Drug Prices Report Opioids Retail and wholesale prices * and purity levels,by drug, region and country or territory (prices expressed in US$ )

1 / 11 Region/Subregion/ Country Africa Eastern Africa Kenya Madagascar Mauritius Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Northern Africa Algeria Egypt Libya Morocco Sudan Southern Africa Botswana Burkina Faso Drug Specifics Typical RETAIL LEVEL Drug Prices Report Opioids Retail and wholesale prices * and purity levels,by drug, region and country or territory (prices expressed in US$ ) WHOLESALE LEVEL Price Purity Price Purity Range Range Range Range Unit Year Typical Year Typical Unit Year Typical low high low high low high low high Heroin 2.9 4.9 5.9 Gram 2015 Heroin Heroin no 3 16,145.4 12916.6 19,374.8 Kilogram 2004 40 40 2004 Heroin Heroin no 4 22,604 19374.8 25,833.1 Kilogram 2004 Heroin 17 34 Gram 2015 Pharmaceutical opioids Buprenorphine 32.9 26.4 49.4 Tablet 2010 Heroin 329.4 263.5 494 Gram 2010 Heroin Heroin no 4 316.5 474.7 Kilogram 2009 5 5 2009 Heroin Heroin no 3 12.5 10 15 Gram 2005 30,000 25000 30,000 Kilogram 2005 Heroin Heroin no 4 17.5 15 20 Gram 2005 Heroin Heroin no 3 13.6 9.1 27.3 Gram 2015 22,727.3 20454.5 27,272.7 Kilogram 2015 Heroin Heroin no 4 13.6 9.1 27.3 Gram 2015 22,727.3 20454.5 26,000 Kilogram 2015 Heroin 116.7 93.4 140.1 Gram 2015 6 2 10 2015 84,049.1 74710.3 93,387.9 Kilogram 2015 5 1 1 2014 Opium 12.8 15.3 Kersh 2015 3192.8 3,831.4 OKA (Egyptian) 2015 Heroin 12.8 15.3 Gram 2015 15325.7 15,964.2 Kilogram 2015 Heroin 39,370.1 23622 55,118.1 Kilogram 2005 Heroin 75.9 70.9 81 Gram 2015 7.3 6.4 7.5 2015 Opium 0.4 Gram 2005 Heroin 70 65 80 Gram 2014 50 45 55 2014 Heroin 72.8 67.2 100.8 Gram 2008 10 10 20 2005 Year

2 / 11 Africa Southern Africa Cameroon Congo Côte d'ivoire Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Liberia Namibia Nigeria South Africa Swaziland Togo Zambia Zimbabwe Americas Heroin 29.9 Gram 2005 Heroin 9.2 9.2 18.4 Gram 2006 9,270.2 9270.2 11,124.3 Kilogram 2004 Heroin 18.9 16.8 21.1 Gram 2009 27 25 30 2009 18,948.5 16843.1 21,053.9 Kilogram 2009 Heroin 92.2 64.5 129 Gram 2006 2 5 2006 92,170 Kilogram 2006 Heroin Heroin no 3 18,789.1 16701.5 20,876.8 Kilogram 2007 Heroin 0.8 1.2 Booster 2008 50.2 2013 Heroin Heroin no 4 22000 27,000 Kilogram 2008 89 88 88 2008 Heroin 17.5 15 20 Gram 2005 17,500 15000 20,000 Kilogram 2005 Heroin Heroin no 4 13,000 12000 13,000 Kilogram 2006 Heroin 67.3 63.8 70.8 Gram 2008 Heroin Heroin no 3 9.2 2006 Heroin Heroin no 4 7.3 2006 Heroin Heroin no 3 4.8 3.4 6.8 Gram 2009 50 40 60 2009 20,780 20390 21,180 Kilogram 2006 Heroin Heroin no 4 6.8 6.8 8.1 Gram 2009 60 50 70 2009 Heroin 16.4 13.1 19.6 Gram 2015 Heroin 30.1 34.4 Gram 2014 30120.5 34,423.4 Kilogram 2014 Heroin Heroin no 3 35.9 33.6 40.4 Gram 2008 35 45 2008 15,684 13443.5 17,924.6 Kilogram 2008 45 45 2008 Opium 8.9 8.7 8.9 Gram 2004 Heroin 26.5 25.5 27.4 Gram 2009 26,455 25475.2 27,434.8 Kilogram 2009 Heroin 27.1 18.1 29.3 Gram 2007 Caribbean Bermuda Heroin 175 Gram 2006 Dominican Republic Heroin 16.2 Gram 2014 16,192 Kilogram 2014

3 / 11 Americas Caribbean Trinidad and Tobago Northern America Canada Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Mexico Panama United States of America Heroin 128.8 Gram 2006 12,880 Kilogram 2006 Opium 51.6 43 55.9 Gram 2014 21,555.8 20618.6 23,430.2 Kilogram 2013 Heroin 257.9 154.8 300.9 Gram 2014 50 5 95 2010 Heroin Brown 84,348.6 74976.6 103,092.8 Kilogram 2013 Heroin 77.2 Gram 2006 35 95 2006 15000 18,000 Kilogram 2015 78 2013 Heroin 69 65 70 Gram 2006 34.5 49.9 2012 69,000 45000 69,000 Kilogram 2010 85 80 80 2015 Opium 1.5 Gram 2008 1,527.4 Kilogram 2008 Heroin 49.9 39.4 52.5 Gram 2015 95 90 95 2009 50,541.2 50000 51,000 Kilogram 2015 85 90 90 2009 Heroin 5.3 2.6 7.9 Gram 2004 63 50 75 2004 19,000 Kilogram 2008 85 85 2005 Opium 2,027 Kilogram 2010 Heroin 35,000 Kilogram 2015 Heroin Heroin no 4 90 2006 Heroin 10,000 Kilogram 2005 Opium 34 28 40 Gram 2004 31,500 28000 35,000 Kilogram 2005 Heroin Heroin South America Argentina Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru Black tar heroin South American heroin 20 300 Gram 2015 17 2015 12000 100,000 Kilogram 2015 45 2015 25 400 Gram 2015 35 2015 10000 100,000 Kilogram 2015 60 2015 Heroin Southwest Asia 120 300 Gram 2015 23 2015 50000 85,000 Kilogram 2015 34 2015 Heroin 110,000 100000 120,000 Kilogram 2004 Heroin 50 30 70 Gram 2005 50,000 Kilogram 2005 Opium Latex 694.5 Kilogram 2015 Illicit morphine 3,746.1 Kilogram 2015 Heroin 20.7 2.7 61 Gram 2015 63 27 98 2015 5,523.9 Kilogram 2015 Heroin 12,500 12000 15,000 Kilogram 2011 Opium 1,500 1500 1,600 Kilogram 2011

4 / 11 Americas South America Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Asia Heroin 11.6 9.3 13.9 Gram 2006 15 2006 9,300 Kilogram 2006 90 2006 Near and Middle East /South-West Asia Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Georgia India Iran (Islamic Republic of) Israel Opium 0.4 0.3 4.3 Gram 2013 150 Kilogram 2015 Heroin 4.9 Gram 2015 2,229.5 Kilogram 2015 Heroin High purity 3,294.5 Kilogram 2015 Heroin Heroin no 3 75 70 80 2004 85 70 70 2004 Heroin Heroin no 4 75 70 80 2004 90 85 85 2004 Pharmaceutical opioids Subutex (buprenorphine) Poppy plants Poppy straw 80 Gram 2011 130 150 Tablet 2015 100000 130,000 1000 tablets 2015 Opium 50 60 Gram 2015 40000 50,000 Kilogram 2015 Illicit morphine 15 20 Ampoule 2011 Heroin 100 150 Gram 2015 70 65 75 2009 50000 100,000 Kilogram 2015 60 60 2005 Opium 12.5 10 15 Gram 2014 5,000 3000 7,000 Kilogram 2014 Heroin 25.6 32 Gram 2015 18,000 15000 20,000 Kilogram 2014 Heroin Brown 13,000 10000 15,000 Kilogram 2014 Heroin 239.6 213 266.2 Gram 2009 239,616.6 212992.6 266,240.7 Kilogram 2009 Opium 2 1.5 2.5 Gram 2005 1,500 1300 1,500 Kilogram 2006 Heroin Heroin no 3 125 110 140 Gram 2008 4 3 5 2008 Pharmaceutical opioids Buprenorphine 350 370 Tablet 2014 350 370 Tablet 2014 Opium 40000 60,000 Kilogram 2014 Heroin Brown 600 650 Gram 2014 0.9 83 2014 Heroin 600000 650,000 Kilogram 2014 Other illicit opioids 9,309.5 7240.7 10,343.8 Kilogram 2009 5 5 2009 Opium 1.2 1.1 2 Gram 2015 6 2 9 2015 903.6 753 1,506 Kilogram 2015 8 4 4 2015 Illicit morphine 4.5 2.3 6.8 Gram 2015 20 2 40 2015 3,012.1 1506 4,518.1 Kilogram 2015 20 5 5 2015 Heroin 22.6 15.1 37.6 Gram 2015 20 2 40 2015 15,060.2 7530.1 22,590.4 Kilogram 2015 20 5 5 2015 Opium 1 0.3 1.6 Gram 2009 531.3 1,087.4 Kilogram 2015 Illicit morphine 4,653 Kilogram 2010 Heroin 20 Gram 2015 5 20 2005 5,740 Kilogram 2015 30 30 2005 Heroin 21 100 Gram 2011 22,534.1 19315 25,753.3 Kilogram 2015

5 / 11 Asia Near and Middle East /South-West Asia Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lebanon Maldives Nepal Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Opium 21 18.2 28.1 Gram 2009 7,855.6 6312.5 8,416.7 Kilogram 2009 Heroin 35.1 28.1 49.1 Gram 2009 14,027.8 11222.2 16,833.4 Kilogram 2009 Opium 8.8 5 gram 2015 30 25 40 2015 737.5 Kilogram 2015 50 35 35 2015 Heroin 17.7 200 milligram 2015 10 6 13 2015 14,749.3 Kilogram 2015 20 15 15 2015 Opium 103.1 137.5 Gram 2005 Heroin 137.5 137.5 206.2 Gram 2005 50 50 60 2005 Opium 25 20 30 Gram 2015 20 10 40 2015 1,400 1200 1,600 Kilogram 2015 30 20 20 2015 Heroin 20 21 Gram 2015 10 2 15 2015 5000 12,000 Kilogram 2015 30 15 15 2015 Opium 8 15 Gram 2012 1000 1,500 Kilogram 2012 Heroin 10 8 20 Gram 2015 70 65 85 2012 12,000 8000 15,000 Kilogram 2015 70 65 65 2015 Heroin 77.8 Gram 2006 76,930 Kilogram 2006 Opium 453.1 377.6 528.6 Kilogram 2007 Heroin Heroin no 3 32.3 38.8 Gram 2009 50 40 60 2006 9,061.4 7551.2 15,102.3 Kilogram 2007 50 40 40 2006 Heroin Heroin no 4 64.6 Gram 2009 80 70 90 2006 22,653.5 18122.8 27,184.2 Kilogram 2007 70 60 60 2006 Heroin 51.8 51.8 134.1 Gram 2007 23,306.4 20716.8 31,075.2 Kilogram 2007 Heroin Heroin no 3 70 2005 Opium 0.8 0.6 0.9 Gram 2015 380.5 322 439 Kilogram 2015 Illicit morphine 1.7 1.2 2.2 Gram 2015 845 600.9 1,089 Kilogram 2015 Heroin 5.9 4.9 6.9 Gram 2015 2,968.8 2469.5 3,468.1 Kilogram 2015 Pharmaceutical opioids Tramadol 82.4 109.9 Unit 2015 Opium 41.2 Gram 2015 Heroin 329.6 412 Gram 2015 Opium 40 40 40 Gram 2015 56,000 26666.7 93,333.3 Kilogram 2008 Heroin 66.7 93.3 Gram 2015 45,333.3 26666.7 66,666.7 Kilogram 2008 Opium 10.4 Gram 2015 8,330.4 Kilogram 2015 Heroin 41.6 Gram 2015 31,239.2 Kilogram 2015 Heroin Heroin no 3 36 40 2009 Opium 4 3 5 Gram 2007 3,000 Kilogram 2008 Heroin 16 14 18 Gram 2007 30 50 2007 15,000 13000 17,000 Kilogram 2008 45 45 2008 Opium 4 2 6 Gram 2007 400 700 Kilogram 2015

6 / 11 Asia Near and Middle East /South-West Asia Tajikistan Heroin 2 7 Gram 2009 9.6 24.2 2015 4000 6,000 Kilogram 2015 34 34 2015 Turkmenistan Opium 77.2 60.1 94.3 Gram 2014 53,925 39900 67,950 Kilogram 2014 Heroin 245 175 316 Gram 2012 188,400 122800 254,000 Kilogram 2012 United Arab Emirates Opium 130 150 Gram 2008 3000 4,500 Kilogram 2008 Heroin Heroin no 4 160 170 Gram 2008 15000 16,000 Kilogram 2008 Uzbekistan Poppy plants Poppy straw 1.7 0.5 3 Gram 2009 100 50 150 Kilogram 2009 Opium 4 25 Gram 2013 1500 20,000 Kilogram 2015 Heroin 12 50 Gram 2013 15000 30,000 Kilogram 2015 East and South-East Asia Brunei Darussalam Heroin 1330.4 Gram 2007 Cambodia Opium 1,200 Kilogram 2011 Heroin 27000 30000 Kilogram 2014 34 78 2015 40,000 Kilogram 2015 50 50 2011 China Opium 1.8 1 3 Gram 2004 21,000 6500 80,000 Kilogram 2005 Heroin 77.1 Gram 2015 37 3.4 80.8 2015 54,618.5 Kilogram 2014 55 2.2 2.2 2015 Indonesia Opium 29.2 26.6 31.9 Gram 2006 Opium Dry 26881.7 32,258.1 Kilogram 2005 Heroin 115 Gram 2015 40 30 50 2012 82,044.8 67566.3 96,523.2 Kilogram 2009 40 30 30 2012 Japan Opium 83 Gram 2015 Heroin 498.1 Gram 2015 229,622 Kilogram 2008 Lao People's Democratic Republic Opium 1980 Kilogram 2015 1,855 Kilogram 2014 Heroin 33000 Kilogram 2015 12,000 10000 14,000 Kilogram 2004 Hong Kong SAR, China Heroin 95.7 87.9 104.9 Gram 2015 55 44 61 2013 49,137.9 47603.7 51,152.1 Kilogram 2015 Macao SAR, China Heroin 50 37 62 Gram 2015 Malaysia Pharmaceutical opioids Codeine 111.8 Litre 2015 Opium 4657.1 Kilogram 2015 6,540 Kilogram 2011 Heroin Heroin no 3 7.1 Gram 2014 3,099.2 2789.3 3,409.1 Pound 2010 10 10 2014 Heroin 7 5 10 2011 Myanmar Opium 1.4 0.1 1.5 Gram 2010 414 Kilogram 2014 Heroin 53.9 Gram 2015 40,000 20000 60,000 Kilogram 2012

7 / 11 Asia East and South-East Asia Philippines Republic of Korea Singapore Thailand Viet Nam Europe Eastern Europe Belarus Republic of Moldova Russian Federation Ukraine Opium 3.9 Plants 2006 4,337.6 Kilogram 2007 Heroin 116.2 Gram 2006 116,166.5 Kilogram 2006 Opium 33.9 22.6 45.3 Gram 2015 17,210 Kilogram 2015 Heroin 117.8 Gram 2015 Pharmaceutical opioids Buprenorphine 66.3 73.7 Tablet 2010 Heroin 18.6 24.8 1/2 gram 2015 3.6 2015 Heroin Heroin no 3 2691.2 2,762 Pound 2015 3.8 2015 Opium 2.1 Gram 2006 519.7 779.5 Kilogram 2015 Heroin 69.3 Gram 2015 81.8 78.1 85.5 2009 9146.3 12,472.3 700 gram 2015 Heroin Heroin no 4 80 20 20 2008 Opium 350 320 380 Kilogram 2005 Heroin 16,000 14000 18,000 Kilogram 2005 Opium 5 2 7 Gram 2007 1,000 800 7,000 Kilogram 2007 Heroin 40 35 50 Gram 2013 27 25 30 Gram 2013 Other illicit opiates Acetylised opium 7564 Kilogram 2013 Poppy plants Poppy straw 450 Kilogram 2013 Opium Raw and prepared 7,564 Kilogram 2013 Heroin 181.5 Gram 2014 136,157 Kilogram 2014 Other illicit opiates Acetylised opium Pharmaceutical opioids Fentanyl (3- methylfentanyl) 27.4 1.9 91.7 Gram 2011 1,291.9 170.9 5,127 100 gram 2011 66.5 31.7 296.7 Gram 2011 3,796.3 1709 6,836 100 gram 2011 Pharmaceutical opioids Methadone 170 44.4 381 Gram 2011 11,317 239.3 22,216.9 100 gram 2011 Other illicit opioids Desomorphine 11.5 3.8 31.7 Gram 2011 605.8 6.4 2,222.2 Kilogram 2011 Opium 6.3 Gram 2015 3,450.2 Kilogram 2015 Illicit morphine 24.4 22.3 25.9 Gram 2010 14,485.1 9913.8 18,836.1 Kilogram 2010 Heroin 30.4 Gram 2015 7 0.5 15 2013 17,940.9 Kilogram 2015 25 1.5 1.5 2013 Opium 10 14 Gram 2014 4 3.6 4.5 Millilitre 2015 Heroin 54 50 130 Gram 2014 90,000 85000 125,000 Kilogram 2009 Heroin Brown 55 36 55 Gram 2014 Heroin White 36 45 Gram 2014

8 / 11 Europe Eastern Europe Ukraine South-Eastern Europe Albania Andorra Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland Heroin Heroin no 3 20 20 2007 Heroin Heroin no 4 65 65 2007 Heroin 23 27.4 Gram 2015 18052.5 24,070 Kilogram 2015 Heroin Brown 4 1 7 2014 46 46 46 2014 Heroin 54.8 48.7 60.9 Gram 2007 54,795 48700 60,900 Kilogram 2007 Opium 10.7 16 Gram 2013 6668.3 12,002.9 Kilogram 2013 Heroin 43.8 10.9 65.7 Gram 2015 13.7 0.1 58.5 2015 27,352.3 19693.7 43,763.7 Kilogram 2015 Heroin Brown 14.1 0.1 0.1 2014 Heroin White 33 33 33 2014 Heroin 24.2 7 73 Gram 2015 22 15 30 2015 17,505.5 13129.1 21,881.8 Kilogram 2015 Heroin 26.3 32.9 Gram 2014 4 3 5 2013 22,975.9 21881.8 24,070 Kilogram 2015 11.8 2 2 2015 Opium 16 2009 Heroin 24.6 21.9 27.4 Gram 2015 30 20 40 2014 17,505.5 16411.4 18,599.6 Kilogram 2015 50 40 40 2014 Heroin 72.9 66.2 79.5 Gram 2010 10.2 1.2 44.9 2013 22,520.1 18546 26,494.3 Kilogram 2010 16.1 2 2 2013 Opium 27.9 14 34.9 Gram 2011 Heroin 64.4 141.8 Gram 2012 20004.8 26,673.1 Kilogram 2013 Opium 5.9 11.8 Gram 2008 2941.2 5,882.4 Kilogram 2008 Heroin Brown 40.1 28 80.2 Gram 2015 5.4 80.2 2015 29540.5 32,822.8 Kilogram 2015 13.8 13.8 2014 Heroin Heroin no 2 (Heroin base) 102.6 73.3 146.6 Gram 2015 43,988.3 21994.1 58,651 Kilogram 2015 Heroin HCL 51,319.7 43988.3 73,313.8 Kilogram 2015 Pharmaceutical opioids Fentanyl (3- methylfentanyl) 13.3 20 Dose 2013 5.6 2.3 7.9 2013 200.1 293.4 Kilogram 2013 6.2 3.9 3.9 2013 Other illicit opioids 13.2 13.2 19.7 Dose 2014 5.1 1 7.6 2014 197.4 263.2 Gram 2014 5.2 2.2 2.2 2014 Heroin 12.9 19.3 Dose 2012 20 20 20 2012 Heroin Heroin no 4 44417.9 88,835.8 Kilogram 2009 37 18 18 2009 Pharmaceutical opioids Buprenorphine 54.7 32.8 109.4 Tablet 2015 10940.9 27,352.3 1000 tablets 2015 Other illicit opioids 34.8 166.9 Gram 2009 Heroin 164.1 109.4 218.8 Gram 2015 59 34 71 2015 5,334.6 100 gram 2013 41 9 9 2014

9 / 11 Europe South-Eastern Europe France Germany Gibraltar Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Kosovo/Serbia Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Montenegro Netherlands Opium 18.9 Gram 2006 Heroin 38.3 29.5 49.2 Gram 2015 15 2014 16,411.4 12035 21,881.8 Kilogram 2015 Heroin Brown 17 2012 Opium 15.3 13.1 16.4 Gram 2015 4,540.5 Kilogram 2015 12.9 2012 Heroin 54.9 27.7 80 Gram 2015 19.1 1.7 62.9 2015 36,378.6 18756 40,872 Kilogram 2015 36.5 0.8 0.8 2015 Heroin 92.4 Gram 2008 Opium 7.1 3.3 10.9 Gram 2015 4,923.4 3282.3 6,564.6 Kilogram 2015 Heroin White 27.4 21.9 32.8 Gram 2015 21,881.8 16411.4 27,352.3 Kilogram 2015 Heroin Brown 24.6 16.4 32.8 Gram 2015 17,505.5 13129.1 21,881.8 Kilogram 2015 Heroin 15 2012 51.7 8.1 8.1 2014 Heroin 17.6 10.6 88.3 Gram 2015 25 15 50 2015 13,159.5 164493.4 19,739.2 Kilogram 2014 30 15 15 2015 Heroin 153.2 Gram 2015 43 5.6 50 2014 43,763.7 Kilogram 2015 22.1 3 3 2012 Heroin Brown 42.6 38.7 46.4 Gram 2015 17.5 15 20 2015 20,575.5 17480.1 23,670.9 Kilogram 2015 70 60 60 2015 Heroin White 62.5 57.8 67.2 Gram 2015 38,097.8 33604.3 42,591.4 Kilogram 2015 Heroin Heroin dose 21.9 27.4 600 milligram 2015 Heroin 1 2012 18599.6 24,070 Kilogram 2015 Poppy plants Poppy straw 8.8 Cc 2006 Opium 8.8 Gram 2005 Heroin 109.4 65.7 153.2 Gram 2015 13 2 29 2015 43,763.7 Kilogram 2015 Heroin 40.4 35.3 50.5 Gram 2015 25 2009 Opium 3 1.8 3.6 Gram 2005 Heroin 55.2 21.9 87.5 Gram 2015 23 0.2 56.5 2014 45,514.2 16411.4 65,645.5 Kilogram 2015 18 0.1 0.1 2013 Heroin 61 23 136.8 Gram 2015 13.5 0.9 58.7 2015 Heroin Heroin no 3 31,450.9 Kilogram 2005 Heroin 68.4 26.3 100 Gram 2014 20 15 2014 39,741.4 Kilogram 2010 25 20 20 2014 Heroin 21.9 21.9 27.4 Gram 2015 4 2 11 2015 25,164.1 24070 31,728.7 Kilogram 2015 Heroin 46.7 Gram 2013 0.1 65 2008 22,078.6 Kilogram 2010

10 / 11 Europe South-Eastern Europe Norway Poland Portugal Romania Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Opium 41.7 Gram 2009 11124.1 16,686.1 Kilogram 2009 Heroin 92.1 92.1 92.1 Gram 2015 19 2015 28,775.3 23020.3 34,530.4 Kilogram 2015 40 20 20 2008 Heroin 44 38.8 64.7 Gram 2015 20 15 30 2011 38,789.8 Kilogram 2015 25 20 20 2011 Opium 51.5 Gram 2007 Heroin 34.2 Gram 2013 13.1 2 40 2014 27921.3 34,901.6 Kilogram 2011 24.1 13.8 13.8 2014 Opium 9.8 19.7 Gram 2015 6564.6 8,752.7 Kilogram 2015 Heroin 49.2 54.1 Gram 2015 10.4 48 2015 13129.1 21,881.8 Kilogram 2015 49.9 49.9 2015 Heroin 71 Gram 2014 2.2 54.4 2014 25400 28,225 Kilogram 2014 60 40 40 2008 Heroin 64.7 80.1 Gram 2015 12 10 15 2013 16,752.8 9772.4 20,941 Kilogram 2011 7 5 5 2011 Heroin Brown 32.8 21.9 54.7 Gram 2015 12.7 3.4 55.7 2015 27,352.3 15317.3 27,352.3 Kilogram 2015 24.7 5.4 5.4 2015 Heroin 63.4 Gram 2015 33 2015 35,137.9 Kilogram 2015 43 2015 Opium 184 Gram 2008 Heroin Brown 119.5 95.6 239 Gram 2015 46225 69,337.4 Kilogram 2013 Heroin White 209.1 95.6 209.1 Gram 2015 Heroin 23 0.5 63 2015 Heroin Heroin no 2 (Heroin base) Pharmaceutical opioids Methadone 4.8 Dose 2010 55 40 40 2009 Heroin 60.5 20.2 121.1 Gram 2015 15 0.2 88 2015 27,245.2 18163.5 40,363.3 Kilogram 2015 62 57 57 2015 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Turkey United Kingdom Opium 691.9 629 754.8 Kilogram 2005 Heroin Heroin dose 5.5 8.8 200 milligram 2015 Heroin 24.1 Gram 2015 24,070 Kilogram 2015 Opium 9.4 46.9 Gram 2014 2,397 2055.4 2,740.5 Kilogram 2007 15.6 0.1 0.1 2010 Illicit morphine 55.4 46.9 46.9 2010 Heroin 3.4 186.9 Gram 2015 34.3 0.1 93 2015 1698.9 33,978 Kilogram 2015 51.5 23.8 23.8 2015 Opium 15.5 23.3 Gram 2014 9316.8 15,528 Kilogram 2014 Heroin Heroin no 2 (Heroin base) United Kingdom (England and Wales) 74.1 59.3 88.9 Gram 2015 44 1 96 2015 40,000 35555.6 44,444.4 Kilogram 2015 49 1 1 2015 Heroin 42.7 1 85 2008 47.4 3 3 2008

11 / 11 Oceania Oceania Australia New Zealand Illicit morphine 2.3 0.1 4.4 2013 Heroin 294.2 122.2 447.9 Gram 2014 22.4 6.5 57.4 2014 234,120.5 228013 240,228 Kilogram 2014 56.7 0.4 0.4 2015 Pharmaceutical opioids Codeine 0.8 Milligram 2014 Opium 77.9 Gram 2014 Illicit morphine 0.7 1 Milligram 2015 Heroin 687.8 Gram 2015 Comments # Comment * Price data may differ from data as reported due to conversions made by UNODC. Prices are collected in local currency but are presented here in US dollars for the purposes of comparability among countries. The conversion into US dollars is based on official UN rates. However, comparisons of prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may not necessarily reflect changes in the local markets. While the same price can be meaningfully expressed in various units (e.g. per kilogram, per gram), the purchase unit as presented here (and as requested in the ARQ) is intended to approximate, to the extent allowed by the availability of information, the level at which transactions occur; thus a retail price, for example, would normally be expressed per gram even if reported per kilogram. On the other hand, the reporting unit is not converted if it is believed to represent the actual transaction level, except that non-standard units are converted when possible to the nearest available metric unit.