The following lesson on contraception (birth control) is not intended to infer that you will be sexually active as a teen. This is information that may be used in the future
Abstinence Choosing not to have sex! Choose to abstain from all sexual activity! Abstinence is the only 100% sure method for preventing pregnancy or contracting STD s
Barrier Methods Prevent the sperm from reaching the egg Spermicides Male Condom Diaphragm/ Cervical Cap Sponge Female Condom
ANATOMY
Spermicides Available over the counter More effective if used with a condom Cream, foam, suppositories or jelly inserted into the vagina Contains the chemical nonoxynol-9 which kills or incapacitates the sperm
Sponge The sponge is inserted into the vagina and covers the cervix blocking sperm from entering the cervix.! The sponge also contains a spermicide.! It is available OTC (over the counter)! Leave in place for two hours after sex.! Use a new sponge after each use.
Available OTC Worn on the penis during sexual activity Prevents the sperm from entering the vagina Effective in preventing the spread of STDs If not used properly they lose their effectiveness Male Condoms They must be used consistently and correctly
! How do you put a condom on correctly? The condom should be put on before any genital contact. Some STDs can be transmitted without intercourse, through genital (skin-to-skin) contact. Also, pre-cum can contain semen and STDs (including HIV) so you need to wear a condom the whole time from beginning to end, each and every time. To open the package, tear gently on the side (not with teeth or scissors, which could rip the condom itself). Pull the condom out slowly (with care) to prevent ripping. The rolled condom should be placed over the head of the penis when it is hard. Pinch the tip enough to leave a half-inch space for semen to collect. Holding the tip, unroll the condom all the way to the base of the penis. The condom should fit snugly but not too tight so that it won t slide off or break during intercourse. If you start to put on a condom inside-out, don t use it. Throw it away and use a new one. You ll know it s inside out because it won t roll down the length of the penis easily. If the condom rips at any time, throw that one out and use a new one.
Female Condom Available OTC Lubricated rubber pouch that is inserted into the vagina Two rings: one covers the cervix (like a diaphragm) the other covers the labia (outside) Prevents sperm from entering the vagina
Diaphragm Also called Cervical Cap Requires a prescription from a physician Rubber disk coated with spermicide Inserted into the vagina Covers cervix and prevents sperm from entering the uterus
Altering Female Hormones Contraception -The Pill -The Shot -The Ring -IUD -The Patch -EC -The Implant What are some of the side effects of hormone type contraceptives? These methods may cause nausea, weight gain, irritability, depression, and mid-cycle bleeding There are some serious side effects associated with these methods (including blood clots, stroke, high blood pressure, and liver tumors) Talk with your doctor when deciding whether or not to use these
Oral Contraceptives("The Pill") Woman takes daily for 3 weeks. On week 4 she has her period.! Week 4 pills are sugar pills that contain NO hormones.! Contains hormones estrogen/progestin! Works mainly by preventing the ovary from releasing an egg (ovulation) 99 % effective Need Doctors prescription Doesn t prevent against STDs
The implant- Implanon A single-rod subdermal implant (by physician) is inserted under the skin of a woman's upper arm! Releases a low, steady dose of the hormone progestin (stops ovulation) & thickens cervical mucus and thin the lining of the uterus (endometrium) Good for three years.
Contraceptive Patch ("The Patch") Thin plastic patch about the size of a matchbook Contains hormones to stop ovulation! New patch each week. *After placing the third patch, a resting period follows, to allow for the menstrual period
Depo-Provera ("The Shot") A shot that a woman gets 4 times a year (every 12 weeks)! Contains hormone that prevent the ovary from releasing an egg! Also Depo-Provera causes the cervical mucus to thicken and changes the uterine lining, making it harder for sperm to enter or survive in the uterus Woman who take Depo- Provera often experience lighter periods or they stop.
Vaginal Contraceptive Ring ("The Ring") A small, flexible plastic ring - about 2 inches wide! Woman places in her vagina over cervix for three weeks! Removed after third week for menstruation! Contains hormones that prevent the ovary from releasing an egg Not a barrier method, Doesn t prevent STDs
IUD (non-copper) Intrauterine Device Very effective Small T shaped piece of plastic placed by a Physician in the uterus Contains hormones that stops ovulation Can remain in uterus for many years (up to 10)
Emergency Contraception "EC or Plan B Sometimes called "the morning after pill! Prevents pregnancy up to 5 days after unprotected sex! The sooner EC is taken, the more effective it is! It is not an abortion pill. EC works mainly by preventing the ovary from releasing an egg.! EC is considered safe
WHAT PLAN B ONE-STEP IS NOT It's not RU-486 (the abortion pill) It won't work if you're already pregnant It will not harm an existing pregnancy It isn't intended to be regular birth control and should not be used that way It's not as effective as regular birth control used consistently and correctly so it's important to have another reliable source of birth control that's right for you It won't protect you from HIV infection (the virus that causes AIDS) or any other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
PLAN B ONE-STEP IS! The first emergency contraceptive FDA-approved to be available in the aisle A backup plan that helps prevent pregnancy from happening after unprotected sex or birth control failure and is not for routine use For use within 72 hours (3 days) after sex, but the sooner you take it, the better it works Contains levonorgestrel, the same ingredient used in many birth control pills prevents ovulation Just one pill, so you get what you need right away
The Rhythm Method also Fertility Awareness Abstain from sexual intercourse when egg is present in female Can be effective if used and planned properly Problem is timing the menstrual cycle and when ovulation occurs Closer to the onset of puberty the more irregular the ovulation cycle is. Many factors can change the ovulation timing (stress, diet). Sperm can live up to 4 days so the couple must abstain for a minimum of 7 days
Rhythm Method con t Ovulation most often happens in the middle of the menstrual cycle on or close to day 14 of the normal 28 day cycle But ovulation can happen anytime as hormone levels change
Withdrawal The man pulls his penis out of his partner's vagina just before ejaculation! Withdrawal is not recommended!!!!!!!!!!! Why? Some semen (pre-ejaculation fluid) is released prior to ejaculation and conception can occur