported by 129 midwives. The health worker ratio in the province also remains low at 83 health workers per 100,000 population. Antenatal coverage dropped from 103 in 2008 to 84 in 2010. The fluctuation may be attributed to uneven coverage of sensitization programme, limited knowledge among pregnant women, reduction in outreach and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission programmes (PMTCT) Programmes. Antenatal visits have remained relatively low but stable from the period 2008 to 2010.The provision of antenatal care recommends at least 12 antenatal visits with the assumption that more visits result in better care for pregnant women. It is during this period when the clinic provides early detection of problems relating to the pregnancy. 25
MDG 6: Combat HIV & AIDS, Malaria and other diseases Halve halted, by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV and AIDS Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data HIV prevalence rate (%) 15.6 15.2 Proportion of 15-24 year old females with comprehensive, correct knowledge of HIV (%) *** 32.5 Proportion of 15-24 year old males with comprehensive, correct knowledge of HIV (%) *** 27.4 Ratio of school attendance of orphans and vulnerable children (10-14) years old 1 1.2 Malaria cases per 1000 population 255 160 Malaria fatality rate per 1000 population 11 42 Households with insecticide treated nets (%) *** 74.7 The HIV prevalence rate in the province is estimated at 15.2%. Of those, 14.6% (20,084) are on antiretroviral treatment. Additionally, the total number of people who know their HIV status increased from 102,560 in 2009 to 162,071 in 2010 representing an increase of 58%. Currently, the province has a total of 23 health facilities providing antiretroviral services to adult and children who are on treatment. The proportion of the population 15 to 24 years with comprehensive and correct knowledge about HIV in the province is higher among females 32.5% than males 27.4%. However, knowledge does not always equal prevention and the population 15 to 24 years remains highly at increased risk of HIV and AIDS. Analysis of trends in the rate of school attendance among orphans and vulnerable children who had lost both parents due to AIDS showed that the school attendance ratio of orphans to non-orphans aged between 10 and 14 years old in the province was 1.2. 27
The high burden of communicable water related diseases also presents other health challenges in the province. For example, the incidence of malaria is very high in the province although it declined by 130 cases from 325 cases per 1000 population in 2008 to 195 per cases 1000 population in 2009. In 2010, Malaria incidence dropped to 160 cases per 1000 population. Malaria case fatality rate per 1000 admissions also declined in the period 2008 and 2009. It declined from 43 cases per 1000 admission in 2008 to 30 cases per 1000 admissions in 2009. In 2010, however, Malaria case fatality rate increased to 45 cases per 1000 admission. This may be attributed to an increase in flooding resulting in high mosquito breeding. However, only 74.7% of the households have access to insecticide treated mosquito nets while 25.3% do not have insecticide treated mosquito nets in the province. In some households, mosquito nets have been used in fishing activities defeating their intended purpose in the prevention of malaria through mosquito bites. Figure 10: Malaria incidence and case fatality rate, Western 2008 2010 325 195 160 43 30 42 2008 2009 2010 Malaria incidence Malaria case fatality rate Statistics adapted from: Ministry of Health, Zambia (2010) Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 2010, Ministry of Health, Zambia 29
MDG 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability Halve, by 2015 the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation Provincial Targets Indicator Target Current data Proportion of population without access to an improved water source (%) 25.5 50.8 Proportion of population without access to improved sanitation (%) 13 92.6 A large number of households in Western province have no access to safe drinking water. Many draw water from unprotected wells while the rural poor particularly those living proximity to streams and rivers draw water from streams and rivers making them susceptible to ill health. Most of the water from the streams and rivers is largely unsafe for household use. Inequalities between rural and urban exist largely in the supply of clean water where the rural poor have no access to municipal water supply. There still are 50.8% 21 of the households in the province that is without access to an improved water source. This means that from a total of 180,179 households, 91,531 households do not have access to an improved water source. Only 49.2% or 88,648 households have access to an improved water source; therefore, Western province is unlikely to meet MDG 7 target. In terms of sanitation, the majority of the households (92.6% or 166,846 households) do not have access to an improved sanitation. Lack of good and improved sanitation is often associated with outbreaks of communicable diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. However, diarrhoea incidences are quite high in the province with incidence rates of 65 cases per 1000 population in 2008, increasing to 79 cases per 1000 in 2009 22. With the increase in poor sanitation, the diarrhoea incidences keep going up and as of 2010 the province recorded 82 cases per 1000 population. As regards access to electricity, the majority 93.9% (169,188) 23 of households do not have access to electricity despite the province being connected to the national grid. Only a small proportion 6.1% (10,991) households have access to electricity. The rural and urban poor depend largely on the natural resources where forest provide an important livelihoods source of energy where 83.9% of the population rely on firewood and 13.7% on charcoal for cooking. This clearly shows how forest is over-exploited and likely to induce other environmental related impacts such as soil erosion, climate change and reduced natural habitat and rain cycles. 31
Endnotes: 1. CSO, (2010) Census of Population and Housing, CSO Population Summary, 2010. 2. This Profile does recognise the fact that new districts have been created in the province but however, data is not currently available for the new district hence these districts have been treated as part of their former. 3. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 4. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 5. CSO, (2010) Census of Population and Housing, CSO Population Summary, 2010. 6. CSO, (2010) Census of Population and Housing: Population Summary Report. CSO, Lusaka. 7. CSO (2010) Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report 2006-2010, CSO, Zambia 8. CSO (2010) Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report 2006-2010, CSO, Zambia 9. This is the ratio of the economically active population to the working age population expressed as a percentage. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 10. CSO, (2012) Preliminary Results of the 2012 Labour Force Survey. CSO, Lusaka 11. CSO, (2012) Preliminary Results of the 2012 Labour Force Survey. CSO, Lusaka 12. CSO, (2012) Preliminary Results of the 2012 Labour Force Survey. CSO, Lusaka 13. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 14. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 15. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 16. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 17. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 18. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 19. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 20. CSO (2010) Zambia Census of Population and Housing, Analytical Report, CSO, Zambia vol. 11 21. CSO (2010) Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report 2006-2010, CSO, Zambia 22. Ministry of Health, Zambia (2010) Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 2010, Ministry of Health, Zambia 23. CSO (2010) Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report 2006-2010, CSO, Zambia 32
Endnotes for the provincial status at a glance table 1 2010, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS), Central Statistics Office 2 This target was calculated based on the extreme poverty levels in 1990 which were 51% for Copperbelt Province according to the Central Statistics Office (1991) Social Dimensions of Adjustments, Priority Survey 1. To get to the 2015 provincial target, the proportion of people living in extreme poverty must reduce by half. 3 2010, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS), Central Statistics Office 4 2012, Zambia Economic Brief Recent Economic Developments and the State of Basic Human Development for Children, World Bank 5 2010, Census of population and housing, Central Statistics Office 6 2010, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS), Central Statistics Office 7 This target was calculated based on the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (1992/93) on under-five Children who were classified undernourished according to three anthropometric indices of nutritional status: height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age. By 1990, 22.7% of children under five were underweight in Copperbelt Province. To get the 2015 provincial target, the proportion of children under five must reduce by half. 8 2010, Educational Statistical Bulletin (ESB), Ministry of Education 9 2010, Educational Statistical Bulletin (ESB), Ministry of Education 10 2010, Census of Population and Housing: Analytical Report, Central Statistics Office 11 2010, Census of Population and Housing: Analytical Report, Central Statistics Office 12 2010, Census of Population and Housing: Analytical Report, Central Statistics Office 13 2010, Census of Population and Housing: Analytical Report, Central Statistics Office 14 This target was calculated based on the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (1992/93) Under-five Mortality Rates which were 144 deaths per 1000 live birth for Copperbelt Province. To get the 2015 target, this must reduce by two thirds. 15 2010, Census of population and housing, Central Statistics Office 16 This target was calculated based on the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (1992/93) Infant Mortality Rates which were 69 deaths per 1,000 live births for Copperbelt Province. To get the 2015 target, this must reduce by two thirds. 17 2010, Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 18 2010, Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 19 2007, Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 20 2007, Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 21 2007, Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 22 2007, Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 23 2007, Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 24 2010, Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 25 2010, Annual Health Statistical Bulletin 26 2010, Zambia national Malaria Indicator Survey 27 2010, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report, Central Statistics Office 28 2010, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report, Central Statistics Office ** National target. Provincial target could not be calculated due to limited baseline data; however national MGD target was used instead. Photo Credit: Smith / UN Communications Group / 2012 Printed by New Horizon Printing Press, Lusaka, Zambia
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