FACT SHEET TAJIKISTAN (REPUBLIC OF)

FACT SHEET TAJIKISTAN (REPUBLIC OF) Territory: 142,600 sq. km. Source: Tajikistan in Figures 2014, Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2014 Borders: Afghanistan - 1,344 km China - 495 km Kyrgyzstan - 987 km, Uzbekistan - 1,333 km Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan 1 Population (thousands) 2011 Total 7,754 7,931 8,112 8,296 8,482 8,669 15-64 aged 4,760 4,886 5,015 5,145 5,272 5,370 Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision DRUG SEIZURES Trends in drug seizures Opioids: Heroin (kg) 515.28 483.86 507.55 498.95 88.79 Opium (kg) 626.90 774.05 990.44 1,079.29 611.54 Illicit morphine(kg) 3.95 - - n/a - Pharmaceutical opioids: Methadone - 105 grams 14 grams n/a - Cannabis-type: Marijuana (herb, kg) 2,515.93 2,640.56 2,007.57 910.08 617.30 Hashish (resin, kg) 2,316.78 2,788.07 2,708.09 2,188.03 2,108.74 Cannabis plants (pieces) 2,180,121 2,030,796 1,339,574 1,546,776 2,445,469 ATS: Methamphetamine (kg) 62.99 - - - - Amphetamine (tablet) - - - - 172 Ecstasy-type substances: MDMA (tablet) 21,740 6 2 2,590 11,233 3 13,165 Cocaine-type: Cocaine (grams) - - - 29 - Sedatives and Tranquillizers: Barbiturates: n/a Phenobarbital (tablet) 172 408 2,025 n/a n/a 1 http://mfa.tj/en/general-information/general-information.html 2 DCA defined these tablets as ecstasy-type substances in the ARQ 2013 3 Drug Situation in Tajikistan 2015, Report, Drug Control Agency, Dushanbe, 2016 Updated March 2017 1

Trends in drug seizures Benzodiazepines: Diazepam (tablet) 9,027 tabs, 10 ampules 52 - n/a n/a Phenazepam (tablet) 10 50 10 n/a n/a Non-specified (tablet) - - - n/a n/a Substances not under international control: Piperazines: MCPP 4 (tablet) - 2,031 - n/a n/a Non-specified drug group: Hydrargyrum (grams) - 442 - n/a n/a Pharmaceuticals (tablet) - 340 5 - n/a n/a Trends in precursor seizures Acetic anhydride (kg) - - - - - Sulphuric acid (kg) 11.7 - - 33,390 lt 6 65.064 Hydrochloric acid (kg) 9 - - - n/a Share of law enforcement agencies in drug seizures (as per cent of total drug seizures) Drug Control Agency (DCA) 15.4 14.0 15.8 21.8 25.9 Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) 42.8 45.1 45.2 43.2 52.5 Custom Service (CS) 1.1 2.4 1.8 3.2 0.9 State Committee for National Security (SCNS, including the Border Guards) 39.9 38.3 37.2 31.6 17.4 Others 0.9 0.2 0.001 0.2 3.4 Total (DCA, MIA, CS, SCNS, others) 100 100 100 100 100 International and Controlled Delivery operations 2012 2013 7 2014 2015 2016 Total international operations 37 18 23 n/a 11 including Canal operations (CSTO) Drug-related criminal cases 13 8 n/a 1 n/a n/a Drug seized by LEAs of Tajikistan 465.2 n/a 666 n/a n/a Tajikistan DCA-Afghanistan LEAs 28 9 6 17 20 5 (Jan-Jun) Drugs seized in Afghanistan (kg) 3,500 430.4 2,285.8 840.3 94.27 Heroin (kg) 228.6 5.0 66.0 115.4 67.7 Opium (kg) 2,806 405.5 2,012.2 571.7 16.0 Cannabis (kg) 517.1 19.9 207.7 153.3 10.57 Heroin labs dismantled in 7 4 n/a 1 n/a Afghanistan Detained drug smugglers 37 8 n/a 19 n/a 4 meta-chlorophenylpiperazine 5 Digoxin 6 Drug Control Agency, Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan in 2015, p.36 7 Drug Control Agency, The Registration of Drug Offences, Drug Seizures and Others in the first half-year 2013, http://rus.akn.tj 8 Drug Control Agency, Drug Situation in Tajikistan, January-September 2013, http://rus.akn.tj 9 Drug Control Agency, Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan in 2012, 2013, p.66. Updated March 2017 2

International and Controlled Delivery operations 2012 2013 7 2014 2015 2016 Controlled delivery operations 7 10 7 5 n/a including: Tajikistan Afghanistan n/a n/a n/a 5 10 1 11 (Jan-Jun) Seized drugs in the country (kg) n/a n/a n/a 140.2 n/a Heroin n/a n/a n/a 1.0 n/a Opium n/a n/a n/a 51.0 n/a Hashish n/a n/a n/a 88.3 10,570 Tajikistan Russian Federation (RF) - 1 1 2 2 Seized drugs in the country (kg) - 12.4 1.5 31 (in RF) 18.4 Heroin - 11.9 1.5 - n/a Cannabis group - 0.5 - - n/a Tajikistan - Kazakhstan - - - 1 - Seized drugs in the country (kg) - - - 39.1 - Cannabis group - - - 39.1 - Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan 2 1 12 1 1 n/a Seized drugs in the country (kg) 10.8 3.3 1.0 175 n/a Heroin 3.8 3.3 1.0 175 n/a Cannabis group 7.0 - - - n/a Detained drug smugglers n/a 1 n/a 3 n/a Tajikistan - China n/a 1 13 1 14 0 n/a Seized drugs (kg) n/a 3.5 181 0 n/a Heroin n/a 3.5 22 0 n/a Opium n/a - 18 0 n/a Cannabis group n/a - 140 0 n/a Detained drug smugglers n/a 2 15 38 0 n/a Source: Central Asian Regional Information and Coordination Center (CARICC), Drug Control Agency and Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Tajikistan National operations Kuknor (Black Poppy) Total crimes recorded n/a 276 601 441 562 With intent to sell n/a 143 315 326 446 Smuggling n/a 28 n/a 10 22 Illicit cultivation n/a - - 8 8 Brothel maintenance n/a n/a n/a 3 6 Total drugs seized (kg) 3,010.4 2,580.2 2,462.6 2,831.6 1,997.4 Heroin 190 102.3 234.8 288.99 45.2 Opium 205 366.6 428.8 449.9 383.8 Cannabis-type drugs 2,615 2,111.3 1,799.0 1,836.7 1,568.3 Hashish n/a n/a n/a 1,391.0 1,321.0 Marijuana n/a n/a n/a 445.7 247.3 Wild growing drug plants Cases of wild growing 127 116 193 672 126 Area (ha) 13.4 11.3 3.7 2.3 3.1 Destroyed cannabis plants (units) 1,372,811 2,476,431 1,110,971 1,844,410 1,647,665 10 The joint operation of the DCA Tajikistan and Ministry of Internal Affairs Afghanistan 11 The operation was conducted by DCA Tajikistan and all law enforcement agencies of Afghanistan 12 The operation was conducted with the State Drug Control Service of Kyrgyzstan 13 Between DCA of Tajikistan and Ministry of Public Security of China 14 The operation was conducted from 27 October until 21 November 2014. The drugs were seized in both countries. Source: http://rus.akn.tj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1419:2014-11-24-11-04-16&catid=3:co-operation&itemid=37 15 Nigeria nationals Updated March 2017 3

Heroin seizures in the Republic of Tajikistan, 2015-2016 Opium seizures in the Republic of Tajikistan, 2015-2016 Updated March 2017 4

Cannabis seizures in the Republic of Tajikistan, 2015 2016 Source (for all maps): DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, http://drugsmonitoring.unodcroca.org. Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (USD per kg) 2012 2013 2014 2015 1 July2016 Heroin (unknown purity) 3,800-6,000 3,800-6,000 3,800-6,000 4,000-6,000 4,000-6,800 Opium 400-1,000 400-800 400-750 400-700 400-800 Cannabis (herb) 150-300 50-300 50-300 50-300 50-300 Hashish (resin) 300-800 100-360 100-360 100-400 100-360, UNODC Annual Report Questionnaires Note: Comparisons of drug wholesale prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may not necessarily reflect changes. Data on retail prices are not available for 2011-2016. Heroin purity identified by the Drug Control Agency Tajikistan (per cent of diacetylmorphine content) Range 0.3%-65% 0.4%-79% 8%-45% 3%-44% 7%-60% Retail-level n/a n/a 8%-29% 3%-44% 7%-20% Wholesale-level n/a n/a 14%-45% 34%-40% 25%-60% Source: Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan, annual reports for 2011-2016 of the Drug Control Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Updated March 2017 5

DRUG-RELATED CRIME Drug-related offences Total number of offences 16 895 936 993 965 856 Rate (per 100,000)* 11 12 12 11 10 including be type of offence (in % to the total number of offences, according to the Criminal Code Tajikistan): With intent to sell (Art. 200) 17 55.6% 50.7% 56.1% 56.3% 59.5% Without intent to sell (Art. 201) 18 27.5% 27.2% 27.0% 27.5% 21.1% Smuggling (Art. 289) 19 13.3% 17.0% 14.2% 13.4% 15.2% Illicit cultivation (Art. 204) 20 1.9% 3.4% 2.0% 0.8% 0.9% Others (Art. 202, 205, 206) 21 1.7% 1.6% 0.7% 2.1% 3.3%, CARICC Note: * - The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospect estimates. Suspects arrested and offenders convicted Suspects arrested 989 988 1,001 1,004 1,119 Rate (per 100,000)* 12 12 12 12 13 Male 956 (97%) 957 (97%) 971 (97%) 974 (97%) 97% Female 33 (3%) 31 (3%) 30 (3%) 30 (3%) 3% Offenders convicted 22 1,054 1,049 1,039 1,045 980 Rate (per 100,000)* 13 13 13 12 11 Female (%) 5 3 3 2 2, CARICC Note: * - The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospect estimates. Foreigners arrested for committing drug-related crime and drugs seized from them Foreign citizens 28 43 33 25 23 CIS citizens 7 6 2 0 3 Afghanistan 16 36 29 25 17 Iran 5 1 0 0 0 China 0 0 2 0 1 Total drugs seized from foreigners (kg) 222.1 618.6 452.0 433.0 Heroin (kg) 21.6 45.4 73.4 Opium (kg) 24.5 76.0 45.8 129.0 26.8 Cannabis (kg) 176.0 23 497.2 77.7 686.5 24 (est.) 304.0 Methamphetamine 63.0-255.1 n/a, CARICC (2012) 16 After investigation 17 Illicit trafficking of drugs and psychotropic substances with intent to sell (Article 200 of the Criminal Code of Tajikistan) 18 Unlawful handling of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances (Article 201 of the Criminal Code of Tajikistan) 19 Article 289 of the Criminal Code of Tajikistan 20 Illegal cultivating of plants containing narcotic substances (Article 204 of the Criminal Code of Tajikistan) 21 Theft of drugs and precursors (Article 202 of the CC), Organization or keeping of dens for drug narcotics, psychotropic substances or precursors (Article 205 of the CC), and Illegal trafficking of strong or poisonous substances with the purpose of selling (Article 206 of the CC) 22 2012 National Report on Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan (Drug Situation in 2011), the report was prepared in the framework of the CADAP project, 2012, p.41 23- Drugs of cannabis group (marijuana and hashish) Updated March 2017 6

CIS citizens arrested for committing drug-related crime and drugs seized from them Kazakhstan 1 1 - - - Kyrgyzstan 1 4 2-2 Russian Federation 2 1 - - 1 Uzbekistan 2 - - - - Ukraine 1 - - - - Total drugs seized (kg) n/a 51.2 15.9-30.3 Heroin (kg) n/a 30 - - - Opium (kg) n/a 1.0 - - - Cannabis (kg) n/a 20.2 15.9-30.3 Convicts diagnosed with drug addiction Total 180 139 165 132 97 Organized crime 2009 2010 2014 2015 2016 Crimes committed by groups 145 117 60 62 n/a Crimes committed by OG 11 9 n/a 5 4 Source: CARICC (2009-2010), Drug Control Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan (2014-2016) DRUG ABUSE Drug users registered in dispensaries Total number of registered drug users 7,231 7,176 7,279 7,313 7,067 Rate (100,000)* 91 88 88 86 83 Including by gender: Male (%) 97 97 97 97 97 Female (%) 3 3 3 3 3 Including by drug type: Opioid users (%) 91 90 91 91 91 Heroin users (%) 81 81 81 81 81 Cannabinoid users (%) 4 4 4 4 4 Polydrug users (%) 5 5 5 5 4 MDMA users (%) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Including: Injecting drug users (%) 68 67 65 63 63 Drug users registered for the first time 685 674 606 594 401 Rate (100,000)* 8.6 8.3 7.3 7.0 4.6 Source: Republican Narcology Center of the Ministry of Health and Drug Control Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Note: * - The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospect estimates. Updated March 2017 7

Opiate users (estimated) 2006 2009 2014 Total number (aged 15 to 64) 23,000 n/a n/a Injecting drug users (IDUs) 17,000 25,000 24 23,100 25 Mean age 30.8 n/a n/a Lifetime use of heroin (%) 91 n/a n/a Lifetime use of opium (%) 19 n/a n/a Source: UNODC (2006), Republican AIDS Center (2009, 2014) Drug treatment and drug overdoses registered in treatment centers Treated drug abusers 902 1,032 703 647 560 Heroin users n/a 828 536 481 423 Opium users n/a 72 93 74 n/a Hashish users n/a 20 6 8 n/a Polydrug users n/a 112 (est.) 68 (est.) 84 n/a Treated for the first time (%) 75.9 n/a n/a n/a n/a Drug overdoses n/a n/a 1 9 7 Source: National Centre for Monitoring and Prevention of Drug Addiction of the Ministry of Health 26, Drug Control Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, UNODC Annual Report Questionnaire Annual prevalence of drug use as percentage of the population aged 15-64 UNODC best estimate Uncertainty range Year of estimate Cannabis No recent, reliable estimate Opiates 0.54 n/a 2006 Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2016 (UNODC GAP Survey, latest available estimates) Drug-related deaths related to drug use 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Number of deaths 39 33 45 47 27 45 Heroin 39 n/a 45 n/a n/a Source: National Centre for Monitoring and Prevention of Drug Addiction of the Ministry of Health (2011) 28, Drug Control Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan (2012-2015) 29 HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS reported Tested for HIV 30 453,836 517,376 647,978 597,426 n/a New HIV cases 828 876 1,008 1,151 515 (1 July) Rate (per 100,000)* 10 11 12 13 6 (1 July) Including by gender: Male 539 (65%) 530 (60.5%) 578 (57%) 693 (60%) n/a 24 Global Aids Response Progress Report 2010 Tajikistan 25 Global Aids Response Progress Report 2015 Tajikistan 26 2012 National Report on Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan (Drug Situation in 2011), National Centre for Monitoring and Prevention of Drug Addiction, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, p. 25 (CADAP) 27 Drug Situation in Tajikistan, Drug Control Agency report for 2014, p.69 28 2012 National Report on Drug Situation in the Republic of Tajikistan (Drug Situation in 2011), National Centre for Monitoring and Prevention of Drug Addiction, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, p. 33 (CADAP) 29 Drug Situation in Tajikistan, Drug Control Agency reports for 2012-2015 30 Global Aids Response Progress Reports 2015 and 2016 submitted Tajikistan Updated March 2017 8

HIV/AIDS reported Female 289 (35%) 346 (39.5%) 430 (43%) 458 (40%) n/a Including by mode of transmission: Sexual contacts (%) 37.2 57.5 60.4 61.7 50 (1 July) Injecting drug use (%) 31 27 24 44.5 38.5 (1 July) Mother-to-child (%) 4.1 5.4 5.6 3.3 3.7 (1 July) Unknown (%) 27 10 10 6.5 7.8 (1 July) Total HIV cases 4,674 5,550 6,558 7,640 8,583 Rate (per 100,000)* 59 68 79 90 99 IDUs (%) 50 50 (est.) 48 45 41 People living with HIV, registered 3,768 4,581 5,242 6,117 6,700 (est.) Rate (per 100,000)* 48 53 63 72 77 (est.) Including by gender: Male 2,716 (72%) 3,198 (70%) 3,505 (67%) 3,974 (65%) n/a Female 1,052 (28%) 1,383 (30%) 1,737 (33%) 2,143 (35%) n/a Source: Republican AIDS CenterTajikistan, http://www.nc-aids.tj/statistika.html Note: * - The rate was calculated using the UN World Population Prospect estimates. HIV prevalence among most at risk groups (estimated) 2009 2010 2011 2014 2015 Injecting drug users (%) 17.3 16 13.5 12.9 31 n/a Sex workers (%) 2.7 4.4 3.7 3.5 32 n/a MSM (%) n/a n/a 1.7 1.5 33 2.7 34 Pregnant (%) <5 <5 < 5 n/a n/a Inmates (%) 35 8.6 8.5 8.4 8.4 n/a Source: Republican AIDS Center Tajikistan HIV estimates by UNAIDS 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Number of people living with HIV 11,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 16,000 Adults aged 15-49 prevalence rate (%) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 Adults aged 15 and over living with HIV 10,000 11,000 13,000 15,000 16,000 Deaths due to AIDS- < 500 < 1,000 < 1,000 < 1,000 < 1,000 Source: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2013, http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/tajikistan/ 31 Global Aids Response Progress Report 2016 Tajikistan, p.8 32 Global Aids Response Progress Report 2016 Tajikistan, p.8 33 Khaydarova T. Treatment of HIV infected women in the Republic of Tajikistan. 5th Eastern Europe and Central Asia AIDS Conference, 23-25 March 2016, Moscow 34 Global Aids Response Progress Report 2016 Tajikistan, p.8 35 Khaydarova T. Treatment of HIV infected women in the Republic of Tajikistan. 5th Eastern Europe and Central Asia AIDS Conference, 23-25 March 2016, Moscow (data for 2009-2014) Updated March 2017 9

DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties Status Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 26Mar 1997 Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 26Mar 1997 United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 26May 1996 Signature and ratification status of Crime-Related Treaties Status United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 8 Jul 2002 (Ratification) a) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and 8 Jul 2002 Children, supplementing the UNTOC b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC 8 Jul 2002 c) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 25 Sep 2006 Updated March 2017 10